ʻO nā ʻano o ka wai kaʻa
ʻO nā wai glycolic
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wai hoʻoheheʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻa hou i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā glycols a me polyglycols me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻololi. ʻO nā Glycols nā waiʻona dihydric i loaʻa nā ʻano pono kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana braking hydraulic.
Ma waena o nā papa inoa i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā hui like ʻole, ua aʻa kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ke Keʻena ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (DOT). ʻO nā koi āpau no nā wai hoʻoheheʻe DOT-marked i kikoʻī ʻia ma FMVSS No. 116.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu mau ʻano nui o nā wai kīwaha i nā kaʻa i hana ʻia ma ka Russian Federation.
- DOT-3. Aia ia he 98% glycol base, ʻo ke koena 2% i noho ʻia e nā mea hoʻohui. ʻAʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia wai kaʻa i kēia lā a ua aneane e pani ʻia e ka hanauna hou o ka laina DOT. Ma kahi maloʻo (me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai i ka nui) ʻaʻole ia e hoʻolapalapa ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i kahi mahana o +205 ° C. Ma -40 ° C, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka viscosity ma mua o 1500 cSt ( lawa no ka hana maʻamau o ka ʻōnaehana brake). Ma kahi kūlana haʻahaʻa, me 3,5% wai i ka nui, hiki iā ia ke hoʻolapalapa i kahi mahana o +150 ° C. No nā ʻōnaehana brake hou, he paepae haʻahaʻa kēia. A ʻaʻole makemake ʻia e hoʻohana i kēia wai i ka wā hoʻokele ikaika, ʻoiai inā ʻae ka mea hana. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻonāukiuki kemika e pili ana i nā pena a me nā varnish, a me nā plastics a me nā huahana lāʻau i kūpono ʻole no ka hana ʻana me nā kumu glycol.
- DOT-4. Ma ke ʻano o ka haku melemele, ua like ka ratio o ka base a me nā mea hoʻohui me ka wai o ka hanauna i hala. ʻO ka wai DOT-4 ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka paila paila ma ke ʻano maloʻo (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa +230°C) a ma ke ʻano pulu (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa +155°C). Eia kekahi, hoʻemi iki ʻia ka hoʻoweliweli kemika ma muli o nā mea hoʻohui. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia nā papa wai mua no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻa kahi i hoʻolālā ʻia ai ka ʻōnaehana braking no DOT-4. Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo kaulana, ʻo ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka wai hewa ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha koke i ka ʻōnaehana (e hana wale kēia i ka wā o ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi a kokoke paha), akā hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ke ola o nā mea ikaika o ka ʻōnaehana brake. e like me ka haku a me ke kauā. Ma muli o kahi pūʻolo hoʻohui waiwai, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka viscosity ʻae ʻia ma -40 ° C no DOT-4 i 1800 cSt.
- DOT-5.1. ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui o ia ka haʻahaʻa viscosity. Ma -40 ° C, ʻo ka viscosity kinematic he 900 cSt wale nō. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka wai o ka papa DOT-5.1 i nā ʻōnaehana brake i hoʻouka ʻia, kahi e koi ʻia ai ka pane wikiwiki a pololei loa. ʻAʻole ia e paila ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i +260°C i ka wā maloʻo, a e paʻa mau a hiki i +180°C ke pulu. ʻAʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā kaʻa kīwila i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kūlana ʻē aʻe o nā wai kīwaha.
ʻO nā wai glycol-based he hygroscopic, ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka makū mai ka ea lewa i ko lākou leo. No laila, pono e hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau wai, e pili ana i ka maikaʻi mua a me nā kūlana hana, ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 1-2 mau makahiki.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea maʻamau e koi ʻia ai nā ʻāpana maoli. He ʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā huahana papa DOT-4 maʻamau mai ka māhele premium.
DOT-5 Silicone Brake Fluid
He nui nā pono o ka waihona silicone ma mua o ka waihona glycol maʻamau.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i nā mahana maikaʻi ʻole a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma -40 ° C, ʻo 900 cSt wale nō (e like me DOT-5.1).
ʻO ka lua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā silicones i ka hōʻiliʻili wai. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ka wai i loko o nā wai hoʻoheheʻe silicone a hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia. 'O ia ho'i, e emi iho ana ka hikiwawe o ka paila koke. No ke kumu like, hiki i ka 5 makahiki ke ola lawelawe o nā wai silicone maikaʻi.
ʻO ke kolu, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona wela kiʻekiʻe o DOT-5 wai ma ka pae o ka ʻenehana DOT-5.1. ʻO ka paila paila ma kahi maloʻo - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o +260 ° C, me kahi ʻano o 3,5% wai i ka nui - ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o +180 ° C.
ʻO ka hemahema nui, ʻo ia ka viscosity haʻahaʻa, e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka leakage nui ʻoiai me ka lole liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka hōʻino ʻana i nā sila palaki.
Ua koho kekahi mau mea hana kaʻa e hana i nā ʻōnaehana brake no nā wai silicone. A i loko o kēia mau kaʻa, pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā bunkers ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā wai hoʻoheheʻe silicone me ka ʻole o ke kau palena ʻole i nā kaʻa i hoʻolālā ʻia no DOT-4 a i ʻole DOT-5.1. I kēia hihia, makemake ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe loa i ka ʻōnaehana a hoʻololi i nā sila (inā hiki) a i ʻole nā mea kahiko, ʻeleʻele i loko o ka hui. E hōʻemi kēia i ka hiki ʻole o nā leaka pilikia ʻole ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe silicone.
