Nā kumu kumu o nā aila kaʻa. Nāʻano a me nā mea hana
Nā hui aila kumu
Wahi a ka helu API, ʻelima mau pūʻulu o nā aila kumu i hana ʻia ai nā lubricants kaʻa.
- 1 - mineral;
- 2 - semi-synthetic;
- 3 - synthetic;
- 4- ʻaila ma muli o nā polyalphaolefins;
- 5- ʻaila i hoʻokumu ʻia i nā pūhui kemika ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā hui mua.
ʻO ka hui mua o nā lubricants kaʻa me nā aila mineral, i hana ʻia mai ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe e ka distillation. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo lākou kekahi o nā hakina o ka aila, e like me ka ʻaila, kerosene, ka wahie diesel, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia i loko o ia mau ʻaila ka nui o nā hydrocarbons o nā degere like ʻole o ka saturation, nitrogen, a me ka sulfur. ʻOkoʻa ka ʻala o nā lubricants o ka hui mua mai nā mea ʻē aʻe - ʻike ʻia ka ʻala o nā huahana petroleum. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui he mea sulfur kiʻekiʻe a me kahi helu viscosity haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia ke kumu i kūpono ʻole ai nā aila i kēia hui no nā kaʻa āpau.
Ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻaila o nā hui ʻelua ma hope. ʻO kā lākou hana ʻana ma muli o nā ʻenehana loea o nā ʻenekini kaʻa o kēia wā, kahi i kūpono ʻole ai nā lubricants o ka hui mua. ʻO nā aila o ka hui ʻelua, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he semi-synthetic, hana ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hydrocracking. Hōʻike ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻaila mineral hui 1 me ka hydrogen ma lalo o ka mana o nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o ia ʻano hopena, hoʻopili ka hydrogen i nā molekala hydrocarbon, e hoʻonui ana iā lākou. A wehe ka hydrogen i ka sulfur, nitrogen a me nā mea pono ʻole. ʻO ka hopena, loaʻa nā lubricants me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me kahi haʻahaʻa o nā paraffins. Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā lubricants, kahi e kaupalena nui ai i ko lākou ākea.
ʻO ka hui 3 ka mea maikaʻi loa - lubricants synthetic. ʻAʻole like me nā mea ʻelua ma mua, loaʻa iā lākou kahi ākea ākea ākea a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity. Hana ʻia kēlā mau lubricants me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana hydroisomerization, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa ke kumu no ia ʻaila mai ke kinoea maoli. Me ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui, kūpono kēia mau aila no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mīkini kaʻa hou o kēlā me kēia brand.
ʻO nā aila kaʻa o nā hui 4 a me 5 ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka aila kumu Polyalphaolefin ke kumu no nā synthetics maoli, no ka mea, ua hana ʻia me ka artificially. 'A'ole like me ka hui 3 lubricants, hiki ke loa'a i nā hale kū'ai kūikawā, no ka mea, ho'ohana wale 'ia no nā ka'a ha'uki. ʻO ka hui ʻelima ka lubricants, ka mea, ma muli o kā lākou haku ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke koho ʻia i waena o nā mea ma mua. ʻO ka mea kūikawā, pili kēia i nā lubricants a me nā aila kumu i hoʻohui ʻia i nā esters. Hoʻomaikaʻi nui lākou i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka aila a hoʻonui i ka holo lubrication ma waena o ka mālama. Hana ʻia nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi ma nā helu liʻiliʻi loa, no ka mea, he nui ke kumukūʻai.
Nā mea hana o nā ʻaila kaʻa kumu
Wahi a nā helu helu honua, ke alakaʻi i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā aila kumu o ka hui mua a me ka lua ʻo ExonMobil. Ma kahi o ia, noho ʻo Chevron, Motiva, Petronas i kahi i kēia māhele. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā lubricants o ka hui ʻekolu ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe e ka hui South Korea SK Ludricants, ʻo ia ka mea e hana ai i nā lubricants ZIC. Kūʻai ʻia nā ʻaila kumu o kēia hui mai kēia mea hana e nā mea kaulana kaulana e like me Shell, BP, Elf a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma waho aʻe o ka "kumu", hana ka mea hana i nā ʻano mea hoʻohui a pau, i kūʻai ʻia hoʻi e nā inoa kaulana honua.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu mineral e Lukoil, Total, Neste, ʻoiai ʻo kahi kanaka nunui e like me ExonMobil, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hana iā lākou. Akā ʻo nā mea hoʻohui no nā ʻaila kumu āpau e hana ʻia e nā hui ʻaoʻao ʻekolu, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa ʻo Lubrizol, Ethyl, Infineum, Afton a me Chevron. A ʻo nā hui a pau e kūʻai aku ana i nā ʻaila i hana ʻia e kūʻai mai iā lākou. Hoʻopuka piha ʻia nā ʻaila kumu o ka hui ʻelima e nā hui me nā inoa liʻiliʻi ʻole: Synester, Croda, Afton, Hatco, DOW. ʻO ka Exxon Mobil kaulana loa he wahi liʻiliʻi ma kēia hui. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hale hana nui e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā aila pono.
