ʻO Volkswagen VIN ka moʻolelo kaʻa maikaʻi loa
Nā manaʻo aʻoaʻo i nā poʻe kaʻa

ʻO Volkswagen VIN ka moʻolelo kaʻa maikaʻi loa

Mai ka makahiki kanawalu o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e kahi ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko i kahi code VIN pākahi i loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kaʻa. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā helu a me nā leka e lawe mai i nā pōmaikaʻi maoli. Ma kēia helu, ʻike lākou i nā ʻike he nui, me ke koho ʻana i ka ʻāpana kikoʻī kūpono e kūpono i ka mana o kahi mīkini. Ke noʻonoʻo nei he nui nā hoʻololi, nā hoʻomaikaʻi a me nā hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu AG Volkswagen, a ke hoʻonui mau nei nā pae brand, pili kēia manawa kūpono, i ka noi a ʻo ia wale nō ke ala e koho pono ai i nā ʻāpana kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

Volkswagen VIN code

ʻO VIN (Helu ʻike kaʻa) he helu ʻike no ke kaʻa, kaʻa kaʻa, kaʻa, kaʻa kaʻa a me nā kaʻa ʻē aʻe, i hui pū ʻia me nā leka Latin a me nā helu ma kahi pūʻulu ʻano o 17 mau huaʻōlelo. Aia i loko o ke code pākahi ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea hana, nā palena o ka mea lawe kanaka a i ʻole nā ​​​​waiwai, nā mea hana, ka lā o ka hana ʻana a me nā ʻike pono ʻē aʻe. Ua wehewehe ʻia ke kākau ʻana o ke code VIN e nā kūlana ʻelua.

  1. ISO 3779-1983 - Nā kaʻa alanui. helu ʻike kaʻa (VIN). maʻiʻo a me ka hoʻolālā. “Nā kaʻa alanui. Helu ʻike kaʻa. Maʻiʻo a me ka hoʻolālā".
  2. ISO 3780-1983 - Nā Kaʻa Alanui. Palapala hōʻike mea hana honua (WMI). “Nā kaʻa alanui. Code hōʻike o ka mea hana honua.

Hoʻopili ʻia kahi helu kūʻokoʻa ma nā ʻāpana paʻa o ka chassis a i ʻole ke kino a hoʻopili ʻia i nā papa kūikawā (nameplates). Ua hoʻoholo ka Volkswagen Group i kahi o ka hōʻailona hōʻailona ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka lālā kea radiator luna.

ʻO Volkswagen VIN ka moʻolelo kaʻa maikaʻi loa
Ua hoʻololi ke code VIN ma ke kaʻa i ʻekolu mau inoa - ka helu o ka mīkini, kino a me nā chassis - a hiki i ka 80s i kīkē ʻia ma kēlā me kēia kaʻa a he helu wale nō.

ʻO ka ʻike like, koe wale nō ka pale a me ke kaumaha nui, ua kope ʻia e kahi mea paʻi i loko o ke keʻena kumu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka helu VIN i ka wā e hui pū ai i ke kaʻa ma luna o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka bulkhead engine.

I loko o nā palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa o nā kaʻa aia kahi laina kūikawā kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ke code VIN, no laila, i ka wā e hoʻāʻo ʻia ai ka ʻaihue a me ka ʻaihue o nā kaʻa e hoʻololi i mea e hūnā ai i ka mōʻaukala o ke kaʻa maoli. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea hoʻouka e hana i kēia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea hana i nā pae hou o ka pale VIN me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano noiʻi hou loa: nā stamps, laser beam, barcode stickers.

Hoʻokomo nā lula ISO i kekahi mau koi i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kahi code VIN: hoʻohana ʻia nā huaʻōlelo i ka laina hoʻokahi, me ka ʻole o nā hakahaka, me nā kikoʻī maopopo o nā huaʻōlelo, me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā leka Latin O, I, Q ma muli o ko lākou like me 1 a me 0, ka 4 hope loa. he mau huahelu wale no .

ʻO ke ʻano o ka helu VIN "Volkswagen"

Hana ʻo AG Volkswagen i ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa i kālele ʻia ma nā mākeke ʻelua: ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa (me nā ʻāina ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe). ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o nā code VIN no nā kaʻa i kūʻai ʻia ma nā ʻāina o ka New and Old Worlds. No nā mea kūʻai mai o ka European Union, Russia, Asia a me ʻApelika, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono ka helu VIN i nā kūlana ISO, no laila ua hōʻike ʻia nā huaʻōlelo mai 4 a 6 e ka leka Latin Z. No nā ʻāina o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, aia kēia mau wahi. ʻike i hoʻopili ʻia e pili ana i ke ʻano hoʻohālike, ke ʻano mīkini a me nā ʻōnaehana palekana passive i hoʻohana ʻia.

