ʻAla ʻaila ʻenekini. He aha nā ʻāpana e pili ana?
Nā mea
Nā Lubricants Kiʻekiʻe
ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā aila kaʻa ma ka pae o 0,68–0,95 kg/l. ʻO nā wai lubricating me kahi hōʻailona ma luna o 0,95 kg / l ua helu ʻia he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻemi kēia mau ʻaila i ke koʻikoʻi mechanical i ka hoʻoili hydraulic me ka nalowale ʻole o ka hana. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻonui nui ʻana, ʻaʻole komo ka lubricant i nā wahi paʻakikī o ka piston cylinders. ʻO ka hopena: piʻi ka ukana ma ka mīkini crank (crankshaft). Hoʻonui pū ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lubricant a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waihona coke.
Ma hope o 1,5-2 mau makahiki, hoʻopili ʻia ka lubricant e 4-7% o kona kumu waiwai, e hōʻike ana i ka pono e hoʻololi i ka lubricant.
Nā ʻaila kaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
ʻO ka emiʻana o ka nui-nui ma lalo o 0,68 kg / l ma muli o ka hoʻokomoʻana i nā mea haumia haʻahaʻa, no ka laʻana, nā paraffins māmā. ʻO nā lubricants maikaʻi ʻole i kēia hihia ke alakaʻi i ka ʻaʻahu wikiwiki o nā mea hydromechanical o ka mīkini, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- ʻAʻohe manawa o ka wai e lubricate i ka ʻili o nā mīkini neʻe a kahe i loko o ka crankcase.
- Hoʻonui ʻia ka puhi ʻana a me ka coking ma nā ʻāpana metala o ka ʻenekini puhi ahi.
- ʻO ka wela nui o nā mīkini mana ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika friction.
- Hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lubricant.
- Nā kānana aila lepo.
No laila, no ka hana kūpono o ka ligament "cylinder-piston", pono ka ʻaila ʻenekini o ka ʻoi loa. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai no kahi ʻano mīkini kikoʻī a ʻōlelo ʻia e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o SAE a me API.
Papa o ka nui o na aila kaa hooilo
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lubricants i hōʻike ʻia e ka index 5w40–25w40 i nā ʻano hoʻoilo (W - Winter). ʻOkoʻa ka nui o ia mau huahana i ka laulā o 0,85-0,9 kg / l. ʻO ka helu ma mua o ka "W" e hōʻike ana i ka mahana i hoʻohuli ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia nā pahu piston. ʻO ka huahelu ʻelua ka index viscosity o ka wai wela. ʻO ka index density o ka lubricant papa 5W40 ka haʻahaʻa loa ma waena o nā ʻano hoʻoilo - 0,85 kg / l ma 5 ° C. ʻO kahi huahana like o ka papa 10W40 he waiwai o 0,856 kg / l, a no 15w40 ka palena he 0,89-0,91 kg / l.
| SAE ʻaila ʻaila | Ka nui, kg/l |
| 5w30 | 0,865 |
| 5w40 | 0,867 |
| 10w30 | 0,865 |
| 10w40 | 0,865 |
| 15w40 | 0,910 |
| 20w50 | 0,872 |
Hōʻike ka papa ʻaina e loli ana ka hōʻailona o nā lubricants mineral hoʻoilo ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 0,867 kg / l. I ka hana ʻana i nā wai lubricating, he mea nui e nānā i nā deviations i nā ʻāpana density. E kōkua ka hydrometer maʻamau i ke ana ʻana i ka waiwai.
ʻO ka nui o ka ʻaila ʻenekini i hoʻohana ʻia
Ma hope o 1-2 mau makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e pōʻino nā waiwai kino o nā lubricants ʻenehana. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka huahana mai ka melemele māmā a i ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke kumu ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā huahana palaho a me ke ʻano o nā mea haumia. ʻO nā Asphaltenes, nā derivatives carbene, a me ka soot ahi ke kumu nui e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lubricants ʻenehana. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka wai papa 5w40 me ka waiwai nominal o 0,867 kg / l ma hope o 2 mau makahiki he 0,907 kg / l. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau i nā kaʻina hana kemika hoʻohaʻahaʻa e alakaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻaila ʻenekini.
