ʻāpana kaumaha kaumaha 2

Hoʻomau mākou i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kaʻa kaumaha. E hoʻomaka mākou i ka ʻāpana ʻelua me kahi mea i makemake nui ʻia e nā mea he nui, ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio, kahi mea i ʻike ʻia mai nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa o kahi tractor ʻAmelika, e hoʻomālamalama pinepine ʻia mai kahi mamao aku me ka chrome-plated chrome.

kaʻa kaʻa ʻAmelika

Kalaka kalaka nuiс enekini ikaika i mua, chrome alohilohi i ka lā a hou aku i ka lewa me nā paipu hoʻopau kū pololei - ʻo ia kiʻi, i hana ʻia e ka moʻomeheu pop, ka nui o ka cinematography, e ʻike ʻia i mua o ko mākou mau maka i ka wā e noʻonoʻo ai mākou e pili ana i nā hoa kaʻa ʻAmelika. Ma keʻano laulā, he hihiʻo maoli nō ia, ʻoiai aia nā ʻano kaʻa ʻē aʻe ma ʻAmelika.

No hea mai ke ʻano a me ka hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa - ʻaʻohe pane maopopo ʻole i kēia nīnau, akā hiki ke huki ʻia kekahi mau hopena. Makemake nui nā ʻAmelika i nā kaʻa nuino laila ua ʻike ʻia kēia ka loilo, 'o nā ala ala ma 'Amelika he lō'ihi loa a 'o nā mea ho'okele ka'a e ho'okele i nā tausani mile i ka manawa, pinepine ma nā 'āina mehameha, a 'o ka 'enekini ma mua e hā'awi aku ai i ka nui o ka lumi no ke ka'a ka'a, hiki ke lako me nā mea kūpono. Mea hoomoana.

1. ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o nā kaʻa kaʻa ʻAmelika - Peterbilt 579EV a me Kenworth T680 me nā wahie wahie ma ka puka o ka Pikes Peak kaulana.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā palena kānāwai i ka nui kaʻa ma mua o ʻEulopa, no ka laʻana, hiki i nā kaʻa ʻAmelika ke ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ākea. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui loa loaa ka mama, i ka US, hiki i nā mea hoʻokele ke holo wikiwiki no ka mea ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā puka uila, ma ʻEulopa, hoʻonoho pinepine ʻia nā palena ma kahi o 82-85 km / h. ʻOiai ʻo ia kākalakala i kēia manawa ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, akā ma waho e hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou e hoʻomalu i ka manawa hana o ka mea hoʻokele, a ma ka Old Continent no ka ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka palena wikiwiki, a me nā mea akamai hou, i hana ʻia no ʻelua makahiki, ua loaʻa i kahi hana hou, mahalo i hiki ai ke hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana o ke kaʻa.

Akā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa "ihu" ma mua o nā kaʻa ʻEulopa i nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea hope, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hoʻonā hou, a, e like me ka poʻe i ʻike, ʻo ka mana maʻamau o kā lākou mau mīkini (ma kahi o 500 KM). ʻoi aku ma mua o ka Nā kaʻa ʻo Peterbilt ai ole ia, Mea lawe ukana (ma kahi o 450 hp). A ʻo ka mea kupanaha loa, ʻo ia ka hana maʻamau. pahu wahie nui.

2. Kalaiaina o ka wahi moe o ka Keaukaha ma ka Freightliner Cascadia

125 mau makahiki i hala

ʻO kēia ka manawa i hala ʻO Gottlieb Daimler kūkulu i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēia lā ʻo ke kaʻa kaʻa mua. Ua kūkulu ʻia ke kaʻa ma ka hale kanu ʻo Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft ma Cannstat kokoke i Stuttgart.

ʻOiaʻiʻo nō kaʻa pahu huki lio, ma ke ʻano o kahi paepae haʻahaʻa, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia e ka mea hoʻolālā Kelemania i kahi mīkini ʻelua-cylinder 1,06-lita ma hope o ke axle hope a me ka mana "staggering" kiʻekiʻe o 4 hp. Hiki ke holo kēia ʻenekini i kapa ʻia ʻo "phoenix" ma luna o ka ʻaila, ka umu coke a i ʻole ke ʻaila. Hoʻopili ʻo Daimler iā ia i ke axle hope me ke kāʻei kāʻei.

