ʻO ka lakio kino o ka nui a me ka nui o ka wai e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka ʻaila ʻenekini. Me ka viscosity, pili ka palena i ka mahana, pili i ka hana o nā mīkini a hāʻawi i ka mana i haʻi ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻoili hydraulic. Loaʻa i ka aila kaʻa maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui ʻino, a ʻo ka aila kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā haumia e hoʻonui ai i nā ʻāpana. E haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i ka hopena o nā aila synthetic kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa i ka hana o nā ʻenekini piston a i ʻole rotary kaʻa. Nā Lubricants Kiʻekiʻe Loaʻa ka nui o nā aila kaʻa ma waena o 0,68 a me 0,95 kg/l. ʻO nā wai lubricating me kahi hōʻailona ma luna o 0,95 kg / l ua helu ʻia he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻemi kēia mau ʻaila i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i ka hoʻoili hydraulic me ka nalowale ʻole o ka hana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana, ʻaʻole komo ka lubricant i nā wahi paʻakikī o ka piston cylinders. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo ka ukana ma ...

ʻO ka laulā o nā aila i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea kanu mana he nui loa, akā ua ʻike ʻia lākou āpau e kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a hana ʻia mai ka ʻaila haʻahaʻa-sulfur. Ma waena o ka mea maʻamau ka ʻaila transformer GK (ke kū nei ka brand: G - kahi hōʻailona o ke ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe: hydrocracking, K - ke alo o nā pūhui waikawa i ka haku mele). Nā kikoʻī ʻO ka haku mele a me nā waiwai o ka ʻaila transformer grade GK e hoʻoholo ʻia e GOST 982-80. Hōʻike kēia mau maʻamau: ʻO ka hana hoʻokalakupua uila kiʻekiʻe, me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui antioxidant (ionol), me ka ʻole o ka corrosion ma lalo o ka volta kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me nā mea ʻino mechanical. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o nā hōʻailona viscosity i kekahi pae wela. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā ion acid manuahi. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o ke kino a me ke kemika no ka huahana i wehewehe ʻia: Density, kg/m3, ma ka lumi wela -…

ʻO ka mea kupanaha, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo: i ka makahiki o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole ʻike ka nui o nā kaʻa kaʻa he mea pono e hoʻonui i ka wai i kēlā me kēia manawa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki mai ka ʻike i ka wā e hāʻule koke ai ka pedal ma lalo o ka wāwae ʻākau, a laila, ma hope o hoʻokahi minuke, ala hou - a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana. Ua kākau ʻia nā mea a pau ma ke ʻano he "system glitch" a i ʻole kekahi mea like. E pili ana i ka manawa e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka wai kaʻa i loko o kahi kaʻa a no ke kumu he mea mālama pono kēia - heluhelu i ka ʻatikala. No ke aha e hoʻololi ai i ka wai kaʻa? E hoʻomaka kākou me nā kumu. Hana ʻia ka wai ʻōpala ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻouna kaomi mai ka master brake cylinder (GTE) i nā limahana. Paʻi ka mea hoʻokele i ka pedal, ʻo GTE (ka piston maʻalahi i loko o kahi hale me kahi ʻōnaehana valve) e hoʻouna i kahi kaomi wai ma o ...

ʻO ka hui wikiwiki mau (a i ʻole ka hui CV no ka pōkole) pili i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka torque mai ka pahu pahu i ka huila huila. ʻO ia hoʻi, he priori kēia node i hoʻouka nui ʻia. No laila, koi nā hui CV i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lubricants kūikawā hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pale pono no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻāpana e hana ana ma lalo o nā ukana kaumaha. E pili ana i ke ʻano o ka lubricant ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻohana no nā hui CV a e kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo nei. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ke koho ʻana i nā lubricants no nā hui CV Ua koho ʻia nā Lubricants no nā hui wikiwiki mau e like me ke kumu maʻalahi maʻalahi: ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hui e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka neʻe ʻana i kahi kihi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hui CV āpau i ʻelua pūʻulu: ʻano pōlele; tripods. I ka huli ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa i ʻelua ʻano nā higes ʻano pōlele: me ka hiki ke neʻe axial a me ka hiki ʻole. ...

