ʻO ka ʻaila sulphated lehu. He aha ka hopena o kēia hoʻonohonoho?

ʻO ka manaʻo o ka ʻona o ka lehu sulfate a me ka gradation o nā aila e like me kēia ʻāpana

ʻO ka lehu sulphated ka pākēneka o ka nui o ka nui o ka lubricant o nā ʻano mea like ʻole paʻa a me nā pūhui inorganic i hana ʻia ma hope o ka puhi ʻana i ka ʻaila. ʻO ia ka mea i manaʻo pinepine ʻia i kēia lā, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka lehu i manaʻo ʻia i ke aʻo ʻana i nā lubricants.

ʻO ka Sulfate, ma ka wehewehe ʻana, he paʻakai o ka ʻakika sulfuric, he pūhui kemika i loaʻa i loko o kona haku ka anion -SO₄. ʻO kēia ʻāpana o ka inoa mai ke ʻano o ka helu ʻana i ka lehu i loko o ka aila kaʻa.

Hoʻopau ʻia ka lubricant i hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka ʻike lehu ma lalo o nā kūlana laboratories i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (e pili ana i 775 ° C) a hiki i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi ʻāpana homogeneous paʻa, a laila mālama ʻia me ka sulfuric acid. Hoʻopili hou ʻia ka waiwai multicomponent a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka emi ʻana. ʻO kēia koena ka lehu i hiki ʻole ke puhi ʻia a noho i loko o ka ʻenekini a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopau. Hoʻopili ʻia kona nuipaʻa me ka nuipa mua o ka prototype a ua helu ʻia ka pākēneka, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ke ana o ka maʻiʻo sulfate lehu.

ʻO ka ʻaila sulphated lehu ka mea maʻamau he hōʻailona o ka nui o ka antiwear, ke kaomi nui a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. I ka wā mua, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehu o kahi waihona aila maʻemaʻe, e pili ana i ke ʻano o kona kumu, ʻaʻole ma mua o 0,005%. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻokahi lita o ka aila no ka 1 mg wale nō o ka lehu.

Ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana me nā mea hoʻohui i loaʻa i ka calcium, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, molybdenum a me nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe, piʻi nui ka lehu sulfate o ka aila. ʻO kona hiki ke hana i nā ʻāpana lehu paʻa paʻa ʻole i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe wela.

I kēia lā, hāʻawi ka ACEA classification no ʻekolu mau ʻāpana o nā lubricants e pili ana i ka ʻike lehu:

• Full Saps (full-ash lubricants) - ʻo ka ʻike o ka lehu sulfated he 1-1,1% o ka nui o ka nui o ka aila.
• Mid Saps (medium ash aila) - no nā huahana me kēia hoʻolālā, ʻo ka pākēneka o ka lehu ma waena o 0,6 a me 0,9%.
• Nā Saps Haʻahaʻa (lubricants haʻahaʻa lehu) - emi ka lehu ma mua o 0,5%.

Aia kahi kuʻikahi honua e like me ka nui o ka lehu i loko o nā aila hou e pono ʻole ma mua o 2%.

He aha ka hopena o ka lehu sulfate?

Hōʻike ka nui o ka lehu sulfate i kahi pūʻolo waiwai o nā mea hoʻohui. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā aila me ka lehu kiʻekiʻe i ka detergent (calcium), antiwear a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe (zinc-phosphorus) additives. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka ʻaila i hoʻonui ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui, ua like nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau (ʻo ke kumu hoʻokahi, nā kūlana hana like, nā wā hoʻololi like), e ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi o ka ʻenekini i nā ukana kiʻekiʻe ma luna.

Hoʻoholo pololei ka lehu sulphated i ka nui o nā ʻāpana lehu paʻa i hana ʻia i loko o ka mīkini. ʻAʻole e huikau me ka waiho ʻana o ka soot. ʻAʻole like me ka lehu, hiki ke puhi ʻia ka soot i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Lehu - ʻaʻole.

ʻOi aku ka hopena o ka lehu ma luna o nā waiwai pale a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe o ka ʻaila ʻenekini. Hoʻopili pololei ʻia kēia ʻano i kekahi ʻano loiloi koʻikoʻi no nā aila kaʻa: helu kumu.

He aha ka aila lehu mea maikaʻi loa no ka ʻenekini?

ʻO ka lehu sulphated kahi ʻano pohihihi o ka ʻaila ʻenekini. A ʻo ka ʻike ʻana he mea maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole wale nō ʻaʻole hiki.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lehu sulfate e alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

1. Hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lehu paʻa ʻole i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ka pahu hoʻopau, e hoʻopilikia ʻino i ke ola o ka kānana particulate a i ʻole catalyst. Hiki i ka kānana particulate ke puhi me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā carbon oxides, ka wai a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe wale nō ka carbon soot. Noho pinepine ka lehu organik paʻa ma nā paia o ka kānana particulate a paʻa paʻa ma laila. Hoʻemi ʻia ka wahi pono o ka waihona kānana. A i kekahi lā e hāʻule wale ʻia inā e ninini ʻia ka ʻaila me ka lehu kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka mīkini. ʻIke ʻia kahi kūlana like me ka catalyst. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kāna clogging rate ma mua o kahi kānana particulate.
2. Hoʻopaʻa kalapona wikiwiki ʻia ma nā piston, nā apo a me nā pahu kukui. ʻO ka coking o nā apo a me nā pistons pili pono i ka nui o ka lehu i loko o ka ʻaila. ʻO nā lubricants haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻalele i ka lehu he mau manawa ma hope o ka pau ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā waihona lehu paʻa ma nā ihoiho e alakaʻi i ka ʻālohilohi ʻana (ka hoʻā ʻana o ka wahie i loko o nā cylinders ʻaʻole mai kahi kukui o ke kukui, akā mai ka lehu wela).

3. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻenekini wikiwiki. He hopena abrasive ka lehu. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka waiwai ʻenekini ma kekahi ʻano: ʻaneʻane lele loa ia i ka paipu hoʻopau me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino i ka hui piston. Eia nō naʻe, i nā kūlana kahi e lawe ai ka ʻenekini i ka aila no ka ʻōpala, a i ka manawa like e hana ana ka ʻōnaehana USR, e kaapuni ka lehu abrasive ma waena o nā keʻena puhi. Wehe mālie akā ʻoiaʻiʻo ka wehe ʻana i nā metala mai nā cylinders a me nā apo piston.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēia: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻino. Akā no nā ʻenekini hou o nā papa EURO-5 a me EURO-6, i hoʻolako ʻia me nā kānana particulate a me nā catalysts, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehu kiʻekiʻe e alakaʻi i ka lole wikiwiki o kēia mau ʻāpana kaʻa. No ka ecology, penei ke au: ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka lehu, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka haumia o ke kaiapuni.

He aha ka ʻaila lehu haʻahaʻa a no ke aha e pono ai i ka moto?