I kēlā manawa, ua puka maikaʻi loa ke kaʻa Daimler - ua amortized ka axle mua e kahi transverse. punawai ellipticala mahope me na puna kila. Ua hoʻohana pū lākou puna wilie pale aku i ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā haʻalulu i kahi ʻenekini paʻakikī. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ua ʻolokaʻa ke kaʻa ma nā huila hao paʻa, a ʻo ke ʻano o nā alanui i ia manawa i waiho nui ʻia. ʻOiai Nā kaʻa kaʻa Daimler hou ua hālāwai me ka hoihoi, ua loaʻa ka mea kūʻai mua ma ʻEnelani wale nō, kahi i hoʻokūkū ai lākou me nā hoʻolālā mahu.

3. ʻO ka kaʻa Gotlieb Daimler mua loa i ka makahiki 1896.

Ua hoʻomau ʻo Daimler i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna kaʻa ukanama ka hana ʻana i nā mana hou a me nā hiʻohiʻona. ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, i ka makahiki 1898 kaʻa kaʻa Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hiʻohiʻona no ka manawa mua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa a i ka manawa like he hopena maikaʻi i kona hiki ke hoʻouka - ua kau ʻia ka mīkini i mua o ke axle mua. ʻO Daimler a me kāna mau kaʻa, a ma hope o nā kaʻa like ʻole mai nā paionia kaʻa ʻē aʻe, ua kūpono loa ia no ka manawa kūpono o ka mōʻaukala - ke piʻi nei ka ʻenehana ʻoihana a ke komo nei nā huahana nui i ka mākeke e pono e puʻunaue koke ʻia a ma kahi nui. . . A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻohe mea i loli ma kēia ʻano.

Tirem i ka wā e hiki mai ana

Mai ka wā i hala e lele kākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana i kēia manawa no ka mea nā kaʻa kaʻa i makeke ukanae like me ka laulā ʻoihana kaʻa o kēia wāke komo nei i kahi manawa o ka hoʻololi nui. ʻO ka pilikia nui, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ecology a me ka hoʻolauna nui ʻana o nā mea hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ka zero emissions, ma ka nui nui. Eia naʻe, me he mea lā ma muli o nā kikoʻī o kēia mākeke a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā kaʻa, ʻo ko lākou kaumaha a me ka ikaika o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, e lilo kēia mau hoʻololi i ka evolutionary ma mua o ka revolutionary. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo ʻaʻole e hana hou ʻia ka hana ma nā drive hou a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana.

4. 10,6-hano 3-cylinder ʻeono-piston diesel engine mai Achates Power.

Nui nā loea mai ʻoihana halihali a wānana nā mea hana i loko o nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ka mana o nā kaʻa diesel. Aia nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kēia kaʻa, no ka laʻana, ka mea hou loa o ka hui ʻAmelika ʻo Achates Power - ʻekolu pahu pahu diesel me eono pistons, i manaoia e puhi i ka 8 pakeneka emi wahie a emit ma kahi o 90 pakeneka. liʻiliʻi nā mea ʻona o ka nitrogen. Pono e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻenekini ma muli o ka hui ʻana o ʻelua mau pahu kūʻē i loko o nā pistons. Hoʻohui lākou i hoʻokahi keʻena puhi ahi a hoʻopaʻa like i ka ikehu o kēlā me kēia, e unuhi ana i ka neʻe.

ʻO ka pae aʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoiaʻiʻo, uila uila, a i ka wā lōʻihi, e hoʻohana ʻia ana ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa kaʻa o ka honua. Wahi a Eurostat statistics, 45 pakeneka. ʻO nā waiwai āpau i lawe ʻia ma ke alanui ma ʻEulopa e uhi i kahi mamao ma lalo o 300 km. ʻO ia hoʻi, kokoke i ka hapalua o nā kaʻa a pau i ka EU hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka uila. Ke hoʻomaka nei nā kaʻa uila e hoʻohana ʻia ma nā kūlanakauhale ʻaʻole koi i nā pae lōʻihi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kaʻa hydrogen e loaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka halihali kūloko a me ka honua.

