ʻO Skoda

ʻIke moʻolelo o SkodaLogoOwners a managementModels1. Nā manaʻo Skoda2. HistoricModern ModelsNīnau a me nā pane: ʻO Skoda kekahi o nā hōʻailona kaulana loa o ka honua, e hana ana i nā kaʻa kaʻa a me nā crossovers waena. Aia ke keʻena nui o ka hui ma Mladá Boleslav, Czech Republic. A hiki i ka makahiki 1991, he hui ʻoihana ka hui, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1925, a hiki i kēlā manawa he hale liʻiliʻi ʻo Laurin & Klement. I kēia lā he ʻāpana ia o VAG (ʻike ʻia nā kikoʻī hou aku e pili ana i ka hui ma kahi loiloi kaʻawale). Moʻolelo o Skoda ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka mea hana kaʻa kaulana i ka honua he moʻolelo hoihoi. Ua pau ke kenekulia ʻeiwa. Ke kūʻai aku nei ka mea kūʻai puke puke Czech ʻo Vláclav Klement i kahi kaʻa kaʻa ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu ua loaʻa nā pilikia me ka huahana, kahi i hōʻole ʻia e ka mea hana. I mea e "hoʻopaʻi" ai i ka mea hana hewa ʻole, ʻo Vlaclav, me kona inoa, ʻo Laurin (he mīkini kaulana ʻo ia ma ia wahi, a he mea kūʻai pinepine ʻo Clement's bookshop), hoʻonohonoho i kahi hana liʻiliʻi o kā lākou mau kaʻa. He hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa iki kā lākou huahana a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi ma mua o nā mea i kūʻai ʻia e ko lākou mea hoʻokūkū. Eia kekahi, ua hāʻawi nā hoa i kahi palapala hōʻoia piha no kā lākou huahana me ka hoʻoponopono manuahi inā pono. Ua kapa ʻia ka hale hana ʻo Laurin & Klement a ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1895. Ua puka mai nā keke Slavia mai ka hale kūʻai hui. I loko o ʻelua makahiki wale nō, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hana a hiki i kahi hui liʻiliʻi ke kūʻai i ʻāina a kūkulu i kāna hale hana ponoʻī. ʻO kēia nā mile nui o ka mea hana, a laila komo i ka mākeke kaʻa honua. 1899 - Hoʻonui ka ʻoihana i ka hana, hoʻomaka e hoʻomohala i kāna mau motika ponoʻī, akā me nā hoʻolālā no ka hana kaʻa. 1905 - Hōʻike ʻia ka kaʻa Czech mua, akā ua hana ʻia ma lalo o ka L&K brand. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike mua i kapa ʻia ʻo Voiturette. Ma ke kumu, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano kaʻa ʻē aʻe, me nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa. Ua lako ʻia kēia kaʻa me nā ʻenekini V-like no ʻelua mau pahu. Ua hoʻoluʻu wai kēlā me kēia ʻenekini. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike no ka hoʻokūkū kaʻa ma Austria, kahi i lanakila ai ka papa kaʻa alanui. 1906 - ua loaʻa i ka Voiturette kahi ʻenekini 4-paukū, a ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope mai hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia i ke kaʻa me ka ICE 8-cylinder. 1907 - I mea e huki ai i ke kālā hou, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻololi i ke kūlana o ka hui mai kahi hui pilikino i kahi hui hui. Hoʻonuiʻia ka hanaʻana ma muli o ka kaulana o nā kaʻa i hanaʻia. Ua hauʻoli lākou i ka holomua ma nā hoʻokūkū kaʻa. Ua hōʻike nā kaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi, mahalo i hiki i ka brand ke komo i nā hoʻokūkū honua. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kūleʻa i ʻike ʻia i kēlā manawa ʻo ia ka F. 'O ka hi'ohi'ona o ke ka'a 'o ia ka nui o ka engine he 2,4 lita, a hiki i kona mana i 21 horsepower. ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻāla me nā ihoiho i hana ʻia mai ka pulse voltage kiʻekiʻe i manaʻo ʻia he kūʻokoʻa ia manawa. Ma muli o kēia hoʻohālike, ua hana ʻia kekahi mau hoʻololi, no ka laʻana, kahi omnibus, a i ʻole kahi kaʻa liʻiliʻi. 1908 Pau ka hana kaʻa kaʻa. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mīkini ʻelua-cylinder hope loa. Loaʻa i nā ʻano hoʻohālike ʻē aʻe he ʻenekini 4-cylinder. 1911 - Hoʻomaka o ka hana o ke Model S, i loaʻa i ʻenekini horsepower he 14. 1912 - lawe ka hui i ka mea hana mai Reichenberg (Liberec i kēia manawa) - RAF. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa, ua hana ka hui i ka hana ʻana i nā mīkini maʻamau, nā mokulele mokulele, nā ʻenekini hoʻoheheʻe kūloko me nā plungers a me nā kīwaha ʻole, nā lako kūikawā (rollers) a me nā mīkini mahiʻai (plows me nā kaʻa). 1914 - e like me ka hapa nui o nā mea hana mechanical, ua hoʻolālā hou ʻia ka hui Czech no nā pono koa o ka ʻāina. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana o Austria-Hungary, hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana e ʻike i nā pilikia kālā. ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ua pau nā mea kūʻai maʻamau ma mua i waho, kahi mea paʻakikī ke kūʻai aku i nā huahana. 1924 - ua pōʻino loa ka mea kanu e ke ahi nui loa, kahi i pau ai nā mea hana a pau. ʻAʻole i hala ʻeono mahina ma hope o ka hoʻi hou ʻana o ka ʻoihana mai ka pōʻino, akā ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻopakele iā ia mai ka emi ʻana o ka hana. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻokūkū mai nā mea hana hale - Tatra a me Praga. Pono ka brand e hoʻomohala i nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa hou. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻoihana ke hoʻokō i kēia hana ma kāna iho, no laila e hana ʻia kahi hoʻoholo koʻikoʻi i ka makahiki aʻe. 1925 - Ua lilo ʻo K&L SA i ʻāpana o ka hopohopo Czech SA Škoda Automobile Works ma Pilsen (ʻo Škoda Holding i kēia manawa). Hoʻomaka i kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka ka hale kaʻa e hana i nā kaʻa ma lalo o ka brand Skoda. I kēia manawa aia ke keʻena nui ma Prague, a aia ka mea kanu nui ma Pilsen. 1930 - Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hale hana ʻo Boleslav i ASAP (hui hui hui o ka ʻoihana kaʻa). 1930 - Hōʻike ʻia ka laina hou o nā kaʻa, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi kiʻi fork-spine hou. Ua uku ʻia kēia hoʻomohala ʻana no ka nele o ka torsional rigidity o nā hiʻohiʻona mua. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau kaʻa he hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa. 1933 - hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka 420 Standart. Ma muli o ke kaʻa i lilo i 350 kg. ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o kona mua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu e hoʻokele, ua loaʻa ka kaulana kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope mai, ua kapa ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike ʻo Popular. 1934 - Hoʻokomo ʻia ka Superb hou. 1935 - Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka pae Rapid. 1936 - ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi laina hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe punahele. Ma muli o kēia mau hoʻololi ʻehā, ke neʻe nei ka hui i kahi kūlana alakaʻi ma waena o nā mea hana kaʻa ma Czechoslovakia. 1939-1945 ua hoʻololi loa ka hui i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kauoha koa no ka Third Reich. I ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ma kahi o 70 ka nui o ka mana hana o ka brand i luku ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua. 1945-1960 - Ua lilo ʻo Czechoslovakia i ʻāina socialist, a ua loaʻa iā Skoda kahi kūlana alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa. I ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kūleʻa, e like me Felicia, Tudor (1200), Octavia a me Spartak. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā 1960s i hōʻailona ʻia e kahi lag nui ma hope o nā hoʻomohala honua, akā naʻe, mahalo i ke kumukūʻai kālā, ke hoʻomau nei nā kaʻa i ke koi ʻaʻole wale ma ʻEulopa. Aia kekahi mau SUV maikaʻi no New Zealand - Trekka, a no Pakistan - Skopak. 1987 - hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o ka hiʻohiʻona punahele hou, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻailona e hāʻule. ʻO nā hoʻololi politika a me nā hoʻopukapuka nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hou i koi ai i ka hoʻokele brand e ʻimi i nā hoa ʻē aʻe i mea e huki hou ai i ka hoʻopukapuka. 1990 - ua koho ʻia ka manaʻo VAG ma ke ʻano he hoa pili pono. A hiki i ka hopena o 1995, loaʻa i ka hui makua he 70% o nā ʻāpana o ka brand. I ka makahiki 2000, ua hala loa ka hui ma lalo o ka mana o ka hopohopo, ke kūʻai ʻia ke koena o nā ʻāpana. 1996 - Loaʻa i ka Octavia kekahi mau mea hou, ʻo ka mea nui loa he kahua i kūkulu ʻia e Volkswagen. Mahalo i ka nui o nā hoʻololi e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano ʻenehana o nā huahana, loaʻa nā mīkini o ka mea hana Czech i kahi inoa no ka inexpensive, akā me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻAe kēia i ka brand e hana i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua hoihoi. 1997-2001, kekahi o nā hoʻohālikelike hoʻokolohua, ka Felicia Fun, i hana ʻia, i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino o kahi kaʻa ukali a me ke kala ʻulaʻula. 2016 - ua ʻike ka honua o nā kaʻa kaʻa i ka hele mua mai Skoda - Kodiaq. 2017 - hoʻolauna ka hui i ka crossover compact hou Karoq. Hoʻolaha ke aupuni brand i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hoʻolālā ʻoihana, ʻo ia ka pahuhopu e hoʻomaka i ka hana ʻana o ʻekolu mau kakini hou e 2022. E komo pū kēia mau mea he 10 hybrids a me nā kaʻa uila piha. 2017 - ma ka hōʻike kaʻa ma Shanghai, hōʻike ka brand i ka prototype mua o kahi kaʻa uila ma hope o kahi coupe papa SUV - Vision. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu hoʻohālike ma ka VAG platform MEB. 2018 - hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kaʻa kaʻa ʻohana Scala ma nā hōʻike auto. 2019 - ua hoʻolauna ka hui i ka Kamiq subcompact crossover. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kaʻa uila kūloko o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Citigo-e iV. Hoʻololi hapa ʻia kekahi mau hale hana no ka hana ʻana i nā paila e like me ka ʻenehana o ka hopohopo VAG. Logo I loko o ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻololi ka hui i ka hōʻailona ma lalo o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i kāna huahana i nā manawa he nui: 1895-1905 - ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona mua o nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa i hoʻohana i ka hōʻailona Slavia, i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka huila kaʻa me nā lau linden i loko. 1905-25 - ua hoʻololi ʻia ka logo lepa i L&K, i hoʻonoho ʻia i loko o ke apo a puni i hana ʻia i nā lau linden like. 1926-33 - ua hoʻololi ʻia ka inoa inoa iā Skoda, i hōʻike koke ʻia i ka logo ʻoihana. I kēia manawa ua kau ʻia ka inoa o ka brand i kahi oval me kahi palena e like me ka mana o mua. 1926-90 - ma ka like, ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hui, ʻike ʻia kahi silhouette pohihihi, e like me ka pua lele me nā ʻēheu manu. A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike maopopo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ia kiʻi kiʻi wale nō, akā ua ʻike ʻia ia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Wahi a kekahi manaʻo, i ka wā e hele ana i ʻAmelika, ua hele mau ʻo Emil Skoda me kahi India, nona ka ʻaoʻao no nā makahiki he nui ma nā kiʻi ma nā keʻena o ka hoʻokele o ka hui. ʻO kahi pua lele e kū ana i ke kua o kēia silhouette i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ʻenehana kūpono i nā huahana o ka brand. 1999-2011 - ʻo ke ʻano kumu o ka logo e mau ana, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu wale nō ke hoʻololi a lilo ke kiʻi i voluminous. Hōʻike nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻoluʻolu o nā huahana. 2011 - loaʻa hou kahi hōʻailona o ka hōʻailona. Ua keʻokeʻo ke kua i kēia manawa, e hōʻike ana i ka silhouette o ka pua lele, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka neʻe ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka halihali maʻemaʻe. Nā mea nona a me ka hoʻokele I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, he hana pilikino ka brand K&L. ʻO ka manawa i loaʻa ai i ka hui ʻelua mau mea nona (Klement a me Laurin) ʻo 1895-1907. I ka makahiki 1907, ua loaʻa i ka hui ke kūlana o kahi hui hui. Ma ke ʻano he JSC, aia ka brand a hiki i 1925. A laila ua hui pū ʻia me ka hui hui hui Czech o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, nona ka inoa ʻo Skoda. Ua lilo kēia hopohopo i mea nona ka ʻoihana liʻiliʻi. I ka 90s mua o ke kenekulia XX, hoʻomaka ka hui e neʻe mālie ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka Volkswagen Group. Lilo mālie ka hoa hana nona ka brand. Loaʻa iā Skoda VAG nā kuleana piha i nā ʻenehana a me nā mana hana o ka mea hana kaʻa ma 2000. Nā Hoʻohālike Eia ka papa inoa o nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole i ʻōwili ʻia mai ka laina hui o ka mea hana kaʻa. 1. Skoda mua 1949 - 973 Beta; 1958 – 1100 ʻAno 968; 1964 – F3; 1967-72 – 720; 1968 – 1100 GT; 1971 – 110 SS Ferat; 1987 – 783 Favorite Coupe; 1998 – Felicia Golden Prague; 2002 – Lau; 2002 – Fabia Paris Edition; 2002 – Tudor; 2003 – The Roomster; 2006 – Yeti II; 2006 – Joyster; 2007 – Fabia Super; 2011 – ʻIke D; 2011 – Misiona L; 2013 – Nānā C; 2017 – Nānā E; 2018 – Nānā X. 2. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana mōʻaukala o nā kaʻa e ka hui i kekahi mau manawa: 1905-1911. Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona K&L mua; 1911-1923 Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo K&L i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona like ʻole e pili ana i nā kaʻa kī o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī; 1923-1932 Holo ka brand ma lalo o ka mana o Skoda JSC, ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mua. ʻO ka mea kupanaha loa he 422 a me 860; 1932-1943 Hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻololi 650, 633, 637. He lanakila nui ka model Popular. Hoʻomaka ka brand i ka hana ʻana o Rapid, Favorit, Superb; 1943-1952 ʻO ka Superb (OHV hoʻololi), ʻo Tudor 1101 a me VOS e ʻōwili i ka laina hui; 1952-1964 Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana o Felicia, Octavia, 1200 a me nā hoʻololi o ka 400 series (40,45,50); 1964-1977 Hana ʻia ka moʻo 1200 i nā kino like ʻole. Loaʻa i ke kŘkohu Octavia ke kino kaʻa kaʻa (Combi). Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona 1000 MB; 1980-1990s I loko o kēia mau makahiki 10, ua hoʻokuʻu ka brand i ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona hou 110 R a me 100 i nā hoʻololi like ʻole; 1990-2010 Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa holo i nā mea hou o ka "hanauna mua, ʻelua a me ke kolu" e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hopohopo VAG. Ma waena o lākou ʻo Octavia, Felicia, Fabia, Superb. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Yeti compact crossovers a me nā minivans o ka lumi lumi. Nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia wā ʻO ka papa inoa o nā hiʻohiʻona hou o kēia wā he: 2011 - Citigo; 2012 - wikiwiki; 2014 – Fabia III; 2015 - Keu III; 2016 – Kodiaq; 2017 – Karoq; 2018 – Scala; 2019 - Octavia IV; 2019 - Kamiq. I ka hopena, hāʻawi mākou i kahi ʻike liʻiliʻi o nā kumukūʻai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2020: Nā nīnau a me nā pane: ʻO wai ka ʻāina e hana i nā kaʻa Skoda? Aia nā ʻoihana ikaika loa o ka hui ma Czech Republic. Aia kona mau lālā ma Rusia, Ukraine, India, Kazakhstan, Bosnia a me Herzegovina, Polani. ʻO wai ka mea nona ka Skoda? Nā mea hoʻokumu ʻo Vaclav Laurin a me Vaclav Klement. I ka makahiki 1991 ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hui.