Ke kikowaena make luna a me ke kikowaena make lalo: wehewehe a me ka hana

I loko o ka mechanics, pili ka helu kūʻokoʻa i ke kūlana o ka piston e pānaʻi ana i loko o kāna cylinder. ʻElua mau wahi makapō: ke kikowaena make luna, a i ʻole TDC, a me ke kikowaena make lalo, a i ʻole PMB. Ma ke kikowaena make luna, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka piston i kāna hahau ʻana, ʻoiai aia ma lalo loa o ka cylinder ma ke kikowaena make lalo. Pili kēia i nā pōʻaiapuni hoʻopau like ʻole.

🚗 He aha ke kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka ʻenekini puhi ahi, e like me ke kaʻa pistons... Paheʻe kēlā me kēia piston ka cylinder a hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka wahie a me ke kinoea no ka hana ʻana i kahi pahū, ʻo ia ka ikaika e hoʻokele ai i ka ʻenekini.

Hoʻolako ʻia nā kaʻa o kēia wā me kahi ʻenekini 4-stroke e hana ana i nā pōʻai ʻehā:

1. O kakomo nā hui ʻana o ka ea / ʻaila;
2. La (ikaika) kēia hui ʻana ma ka hāpai ʻana i ka piston;
3. O kaka lua ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka piston;
4. O kaéchappement ke piʻi ka piston.

No ka hana ʻana i kēia mau ʻāpana ʻehā, hana nā pistons me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, me crankshaft ka mea i ao aku ia lakou, aka kiwikā ʻo ia nā ʻāpana e ālai ana i ka puka komo o nā pahu. KA 'kāmela hiki i ka wehe ʻana a me ka pani ʻana o kēia mau kiwi, e ʻae i ke komo ʻana i ka pae mua a me ka pau ʻana i ka pae ʻehā.

Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou piston ʻokoʻa i ka wā e paheʻe ai ka piston i loko o ka cylinder e like me ka pamu, e like me nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hihia o ka ʻenekini piston reciprocating, ʻelua mau kiko i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kiko kūʻokoʻa: waena make luna ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, waena make lalo ma kekahi ʻaoʻao.

ʻAʻohe pili o kēia mau wahi make i ka hoʻouna ʻana. No laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia kūlana e kuhikuhi i kēia kūlana o ka lever gear, akā hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻōlelo i ke kālā.

ʻO ke kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe o kāu kaʻa, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo TDC, ʻo ia ka manawa o ka piston i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kāna hahau ʻana i ka cylinder. No laila, ʻo ia hoʻi ka manawa i ka haʻahaʻa loa o ka leo o ke keʻena puhi ahi a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaomi ʻana, ma mua o ka puhi ʻana o ka hui ʻana o ka ea-wahie.

Pono ʻoe e ʻike ua kāhea ka sensor PMH mea ʻike, ʻO ia ke kuleana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka wā e noho ai ka piston ma luna o ke kikowaena make i kāu kaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā niho manu lele... A laila hoʻouna ka mea ʻike TDC i kēia ʻike i ka ʻāpana mana ʻenekiniʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohana ai no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe wahie a hoʻokō i ka puhi ahi e hoʻomau i ka holo ʻana o kāu mīkini.

🔍 He aha ke kikowaena make lalo?

Le kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe (TDC) e pili ana i ka manawa o ka piston o ka ʻenekini puhi ahi i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ka cylinder i ka wā o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i kona kiʻekiʻe. A ʻo ia hoʻi, kiko Mort Bas (PMB) pili i ka manawa o ka piston i ke kulana haahaa loa o kona hahau ana.

I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo o ke keʻena puhi ahi: ʻo ia ka hopena o ka intake, ʻo ia ka omo ʻana i ka ea a me ka wahie, kahi hui ʻana e hoʻoulu ai i ka pahū a me ka puhi ʻana o ka mīkini. He mea liʻiliʻi loa ka hoʻoemi ʻana e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i ka hui ʻana, ʻaʻole ke kaomi ʻana a pahū.

📍 Pehea e ʻike ai i ke kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe?

ʻO ke kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka piston ma kāna cylinder. Akā, he mea ʻē aʻe kekahi: ʻike i ke kūlana o ke kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe e hoopaa ia ia mahele, ka mea e pono ai no kekahi mau hana mechanical i ka enekini.

Loaʻa maʻamau kāu kaʻa repères no kēia hoʻonohonoho, akā i kekahi manawa pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ke kikowaena make kiʻekiʻe e hōʻailona iā ʻoe iho. I kēia hihia, e hoʻomaka i ka mīkini me ka lima i kekahi mau huli. Pono ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o ka piston ma ka piko o ka cylinder ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e iho: ʻo ia ke kikowaena make luna.

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā huaʻōlelo top dead center (TDC) a me lalo make center (PMB). E like me kāu i hoʻomaopopo mua ai, ʻo ia nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka piston i loko o kāna cylinder. Pono ʻoe e makaʻala ʻaʻole ʻelua pistons i ka manawa like i ka wā e puhi ai.