Volkswagen Santana: kükohu mōʻaukala, hoʻokani, hōʻike manaʻo nona
Nā mea
ʻO Volkswagen Santana, i hānau ʻia ma Kelemānia, ua hiki iā ia ke lanakila ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka honua me ka wikiwiki. Ma nā ʻāina like ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma lalo o nā inoa like ʻole, akā hoʻokahi mea i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia - ʻo ke ʻano Kelemania. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i hele ai ke kaʻa i nā hanana hou - ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻole i ka Volkswagen Santana.
Nānā o ka laula
ʻO Volkswagen Santana ke kaikaina o ka lua o ka hanauna Passat (B2). Ua hōʻike mua ʻia ke kaʻa i ka lehulehu i ka makahiki 1981, a i ka makahiki 1984 i hoʻomaka ai kāna hana nui.
ʻO ke kaʻa i manaʻo nui ʻia no ka mākeke ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAsia. He mea nui ia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole i loaʻa iā ia nā inoa like ʻole. No laila, ma USA a me Kanada ua kapa ʻia ʻo Quantum, ma Mexico - ʻo Corsar, ma Argentina - Carat, a ma Brazil wale nō a me kekahi mau ʻāina ma ʻAmelika Hema i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia e like me Volkswagen Santana. A hiki i ka makahiki 1985, aia ka inoa o ia inoa ma ʻEulopa, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻia e haʻalele iā ia no ka Passat.
Volkswagen Santana (Kina)
Ma Kina, ua loa'a 'o "Santana" i ka mea kaulana loa, a ua wikiwiki loa ia: i ka makahiki 1983, ua ho'ākoakoa 'ia ka ka'a mua ma 'ane'i, a i ka makahiki 1984, ua ho'okumu 'ia kahi hui German-Chinese, Shanghai Volkswagen Automotive.
I ka hoʻomaka, ua hana ʻia ka sedan unpretentious me kahi ʻenekini 1,6-lita; mai ka makahiki 1987, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka laina o nā mīkini me kahi ʻāpana 1,8-lita, a me ka ʻaila. Ua hana like ia mau kaʻa me ka pahu pahu pahu ʻehā. ʻO nā kaʻa me ka mīkini 1,6-lita ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hilinaʻi a me ka hana, a no laila makemake nui i nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa. I kēia mau hoʻololi, ua loaʻa ke kaʻa a hiki i 2006.
ʻOiai ka mamao loa mai ka ʻāina hānau Kelemania, kahi i hana ʻia ai nā hana mana ʻenehana a pau o ia manawa, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka Chinese Santanas i nā mea hou, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Bosch electronic injection system a me ABS me ka hoʻoili uila uila.
I ka makahiki 1991, ua hōʻea ʻo Santana 2000 i Kina, a ua hoʻomaka ka hana nui ma 1995. Ma kahi o ka manawa like, hiki ʻo ia i Brazil. ʻO ka "Santana" Kina mai ka "kaikuahine" Brazilian i ʻike ʻia e ka lōʻihi - 2 mm - wheelbase.
I ka makahiki 2004, ua ʻike ʻia ka Santana 3000. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻa mai kona mau mua e nā laina maʻalahi maʻamau; i ka manawa like, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka ʻaoʻao hope - ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu; puka mai ka puka. Ua loaʻa mua ke kaʻa me nā ʻenekini 1,6 a me 1,8 lita; i ka makahiki 2006, ua puka mai he lua-lita.
I ka 2008, "Santana" "reincarnated" i loko o ka Volkswagen Vista - hiki ke ike ia e ka mesh grille, chrome moldings a me taillights me ka poepoe ano mea.