5. Nā kaʻa uila Volvo

6. ʻO ka halihali o ka wā e hiki mai ana e like me Daimler: Mercedes-Benz eActros, Mercedes-Benz eActros LongHaul a me Mercedes-Benz GenH2 Truck.

No ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano o ka honua, e hoʻohana kākou i nā hiʻohiʻona o kekahi o nā mea hana kaʻa nui loa - ʻo Daimler a me Volvo, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hana hou nei i kahi ʻoihana hui i kapa ʻia. Cellcentric, ke kumu o ia hoʻomohala ʻenekini hydrogen. E hoʻomaka koke ʻo Daimler i ka hana mua kaʻa hana kaumaha serial i hoʻokele wale ʻia e ke kaʻa uila uila - ʻO Mercedes-Benz eActros, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i kahi ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 km, ua hoʻolaha pū ka hui i kahi kaʻa uila lōʻihi, ʻo Mercedes-Benz eActros LongHaul. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka mana ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana o hoʻokahi pākaukau ma kahi o 500 km.

Ma ka lima 'ē aʻe Nā kaʻa uila ua hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia ʻekolu mau kaʻa uila koʻikoʻi hou: FM, FMX a me FH. Loaʻa iā lākou ka mana o 490 kW a me ka torque kiʻekiʻe o 2400 Nm. hiki i 540 kWh, pono e hāʻawi i kahi mālama mana ma kahi o 300 km. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Volvo i ka makahiki 2030, e hoʻohana ʻia ka hapalua o nā kaʻa kaʻa i kūʻai ʻia ma ʻEulopa e kahi kaʻa uila a i ʻole nā ​​​​huela wahie hydrogen. Eia nō naʻe, mai 2040, makemake wale nā ​​hui ʻelua e kūʻai aku i nā kaʻa me nā ʻenekini zero-emission.

7. ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa Kenworth T680 FCEV hoʻopiha piha me ka hydrogen ma ke awa kū o Los Angeles.

i kahi pilina nā hunaola wahie a ua manaʻo ʻia kahi holomua ma mua o ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki he ʻumi. Hoʻolālā ka Cellcentric i ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻomaka i ka hana ma 2025. nā wahie hydrogen Kaulike. ʻO ka kaʻa Daimler mua i hoʻohana i kēia ʻenehana. Kaʻa kaʻa Mercedes-Benz GenH2Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen wai, he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu ma mua o ke kinoea hydrogen, pono ia e kūlike me ka hana o kahi kaʻa hoʻokele diesel maʻamau a loaʻa ka laulā ma mua o 1000 km. He hōʻailona maikaʻi nō hoʻi ʻo GenH2 Truck i kahi e hele ai ke ʻano o nā kaʻa kaʻa - ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka aerodynamic, he mea nui loa ia i ka hihia o nā kaʻa ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka halihali kaiaola ʻAʻole pili kēia i nā kaʻa ponoʻī wale nō, akā i nā alanui a lākou e hele ai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ʻo nā ʻāpana kaʻa uila hoʻokolohua i wehe koke ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma Kelemānia a me Suedena.

nā kaʻa kaʻa hybrid ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pantographs, a ua hohola ʻia kahi pūnaewele hoʻopili ma ke ala ma nā kākoʻo. Ke hoʻopili koke ʻia ka ʻōnaehana i ka ʻōnaehana, ua pio ka ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko a holo holoʻokoʻa ke kaʻa ma ka uila. Hiki ke hoʻokele i ke ʻano uila no kekahi mau kilomita ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka laina e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ke kūkulu ʻana i ia mau alanui ke kumu nui o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka pōʻaiapili o ka hoʻolaha hydrogen revolution.

8. ʻO Scania R 450 me ka pantograph ma ke ala uila

ʻO kekahi hoʻololi koʻikoʻi e kali nei iā mākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻololi mālie i nā kaʻa kahiko e nā kaʻa kūʻokoʻa. Malia paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo lākou i mea maʻamau nā kaʻa kaʻa ʻoleno ka mea, hoʻohana nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻokele a ʻaʻole pono lākou. ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole, ua hana mua ʻia ka mīkini mua, ʻo ia Kaʻa kaʻa Suedena Einride T-Pod. ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻole hiki ke kūʻai ʻia, ʻo ke koho wale nō ka hoