Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kukui ʻaila KO-25
Ka hoʻohana
He mea maʻalahi ka wehewehe ʻana i ka inoa o ka huahana aila i nīnau ʻia: kukui kerosene, me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lapalapa o 25 mm. Ma ke ala, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lapalapa he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ia o ke kūpono o nā kerosenes kukui no kekahi mau kumu. No laila, hana ʻia nā māka i loaʻa mai nā ʻāpana ʻaila māmā e like me nā koi ʻenehana o GOST 11128-65, a mai nā mea kaumaha - GOST 92-50. I ka hihia hope, kapa ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila he pyronaphth; ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui uila (mai 3500C) a maloʻo i nā mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Pyronaft ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui kūikawā i nā hana ma lalo o ka honua - nā mines, tunnels tunnels, etc.
I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻohūhū ākea, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino kanaka. No laila, me ka emi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lama, e emi ana ka pōʻino o ka ʻaila. ʻOiai ka nele o ka ʻikepili ʻepekema, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo nā huahana ʻōpala nui i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana i ka ʻaila ʻaila nā mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā ʻāpana, carbon monoxide (CO), nā ʻano nitrogen oxides (NOx), a me ka sulfur dioxide (SO).2). ʻO ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka aila ʻaila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka kuke ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana e hōʻike ana e hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka hana o ka māmā a hoʻonui i ka pilikia o nā maʻi lele (me ka maʻi maʻi), ka hānō, a me ka maʻi kanesa. No laila, hoʻoholo ʻia ka neutrality kaiapuni o nā māka kerosene kukui i hana ʻia i kēia manawa e ke kaʻina aʻe: KO-30 → KO-25 → KO-20.
I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻaila kerosene KO-25 ma ke ʻano he wahie, e hoʻololi ana i nā hōʻailona TS-1 a i ʻole KT-2, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā hydrocarbons kiʻekiʻe i kona haku ʻana a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea soty liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana. Eia naʻe, he haʻahaʻa ka waiwai calorific o ke kerosene KO-25, e hoʻopilikia maikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia wahie.
Nā kino physico-chemical
ʻO nā ʻaila ʻaila kukui i hana ʻia mai nā hakina aila i loko o ka sulfur i hōʻike ʻia e nā hōʻailona quantitative penei:
| ʻO ka pākuhi | waiwai nui | |||
| KO-20 | KO-22 | KO-25 | KO-30 | |
| ʻO ka mānoanoa, t/m3 | 0,830 | 0,805 | 0,795 | 0,790 |
| Ka wela o ka hoomaka ana o ka evaporation, 0С | 270 | 280 | 290 | 290 |
| wahi paila, 0С | 180 | 200 | 220 | 240 |
| wahi uila, 0С | 60 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
Loaʻa i nā ʻaila ʻaila kukui a pau ka pākēneka o ka sulfur (mai ka 0,55 a i ka 0,66%).
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kukui kerosene KO-25 i manaʻo ʻia he mea maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kapuahi kerosene a i ʻole nā mea wela o nā ʻano like ʻole. No ka laʻana, i loko o wick umu ma muli o ka capillary hoolilo o ka wahie, a oi efficient a me ka wela puʻe umu me ka mahu jet nozzles i atomize i ka wahie ma ka manual pumping a mehana.
Kerosene KO-20
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hana o ka kerosene grade KO-20, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka pākēneka o ka sulfur, ua kau ʻia ka huahana semi-finished i ka hydrotreatment. No laila, hoʻohana pū ʻia kēia hōʻailona no ka holoi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana kila, a me ka degreasing ʻili ma mua o ka priming, pena, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Kerosene KO-30
Ma muli o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ke kerosene KO-30 e ʻike ʻia e ke kiʻekiʻe o ka lapalapa ahi kiʻekiʻe a me ke kiko uila kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia kēia huahana aila ma ke ʻano he wai hana no nā ʻoki ʻoki. ʻO ka mānoanoa o KO-30 ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o nā kukui kukui a pau, no laila hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i nā huahana kila.