Papa: Nā kikoʻī o Volkswagen Santana no Kina
| Santana | Santana 2000 | Santana 3000 | nānaina | |
| Keʻano kino | 4-puka sedan | |||
| ʻO ke kaʻa | 4-paʻi, SOHC | |||
| L mm mm | 4546 | 4680 | 4687 | 4687 |
| Pahu mm | 1690 | 1700 | 1700 | 1700 |
| He kiʻekiʻe, mm | 1427 | 1423 | 1450 | 1450 |
| Kaona, kg | 1030 | 1120 | 1220-1248 | 1210 |
Nissan Santana (Iapana)
I Iapana, ua loaʻa i ka German automaker kahi hoaaloha hilinaʻi i ke kanaka o ka pelekikena o Nissan, Takashi Ishihara, a ma 1984 ua hoʻomaka ka ʻāina mokupuni i ka hana ʻana o ka Santana, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka brand Nissan. Ua loaʻa ʻo Nissan Santana me ʻekolu mau koho ʻenekini - 1,8 a me 2,0 petrol, e hana ana i 100 a me 110 hp. i kēlā me kēia, a me ka 1,6 turbodiesel me 72 hp. Ua hana nā ʻenekini a pau me ka "mechanics" ʻelima-wikiwiki, a ua loaʻa kahi "akomi" ʻekolu-wikiwiki no nā ʻāpana ʻaila.
Ma waho, ua ʻike ʻia ka Japanese "Santana" e kahi grille kūikawā a me nā kukui. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka Nissan Santana he 5mm ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kāna mau hoa Kelemania e pale aku i ka ʻauhau Iapana ma nā kaʻa ma luna o 1690mm ākea.
I Mei 1985, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mana Autobahn o ka Xi5 i ka lineup, loaʻa nā noho haʻuki, nā sunroofs a me nā huila huila 14 ". I Ianuali 1987, ua hana ʻia kahi facelift, no laila ua loaʻa ʻo Santana i nā bumpers nui.
Ua ho'ōki ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa Nissan Santana ma Iapana i ka makahiki 1991 - ua "hoʻololi" ʻo Nissan me Toyota.
Volkswagen Santana (Palakila)
Ua hōʻea ke kaʻa Kelemania i Brazil i ka makahiki 1984. Maanei ua hōʻike ʻia i ka nui o nā hoʻololi - he sedan me ʻehā a ʻelua mau puka, a me kahi kaʻa kaʻa Quantum station. Ua lako ʻia ʻo Brazilian Santanas me nā ʻenekini 1,8 a i ʻole 2 lita i hiki ke holo ma luna o ka ʻaila a i ʻole ethanol (!). I ka wā mua, ua hui pū ʻia nā mana mana āpau me kahi pahu pahu manual ʻehā-wikiwiki; mai ka makahiki 1987, ua loaʻa nā hoʻololi me kahi pahu pahu lima-wikiwiki.
Papa: Volkswagen Santana kiko'ī no Brazil
| L mm mm | 4600 |
| Pahu mm | 1700 |
| He kiʻekiʻe, mm | 1420 |
| Maʻa wili mm | 2550 |
| Kaona, kg | 1160 |
I ka makahiki 1991, ua hoʻokumu ka māhele Brazilian o Volkswagen i kahi hui pū me Ford. Eia naʻe, ma kahi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi pani hou radical no ka Passat (B2), ua hoʻoholo ʻia e lawe i ke ala o ka liʻiliʻi kūʻē a kūkulu hou i ka Santana. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ke kino, ka laina kumu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hiki ai i ke kaʻa ke loaʻa i kahi hiʻohiʻona hou. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka Santana hou ma Brazil ʻo Ford Versailles a ʻo Ford Galaxy ma Argentina.
Ua hoʻemi hope ʻia ka hana ʻana o "Santana" ma Brazil i ka makahiki 2002.
Volkswagen Corsar (Mekiko)
ʻO Santana, ka mea i loaʻa ka inoa ʻo Corsair ma ka ʻāina hānau hou, ua hōʻea i ka mākeke Mekiko i ka makahiki 1984. Ma Mekiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka Corsair e lilo i mea kūʻai maikaʻi loa a hoʻokūkū ʻaʻole me nā hiʻohiʻona waena, akā me ka nani e like me Chrysler LeBaron "K", Chevrolet Celebrity, Ford Grand Marquis.