ʻO nā uhi anticorrosion e pili ana i nā pūhui macromolecular e lilo i mea kaulana i waena o nā kaʻa. A hiki i kēia manawa, no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ia mau haku i ka ʻili, pono ia e hoʻohana i nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai. Akā i kēia manawa, ua ʻike ʻia kahi home ma ka mākeke profile, mai ka hui Rubber Paint, me ka inoa hoihoi "Hammer". Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka haku mele ʻana a me nā waiwai Hoʻohana ʻia ka pena Rubber ma nā ʻano like ʻole a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i ka lāʻau, metala, kaila, fiberglass a me nā ʻili plastik. Loaʻa ka pena i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano like ʻole - ma ke kāhili, roller a i ʻole spray (ʻo ke ala mua wale nō ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka pena ʻana i nā kaʻa). E like me nā haku mele ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohana like ʻana ma muli o ka polyurethane - ʻo nā uhi kaulana loa ʻo Titanium, Bronekor a me Raptor - ua hana ʻia ka pena i nīnau ʻia ma ke kumu o ka polyurethane.

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ua lilo ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano huahana like ʻole e pili ana i ka silicone. Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai, ua loaʻa ka silicone i ka noi ma ke kahua o ka kemika automotive. E noʻonoʻo kākou he aha nā lubricants silicone no nā sila palaki, a ʻike pū hoʻi i ke ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana no kēia kumu. ʻO ka hui ʻana a me ke kumu o ka hana ʻo Silicones he hui organosilicon i loaʻa ka oxygen. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hui organik, ʻokoʻa nā waiwai o kēia mau mea. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā lubricants silicone no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā sila i loaʻa i kekahi o ʻekolu (a i ʻole) mau mea: nā wai silicone (ʻaila), elastomers a i ʻole resins. He mea maʻalahi ke kumu o ka hana o ka silicone smear. Ma hope o ka noi ʻana, uhi ʻia kahi lubricant me ka hiki ke hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka ʻili e mālama ʻia. ʻAʻole paʻa ʻo ia...

Ma waena o nā ʻaila ʻaila i hana ʻia ma Rūsia a me nā ʻāina CIS, ʻo Tad-17 brand grease e ʻoi aku paha ma luna o ka helu kaulana. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaila ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, mālama pono i nā ʻāpana friction o nā shafts a me nā mīkini mīkini, a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai antioxidant. ʻO ka hui a me ka hōʻailona ʻana i ka ʻaila Transmission Tad-17, i hana ʻia e like me nā koi ʻenehana o GOST 23652-79 (a me kāna analogue kokoke loa - Tad-17i aila), i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa. He kūpono no ka hoʻouna lima ʻana (ʻoi aku ka hypoid), nā axles hoʻokele, kekahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele o nā kaʻa kaʻa me kahi hoʻolālā kaʻa kaʻa hope. Wahi a ka hoʻohālikelike honua, aia ia i nā aila papa GL-5. ʻAʻole ia i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawe ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā mea hana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, ua hoʻonui mua ʻia ka viscosity, e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika o ke kaʻa (ma ia mau hihia, ʻoi aku ...

ʻO kēlā hōʻailona e like me ka nui o ka antifreeze e pili pono ana i ka loiloi ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā coolants hou. Hōʻike pololei ka Density i ka pākēneka o ka ethylene glycol (propylene glycol) a me ka wai. A he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi kēia o ka hiki o ka antifreeze ke kū i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka Density o nā antifreezes ʻaneʻi nā antifreezes hou i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka waiʻona (kekahi o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka glycol) a me ka wai distilled. ʻO ka ratio o ka glycol i ka wai e hoʻoholo i ke kū'ē i nā mahana haʻahaʻa. Aia kekahi paradox ma ʻaneʻi he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo. No ka ethylene glycol antifreezes, ʻaʻole hana ka lula: ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka glycol, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hau i hiki ke ʻae ʻia. Loaʻa i ka ethylene glycol maʻemaʻe kahi pae maloʻo o -13°C wale nō. A loaʻa i kēlā ʻano paepae maloʻo kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hoʻomaha ma ka hui ʻana me ka wai. A hiki i ka ʻike glycol i…

Ma ka Google-list drop-down i ke komo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "antifreeze", ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "Felix antifreeze" aia ma kahi kūlana hanohano. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea, ʻo ka mea hana i kēia ʻano o nā mea hoʻoluʻu, ʻo ka hui ʻo Nizhny Novgorod Tosol-Sintez, he kākoʻo mokuʻāina. ʻO ka ʻike maʻamau e pili ana i nā antifreezes Felix ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā haku mele e noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻano ākea o nā ʻano maikaʻi i hāʻawi ʻia. Ma ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau huahana, hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻo Tosol-sintez i kahi mea hoʻohana i ka pono e kūʻai i kā lākou huahana ponoʻī. ʻO nā antifreeze Felix āpau he mineral, a ʻo kā lākou kumu hana he monoethylene glycol. Wahi a ka hoʻohālikelike i kūkulu ʻia e ka manaʻo Volkswagen, aia nā huahana i nā hui G11 a me G12. Hōʻike ʻia kēia mau pūʻulu e ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka haku mele ...

Ma waena o nā ʻano mea hoʻoluʻu, aia kahi wahi kūikawā iā Tosol 65, a, ʻo ia hoʻi, kāna ʻano Tosol A-65M. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi leka hou i ka kikoʻī o ka huahana me ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hau, ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Nā hiʻohiʻona Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka coolant i nīnau ʻia e nā limahana o ka Department of Organic Synthesis Technology o kekahi o nā keʻena noiʻi Soviet e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa VAZ, ʻo ia ka mea i haku ʻia i kēlā manawa. Ua hoʻohui ʻia ka hope -ol i nā huaʻōlelo mua ʻekolu o ka inoa, he mea maʻamau no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā mea olaola kiʻekiʻe-molecular. ʻO ka helu 65 i ka decoding o ka brand e hōʻike ana i ka palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No laila, kokoke i ka hapalua haneli i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o kahi ʻohana o nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa me nā inoa like (OJ Tosol, Tosol A-40, etc.), i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home ...

ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa, i kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai kaʻa kūikawā, he kala ʻeleʻele hanohano, e hōʻike ana i kāna mea hou a me ka hou. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā lōʻihi, hoʻololi ke kala o nā kaʻa kaʻa, loaʻa nā ʻano o ka hina hina. ʻO ke ala maʻalahi loa e wehewehe i kēia, ʻo ia ka ʻelemakule lohi o ka lāʻau. He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻelemakule o nā kaʻa? Hoʻololi ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻaʻole wale ma nā kūlana hana - nā hoʻololi koke i ka mahana, friction, stress - akā ma o ka oxidation pū kekahi. ʻOiai "ʻaʻole i holo" ka lāʻau e hoʻomālamalama mālie, no ka mea i ka wā o ka hana e hoʻomau mau ʻia i ka oxidation. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa oxide brittle o ka ikaika i hoʻonui ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka pā. ʻAʻohe pōmaikaʻi mai kēlā papa, no ka mea, me ka ikaika e loaʻa ai ka brittleness nui, no ka mea aia nā pūhui sulfide i loko. ʻOiai ke kaʻa ʻana ma nā alanui ʻino, ʻili…

Pehea ka pilikia o ka wai i loko o ka pahu hau, mai hea mai ia a pehea e hana ai? Ma lalo nei mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ala maʻalahi loa e wehe i ka wai mai ka pahu wahie - nā mea maloʻo wahie. ʻO nā mīkini o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka pahu hau a me nā hopena o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka condensation maʻamau mai ka lewa. Loaʻa mau ka mahu wai i ka lewa i kekahi ʻano. Ke hoʻopili ʻia me nā ʻili paʻakikī (ʻoi loa i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), condenses ka makū i loko o nā droplets. ʻO ka pāpale pahu hau o ka hoʻolālā maʻalahi loa he puka e komo ai ka ea mai ke kaiapuni i ka wā e hāʻule ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wahie (ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaomi nui ma o kēia valve). Mālama kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻōpala. I nā hoʻolālā pahu kinoea kiʻekiʻe loa ...

ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai ka hana kino ka hana mua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻa. I kēia hihia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka sponge maʻamau a i ʻole mitt, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana holoi kaomi, a hoʻohana pū i kahi shampoo kaʻa kūikawā no ka holoi ʻana me ka ʻole. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka shampoo kaʻa no ka holoi ʻana me ka ʻole e pili ana i nā surfactants, nā mea paʻakikī, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, buffer acidity regulators, dispersing agents, pH correctors, odinizers, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻaʻole like nā shampoos a pau i kā lākou hana. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka helu o nā shampoos kaʻa maikaʻi loa no ka holoi holoi ʻole ʻana no ka māhele profile o ka mākeke ma 2018. Loaʻa i ka Bilt Hamber Surfex HD Shampoo ka wahi mua ma ka helu ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. E like me ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā haʻawina he nui, i ke kaʻa ʻana i ke kaʻa ma nā alanui o ke kūlanakauhale ...

Ma waena o nā lubricants a pau no ka hoʻouna lima a me nā mea hoʻoili ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka ʻaila 80W90 paha ke alakaʻi i ka kaulana. ʻO kēia inā mākou e noʻonoʻo i ke kikowaena waena o Rusia. Ma lalo nei mākou e nānā i nā hiʻohiʻona a me ke ʻano o ka aila kaila me ka viscosity o 80W90. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻaila 80W90 e noʻonoʻo pōkole i nā hiʻohiʻona nui i loaʻa i nā aila mīkini me ka viscosity o 80W90. 'Ōlelo ka SAE J300 maʻamau i kēia. ʻO ka wahi ninini ma mua o ka nalowale ʻana o ka lubricating a me nā waiwai pale ma -26 ° C. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o kēia mahana, ʻoi aku ka viscosity ikaika o ka aila ma mua o ka palena ʻae ʻia o 150000 csp i ʻae ʻia e nā ʻenekini SAE. ʻAʻole kēia manaʻo e lilo ka momona i hau. Akā, i ka paʻa ʻana, e lilo ia e like me ka meli mānoanoa. A penei…

ʻO ka ʻala o nā kinoea hoʻopau i loko o ke keʻena kaʻahele a i ʻole ka leo "ʻoki" maikaʻi ʻole o ka ʻoki ʻana e hōʻike ana i ka haki ʻana o ka ʻāpana hoʻopau. ʻO kahi hopena wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi i kēia pilikia ʻo ka muffler sealant. E pili ana i ke ʻano o nā sealants no nā ʻōnaehana exhaust a pehea ka maikaʻi o lākou - heluhelu ma lalo. Pehea e hana ai ka muffler sealant a ma hea e hoʻohana ʻia ai? Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe o ka automotive he "cements". Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "cement" ʻaʻole wale ma waena o nā kaʻa kaʻa he slang. Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa muffler i kēia huaʻōlelo ma kā lākou ʻeke, ʻaʻole no ka hana ʻoihana. ʻO ka like o nā mea hoʻopaʻa me nā sima he ʻano maoli, hoʻohana ʻia, a me kahi kemika. ʻO nā ʻano polymers ʻano like ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopaʻa kaʻa a pau.…

ʻO kekahi poʻe kaʻa kaʻa, ke hoʻololi a hoʻonui paha i ka mea hoʻomaha, e hoʻohana i ka antifreeze i mākaukau. ʻOi aku ka makemake o nā mea kaʻa ʻē aʻe i ka concentrate. E ho'āʻo kākou e noʻonoʻo i ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi: antifreeze a i ʻole antifreeze concentrate. He aha ka antifreeze concentrate a pehea ka ʻokoʻa mai ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia? ʻO ka antifreeze maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia he 4 mau mea nui: ethylene glycol; puhi ia ka wai; pūʻolo hoʻohui; kalai. Hoʻokahi wale nō o nā ʻāpana i nalowale i ka concentrate: ka wai hoʻoheheʻe. ʻO nā ʻāpana i koe i loko o ka hoʻohui piha ʻana i loko o nā mana concentrated o nā coolants. I kekahi manawa nā mea hana, i mea e maʻalahi ai a pale i nā nīnau pono ʻole, e kākau wale iā "Glycol" a i ʻole "Ethandiol" ma ka pahu, ʻo ia hoʻi, he inoa ʻē aʻe no ka ethylene glycol. ʻAʻole i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻohui a me ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā mea hoʻohui a pau a me ka dye i ka hapa nui ...