ʻOiai ʻo ka VIN no ʻEulopa kahi hōʻike pololei o ka lā o ka hana ʻana (ka helu 10), aia nā wahi he nui i nā kaʻa VW hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka makahiki o ka hana ʻana o ke kaʻa:

  • peʻa aniani;
  • nā peʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao hope o nā ʻāpana plastik (ke aniani aniani, ka uhi, ka lehu, nā uhi);
  • nā lepili ma nā kāʻei noho;
  • nā papa ma ka mea hoʻomaka, generator, relay a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe;
  • nā peʻa ma nā aniani o nā kukui a me nā kukui;
  • e kaha ana i na huila nui a me na huila kaawale;
  • ʻike ma ka puke lawelawe;
  • nā mea hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka pahu, ke keʻena ʻenekini, ma nā noho o ka hale a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

Video: he aha ke code VIN, no ke aha e pono ai

He aha ka Vin Code? No ke aha e pono ai?

Ka wehewehe ʻana i ke code VIN o nā kaʻa VW

Wahi a nā huahelu mua ʻekolu, ʻokoʻa ka helu Volkswagen VIN mai nā analogues o nā alakaʻi honua ʻē aʻe i ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o AG Volkswagen i nā hui hana kaʻa 342, me nā hōʻailona e like me Audi, Škoda, Bentley a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hui holoʻokoʻa o nā hōʻailona 17 o nā kaʻa VW i māhele ʻia i ʻekolu pūʻulu.

WMI (ʻekolu huaʻōlelo mua)

ʻO WMI - ka papa kuhikuhi mea hana honua, me nā huaʻōlelo mua ʻekolu.

  1. Hōʻike ka leka mua / helu i ka geofence kahi i hana ʻia ai nā kaʻa:
    • W — FRG;
    • 1 - USA;
    • 3 — Mekiko;
    • 9 — Palakila;
    • X - Rusia.
  2. Hōʻike ka lua i ka mea nāna i hana ke kaʻa:
    • V - ma nā hale hana o ka Volkswagen e pili ana iā ia iho;
    • B - ma kahi lālā ma Palakila.
  3. Hōʻike ke kolu o ke ʻano o ke kaʻa:
    • 1 - kaʻa kaʻa a kiʻi paha;
    • 2 - MPV (nā kaʻa kaʻa me ka hiki ke hoʻonui);
    • W - kaʻa kaʻa.
      ʻO Volkswagen VIN ka moʻolelo kaʻa maikaʻi loa
      Aia kēia code VIN i kahi kaʻa kaʻa i hana ʻia ma Kelemania ma ka mea kanu o ka hopohopo Volkswagen

VDI (nā hua ʻehā a ʻeiwa)

He ʻāpana wehewehe ʻo VDI, aia i ʻeono mau huaʻōlelo code a haʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai o ka mīkini. No ka Eurozone, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona mai ka hā a i ke ono e ka leka Z, e hōʻike ana i ka nele o ka ʻike i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o lākou. No ka mākeke US, loaʻa iā lākou ka ʻikepili aʻe.

  1. ʻO ka hā o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka chassis a me ka mīkini, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke ʻano o ke kino:
    • B - V6 engine, hoʻokuʻu puna;
    • C - V8 engine, hoʻokuʻu puna;
    • L - V6 engine, ea hoʻokuʻu;
    • M - V8 engine, ea hoʻokuʻu;
    • P - V10 engine, ea hoʻokuʻu;
    • Z — ʻenekini V6/V8 hoʻokuʻu haʻuki.
  2. 'O ka lima o ke 'ano o ka 'enekini no kekahi kŘkohu (ka helu o nā cylinders, volume). No ka laʻana, no ka Touareg crossover:
    • A - petrol V6, ka nui 3,6 l;
    • M - petrol V8, ka nui 4,2 l;
    • G - diesel V10, ka nui 5,0 l.
  3. ʻO ke ʻano ʻeono he ʻōnaehana palekana passive (nā helu mai 0 a 9 e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o kahi ʻano palekana pilikino no ka mea hoʻokele a me nā mea kaʻa):
    • 2 - nā kāʻei noho inertial-free;
    • 3 - nā kāʻei noho inertial;
    • 4 - ʻaoʻao airbags;
    • 5 - nā kāʻei noho automated;
    • 6 - airbag me nā kāʻei noho inertial no ka mea hoʻokele;
    • 7 - ʻaoʻao inflatable pale pale;
    • 8 - nā uluna a me nā pale ʻaoʻao inflatable;
    • 9 - airbags no ka mea hoʻokele a me ka mea holo mua;
    • 0 - nā ʻeke ea mua me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana, nā ʻeke air ʻaoʻao i mua a ma hope, nā ʻeke air ʻaoʻao.
  4. ʻO ka ʻehiku a me ka ʻewalu o nā huaʻōlelo e hōʻike i ka brand ma ke ʻano hoʻohālike. Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā waiwai helu kikoʻī ma ka papa ma lalo iho.
  5. ʻO ka helu ʻeiwa he hōʻailona Z manuahi no ʻEulopa, a he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no ʻAmelika e pale ana i ka code VIN mai ka hoʻopunipuni. Ua helu ʻia kēia helu helu e kahi algorithm paʻakikī.
    ʻO Volkswagen VIN ka moʻolelo kaʻa maikaʻi loa
    ʻO nā huahelu ʻehiku a me ʻewalu o ka VIN e hōʻike ana aia ia i ka hiʻohiʻona Polo III

Papa: nā hōʻailona 7 a me 8 ma muli o ke kumu hoʻohālike Volkswagen

Ke kŘkohuKa wehewehe
Caddy14, 1A
Kolepa / Hoʻololi15
Jetta I/II16
Kolepa I, Jetta I17
Kolepa II, Jetta II19, 1G
Nani Hou1C
Kolepa III, Cabrio1E
ka mea,1F
golf III, makani1H
Kolepa IV, Bora1J
LT21, 28. 2d
Mea lawe T1 — T324, 25
Mea hoʻohana ʻo Transporter Syncro2A
Mea hana lima2E
Amarok2H
L802V
Ua hala31 (B3), 32 (B2), 33 (B1), 3A (B4), 3B (B5, B6), 3C (Passat CC)
ʻO Corrado50, 60
ʻO Sirocco53
ʻO Tiguan5N
Wolf6E
Polo III6K, 6N, 6V
Kaʻi lawe T470
Ka Taro7A
Kaʻi lawe T57D
Sharana7M
Touareg7L

VIS (nā kūlana 10 a 17)

ʻO VIS kahi ʻāpana ʻike e hōʻike ana i ka lā hoʻomaka o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kumu hoʻohālike a me ka mea kanu kahi e hana ai ka laina hui.

Hōʻike ka ʻumi ʻumi i ka makahiki o ka hana ʻana o ka model Volkswagen. Ma mua, kahi hōʻike o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i hana ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai kaʻa, a kūʻai aku lākou ma hope koke o ka hōʻike. Manaʻo ka maʻamau IOS e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki hoʻohālike e hiki mai ana ma ʻAukake 1 o kēia makahiki alemanaka. Ma lalo o ke koi maʻamau, ua pāʻani kēia mea i kahi kūlana maikaʻi pālua:

Akā, ua hāʻule mālie ka noi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, no laila ʻaʻohe hoʻonui makahiki o nā hiʻohiʻona, a ʻo ka hapa ʻumi e nalowale ana i kona pili i ka mākeke mua.

Eia naʻe, inā ʻike ʻoe i ka makahiki hoʻohālike o ke kaʻa a me ka manawa i haʻalele ai i ka laina hui, hiki iā ʻoe ke helu i ka makahiki o ke kaʻa me ka pololei o ʻeono mahina. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi makahiki no 30 mau makahiki a hoʻomaka hou ma hope o kēia manawa. Manaʻo pono ka poʻe automakers ua lawa kēia makahiki no kēlā me kēia kumu hoʻohālike, ʻoiai ma Rūsia a me kekahi mau ʻāina CIS ʻaʻole i loli kekahi mau hoʻololi a haʻalele i ka laina hui no kahi manawa lōʻihi.

Papa: ka koho ʻana i ka makahiki o ka hana ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona

Ka makahiki o ka hanaKoho (VIN hua'ōlelo 10)
20011
20022
20033
20044
20055
20066
20077
20088
20099
2010A
2011B
2012C
2013D
2014E
2015F
2016G
2017H
2018J
2019K
2020L
2021M
2022N
2023P
2024R
2025S
2026T
2027V
2028W
2029X
2030Y

Hōʻike ka ʻumikūmākahi ʻano i ka mea kanu o ka AG Volkswagen hopohopo, mai ka laina hui kahi i hele mai ai kēia kaʻa.

Papa: Wahi hui Volkswagen

HoʻonohonohoWahi hui VW
AIngolstadt / Kelemānia
BBrussels, Pelekiuma
CCCM-Tajpeh
DBarcelona / Sepania
DBratislava / Slovakia (Touareg)
EEmden / Kelemānia
GGraz / ʻAuseturia
GKaluga / Rusia
HHanover / Kelemānia
KOsnabrück / Kelemānia
MPueblo / Mekiko
NNeckar-Sulm / Kelemānia
PMosel / Kelemānia
RMartorell / Sepania
SSalzgitter / Kelemānia
TSarajevo / Bosnia
VWest Moreland / USA a me Palmela / Pokukala
WWolfsburg / Kelemānia
XPoznan / Polani
YBarcelona, ​​​​Pamplona / Sepania a hiki i 1991 komo, Pamplona /

Hōʻike ka helu 12 a hiki i ka 17 i ka helu serial o ke kaʻa.

Ma hea a pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke ʻike i ka mōʻaukala o kahi kaʻa ma ka code VIN

Makemake mau ka poʻe kūʻai aku i nā kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i ka ʻike me nā nuances āpau e pili ana i ka brand brand of interest. ʻO ka ʻike kikoʻī, me ka makahiki hoʻohālike, ka mālama ʻana, ka helu o nā mea nona, nā pōʻino a me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea kūʻai ʻae ʻia ma ke kumu uku.. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike piha ʻoi aku ma nā pūnaewele kūikawā e hāʻawi wale i ka ʻike kumu no ka manuahi: hana, hoʻohālike, makahiki o ka hana ʻana o ke kaʻa. No ka uku liʻiliʻi (i loko o ʻekolu haneli rubles), e hoʻolauna lākou i ka moʻolelo, me:

Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻike ma ka Pūnaewele a iā ʻoe iho, akā no kēia pono ʻoe e loaʻa i nā ʻikepili like ʻole: ka REP o nā mākaʻi kaʻa, nā lawelawe kaʻa, nā ʻinikua, nā panakō kalepa a me nā hui ʻē aʻe.

Video: kahi ʻike o nā lawelawe pūnaewele no ka nānā ʻana i nā code VIN kaʻa

Ka pilina ma waena o ka helu chassis a me ka code VIN

ʻO ka VIN o ke kaʻa kahi kumu hilinaʻi o ka ʻike i loaʻa nā kikoʻī he nui e pili ana i ke kaʻa. Manaʻo ʻia ke kino ke kumu nui o kahi kaʻa kaʻa, a hana ʻo AG Volkswagen i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā sedans, nā kaʻa kaʻa, nā mea hoʻololi, nā limousines, nā minivans a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano paʻa o nā kaʻa VW ma ke ʻano o kahi kino lawe ukana. Akā ʻaʻole like ka code VIN a me ka helu kino, a ʻokoʻa ko lākou kumu.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka helu VIN ma nā ʻāpana paʻa o ke kino, akā ma nā wahi like ʻole. ʻO ka helu kino ka ʻike a ka mea hana e pili ana i kāna hōʻailona a me kona ʻano, aia nā hua 8-12 o ka pīʻāpā Latin a me nā helu. Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike pololei mai nā papa kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ʻike o ka code VIN ma mua o ka helu kino, ʻo ia wale nō kahi ʻāpana o ka VIN.. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui nui o ka hui ʻana o nā leka a me nā helu ma ka ʻoihana makua, a hoʻohui wale ka mea hana i kāna ʻikepili i ka hopena o ka helu VIN, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kino o ke ʻano like.

ʻAʻole ia he coincidence i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa inoa ai i nā kaʻa, hoʻokomo wale ʻia ka code VIN, a ʻaʻohe mea hoihoi i ka helu kino.

Papa: kahi o nā helu ma nā kaʻa Volkswagen

inoa kaʻaVINIHelu kaʻaʻAno papa inoa
Ua hina auma ka paia hope

ʻāpana ʻenekini
Ma ke alo o ka ʻenekini,

kahi e kaawale ai ka poloka a me ke poo cylinder. No nā motika 37-, 40- a me 44-kilowatt, ua kīkē ʻia

paʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahu puka.
ʻO mua ma ka ʻoki

nā kī kī, pololei
Kaferma ke kino tunnel approx.

noho hope
Verto (с 1988)

Derby (mai ka makahiki 1982)