Ua lako ʻia ka Corsair me kahi mīkini 1,8-lita me 85 hp, i hui pū ʻia me ka hoʻoili lima ʻehā-wikiwiki. Ma waho, ʻoi aku ka like o ka "Mexican" i kona hoa Europa ma mua o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻAmelika. Ma waho, ua ho'ohanohano 'ia ka "Corsair" e nā kukui huinaha 'ehā, huila huila 13-inihi; Ua uhi ʻia ka loko i ka velor uliuli a hina paha; aia he cassette player, alarm system, power steering.
I ka makahiki 1986, ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka Corsair - ua hoʻololi ʻia ka grille radiator, nā aniani uila a me ka ʻili ʻeleʻele i loaʻa i kahi koho. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻenehana, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi mīkini lima wikiwiki.
I ka makahiki 1988, ua hooki ka hana ana o "Corsairs" ma Mekiko me ka hookui ana o ka hana ana o ka "Santana" model ma Europa. Eia naʻe, ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Latin e hauʻoli mau ka poʻe i ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka Corsair, me ka ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole kēia he hilinaʻi wale nō, akā he kaʻa kūlana.
Volkswagen Carat (Argentina)
Ua loaʻa iā Santana kahi incarnation hou ma Argentina, kahi i hōʻea ai i 1987; ma ʻaneʻi ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Karat". Maʻaneʻi, e like me ka hapa nui o nā mākeke ʻAmelika, ua hoʻolako ʻia me kahi mīkini ʻaila 1,8 a 2-lita paha, i hui pū ʻia me ka "mechanics" ʻelima. ʻO nā mea hou o ka ʻenehana, ua loaʻa i ka Karat kahi hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa mua, air conditioning, nā puka makani mana. Eia naʻe, ua pau ka hana kaʻa ma Argentina i ka makahiki 1991.
Papa: nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻololi Volkswagen Santana (Carat) no Argentina
| ʻEnekini 1,8 l | ʻEnekini 2,0 l | |
| Mana, h.p. | 96 | 100 |
| Hoʻohana wahie, l no 100 km | 10 | 11,2 |
| Max. wikiwiki, km / h | 168 | 171 |
| L mm mm | 4527 | |
| Pahu mm | 1708 | |
| He kiʻekiʻe, mm | 1395 | |
| Maʻa wili mm | 2550 | |
| Kaona, kg | 1081 | |
Santana Hou
ʻOkakopa 29, 2012 ma Wolfsburg, Kelemānia, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka Volkswagen New Santana, i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka mākeke Kina a ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻokūkū me Skoda Rapid, Seat Toledo a me Volkswagen Jetta.
ʻO Silhouette, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kumu, ʻo ka "Santana" hou e like me ka "Skoda Rapid". Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka loko o ka "Santana" hou e ka hoʻolālā noʻonoʻo a me nā ergonomics. Eia kekahi, i loko o ke kumu, aia nā airbags i ke kaʻa, ʻaʻole i mua wale nō, akā ma nā ʻaoʻao hoʻi, ka ea ea a me nā ʻike kaʻa.
Loaʻa ka "Santana" hou me nā koho ʻelua no nā mīkini ʻaila - 1,4 a me 1,6 lita, mana - 90 a me 110 hp. pakahi. He mea pono e ho'ohana i ka mīkini'ōpiopio i ka 5,9 lita o ka wahie no 100 km ma ke'ano hui like'ole, a'o ka mea kahiko - 6 lita. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea ʻelua me ka hoʻoili lima wikiwiki ʻelima.
Hoʻokani Volkswagen Santana
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻāpana ʻāpana pololei no Volkswagen Santana ma ka mākeke Lūkini - nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa wale nō mai ka parsing. "Santana", e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, "nā mahiʻai hui", e hoʻohana ana no kēia kumu i nā ʻāpana kūpono mai ke kolu o "Golf" a i ʻole "Passat" (B3).
