ʻO ka hui kemika o ka antifreeze g11, g12, g13
haku mele
ʻO ke kumu o nā mea hoʻoluʻu (coolants) ʻo ia ka wai distilled i hui pū ʻia me ka mono- a me ka polyhydric alcohols i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā mea hoʻopaneʻe corrosion a me nā mea hoʻohui fluorescent (dyes) i nā concentrates. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol a i ʻole glycerin (a hiki i 20%) ma ke ʻano he kumu waiʻona.
- wai distillate
Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia. A i ʻole, e hoʻokumu ʻia ka pālākiō ma ke ʻano o ka carbonate a me ka waihona phosphate ma ka radiator grill a me nā paia pipeline.
- ʻO Ethanediol
ʻO ka waiʻona saturated dihydric, kala ʻole a ʻala ʻole. ʻO ka wai ʻaila ʻawaʻawa me kahi pae maloʻo o -12 °C. Loaʻa nā waiwai lubricating. No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka antifreeze mākaukau, hoʻohana ʻia kahi hui o 75% ethylene glycol a me 25% wai. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka ʻike o nā mea hoʻohui (emi ma mua o 1%).
- Propanediol
He propylene glycol hoʻi - ka homologue kokoke loa o ka ethanediol me ʻekolu mau kalapona kalapona i ke kaulahao. He wai ʻawaʻawa ʻole me ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa. Loaʻa i ka antifreeze pāʻoihana he 25%, 50%, a i ʻole 75% propylene glycol. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma mua o ka ethanediol.
Nā ʻano mea hoʻohui
ʻO ka Ethylene glycol antifreeze no nā kaʻa e oxidize i ka wā lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana a hana i ka glycolic, emi pinepine ka waika formic. No laila, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaiapuni acidic maikaʻi ʻole no ka metala. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā kaʻina hana oxidative, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻohui anti-corrosion i loko o ka coolant.
- Nā mea hoʻopaneʻe ʻinoʻino
A i ʻole "kuʻuna" - hui ʻia e pili ana i nā silicates, nitrate, nitrite a i ʻole nā paʻakai phosphate. ʻO ia mau mea hoʻohui e hana ma ke ʻano he alkaline buffer a hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni inert ma ka ʻili metala, kahi e pale ai i nā hopena o ka waiʻona a me kāna mau huahana oxidation. Hōʻailona ʻia nā antifreezes me nā inorganic inhibitors me ka inoa ʻo "G11" a he ʻōmaʻomaʻo a uliuli paha. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā inhibitor inorganic i loko o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka antifreeze, kahi mea hoʻonaninani i hana ʻia ma ka home. Ua kaupalena ʻia ke ola lawelawe i 2 mau makahiki.
- Nā mea hoʻopaʻa kino
Ma muli o ka palena palena o ka inorganic inhibitors, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā analogues ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni a me ke kemika, nā carboxylates. ʻAʻole pale ka paʻakai o nā waikawa carboxylic i ka ʻili hana holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ke kikowaena wale nō o ka corrosion, e uhi ana i ka wahi me kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. Ua koho ʻia ʻo "G12". Ke ola lawelawe - a hiki i 5 mau makahiki. He ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.
- Kuiia
I kekahi mau hihia, hui pū ʻia nā "organics" me nā "inorganics" e loaʻa ai nā antifreeze hybrid. ʻO ka wai ka hui ʻana o nā carboxylates a me nā paʻakai anorganic. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o 3 mau makahiki. kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
- Lobrid
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka concentrate i loko o ia hihia me nā reagents mineral a me nā mea hoʻohui anti-corrosion organik. Hoʻokumu ka mea mua i kahi nanofilm ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka metala, ʻo ka hope e pale i nā wahi i hōʻino ʻia. ʻO ka manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻana a hiki i 20 mau makahiki.
hopena
Hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka pae maloʻo o ka wai a hoʻemi i ka coefficient o ka hoʻonui. ʻO ka hui kemika o ka antifreeze kahi hui o ka wai distilled me nā waiʻona, a me nā mea hoʻopiʻi corrosion a me nā dyes.