Santana (mai ka makahiki 1984)
Ma ke poʻo nui o ka ʻenekini

mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻohi wai i ka wehe ʻana o ka pale plastik
Carrado (c 1988 g.)Ma ke alo o ka ʻenekini,

ma kahi e kaʻawale ai ka poloka a me ke poʻo cylinder
Ma hope o ka helu ID,

i loko o ka pahu radiator
Scirocco (mai ka makahiki 1981)Ma ke alo o ka ʻenekini,

ma kahi e kaʻawale ai ka poloka a me ke poʻo cylinder
I loko o ka ʻenekini

ma ka pale mua o ka lālā kea laka
Kolepa II, Kolepa Syncro,

Jetta, Jetta Syncro (1981 г.)
Ma ke alo o ka ʻenekini,

kahi e kaawale ai ka poloka a me ke poo cylinder.

No nā motika 37-, 40- a me 44-kilowatt, ua kīkē ʻia

paʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pahu puka.
Ma ka ʻāpana ʻenekini ma ka ʻākau

ʻaoʻao, a i ʻole i ka pahu radiator
Polo - hatchback, coupe, sedan (mai ka makahiki 1981)Ma ke alo o ka ʻenekini,

ma kahi e kaʻawale ai ka poloka a me ke poʻo cylinder
Ma ka ʻili mua o ka pahu kī,

ma ka ʻākau, e pili ana i ka laka pelu

VW decoding laʻana

No ka ʻike pono ʻana i ka ʻikepili o kahi hiʻohiʻona kaʻa Volkswagen, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā papa kūikawā no ka decoding i kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka manaʻo o ka AG VW e hana i nā laina hiʻohiʻona o nā hōʻailona he nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua māhele ʻia i nā hanauna. I ʻole e huikau i ke kai o ka ʻike, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā papa kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia leka. Eia kahi laʻana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka code VIN ma hope no kahi kaʻa Volkswagen.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka hoʻonohonoho piha e ka code VIN

Inā makemake ʻoe i ka ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ke kaʻa - ʻano ʻenekini, hoʻoili, kaʻa, kala, ʻano hana a me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe - hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā lākou mai ka waihona mea kūʻai aku ma ke komo ʻana i ka helu serial o ke kaʻa (helu 12 a 17 o ka code VIN. ) a i ʻole ma nā lawelawe pūnaewele kūikawā.

Ma waho aʻe o ka waihona, hoʻopili ka automaker i nā koho lako me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā code PR kūikawā. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou ma nā mea hoʻopaʻa i loko o ka pahu o ke kaʻa a ma ka puke lawelawe. Aia i kēlā me kēia code kekahi pūʻulu o nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o kahi palapala i loaʻa i ʻekolu a ʻoi aku paha nā huaʻōlelo (kahi hui o nā leka Latin a me nā helu). I loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka AG Volkswagen hopohopo, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka nui o nā koho coded i hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi i kahi papa inoa piha o lākou. Aia nā lawelawe pūnaewele kūikawā ma ka Pūnaewele kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i kahi transcript o kekahi code PR.

Video: hoʻoholo i ka hoʻonohonoho kaʻa ma kāna code VIN

He laʻana no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke code pena VW ma ka code VIN

Inā pono ʻoe e hoʻopā i kahi ʻāpana kino i poino, pono ʻoe i kahi code pena. No kahi kaʻa Volkswagen hou, hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kala o ka pena pena ma ke code VIN (hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka ʻike e ka mea kūʻai aku ʻae).

Eia kekahi, aia ka code pena i loko o ka PR code, aia ma kahi sticker i waiho ʻia i loko o ka puke lawelawe a me ka pahu: kokoke i ka huila kaʻawale, ma lalo o ka papahele a i ʻole ma hope o ka ʻoki ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ke code pena kikoʻī e ka scanner kamepiula inā, no ka laʻana, lawe ʻia kahi pāpale hoʻopihapiha.

ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā VIN a me nā code PR i hiki ke hoʻopili i nā terabytes o ka ʻike e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kaʻa. mai ka makahiki 1980. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi piliona mau kaʻa e holo ana ma nā alanui o ko mākou honua, no laila pono e hana i kahi ala e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻikepili e hiki ai iā mākou ke huikau me ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa a hoʻonui i ka pae o ka pale i ka ʻaihue. Ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā helu wale nō, i hana ʻia e nā "mea hana" me ka pololei ʻole. I kēia lā, mālama ʻia nā ʻikepili ma nā kikowaena kūikawā, a aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻopunipuni i kahi kamepiula.

Pākuʻi i ka manaʻo hoʻopuka