ʻO ka koho hoʻokani maʻamau he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o nā puna wai hoʻomaha he 15 tausani rubles. Ma ke kaʻa hoʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i nā mea hao, ʻelua exhaust, "makaaniani" ma nā kukui mua.
Video: hoʻokani "Volkswagen Santana"
Ke hilinaʻi nei ka poʻe connoisseurs i ka hoʻokani retro, e hoʻonui ana paha i ke kiʻi o ke kaʻa me nā chrome moldings, etc.
No ka "Santana" hou he nui nā koho hoʻokani - ʻo ia nā "maka maka" ma nā kukui, kahi ea ea ma ka puʻupuʻu, nā kukui taillights a me nā aniani, a me nā mea hou aku.
Ka helu helu
Ma Rusia, ua noho nui ka "Santana" kahiko ma nā kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi. I ka hoʻomaka, he kaʻa ʻokoʻa loa, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ʻo Santana ma nā kahua kūʻai kaʻa nui - mai Ianuali 2018, kūʻai wale ʻia ka hapalua o kēia mau kaʻa ma ka ʻāina. Kumukuai maʻamau no ke kaʻa 1982–1984 me ka mileage o 150 a 250 tausani km - ma kahi o 30-50 tausani rubles. He mea pono ke holo ka hapa nui o na kaa.
Ka pane o ka mea kūʻai
ʻO ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka "Santans" kahiko i ʻike ʻia e nā inoa inoa i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea nona lākou ma Drive2 - "tube sluggish", "peppy Fritz", "workhorse", "peppy old man", "help assistant".
ʻO "Santanas", ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hoʻoili ʻia e ko lākou mau mea nona a i ʻole nā hoa pili i "ulu" mai ia mau mīkini, a i kūʻai ʻia no ka hoʻihoʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea nona nā kaʻa kaʻa me ka nele o nā ʻāpana. I kekahi manawa hoʻokahi "Santana" ma ka hele ʻana he ʻekolu mau kaʻa hāʻawi. He lōʻihi loa ke kino o ka Santana, hiki ke pale i ka corrosion, he waiwai lōʻihi ka mīkini - nui nā kaʻa e holo a puni ka ʻāina e like me ko lākou puka ʻana mai ka laina hui.
ʻAʻole i hāʻule, kūʻai ʻia ma hope o ka nele. Ua hana hou ʻia ka carburetor ma ka VAZ mai ka ʻewalu. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ke kino, ua like ia me ka zinc, akā aia nā pilikia me nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa i ka helehelena.
Lio maikaʻi a ʻoiaʻiʻo) Mai hoʻokuʻu i ke alanui, holo mālie i kahi lōʻihi. Ina nahaha ma kahi kokoke i ka hale) A pela no ia e holo ai ma ka awelika o 25 kilomita i ka makahiki.
Ua kūʻai au i kēia kaʻa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ma kahi o Iune 2015. Lawe ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana. ʻO ka manaʻo kumu, ʻo ia ka hana maʻamau, akā ua hānau hou ʻia i loko o kahi haʻuki. ʻOluʻolu ka ʻenekini, byry a frisky. Aia ke kino i ke kūlana maikaʻi.
He kaʻa ʻo Volkswagen Santana, ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau makahiki o ka hana ʻana ma nā ʻāina like ʻole a ʻaʻole paha i loko o nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, ua hōʻoia ʻo ia he mea hana maoli. He koho maikaʻi ʻo Santana no ka ʻoihana a no ka ʻuhane: hiki i kahi kaʻa makahiki ke holo maʻalahi ma nā alanui no nā makahiki he ʻumi, a inā ʻoe e hoʻokomo i ke aloha a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka Santana, loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kaʻa retro kūʻokoʻa. ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohuli ai i ka manaʻo a e ʻoluʻolu i ka maka o ka mea hoʻokele koi loa.
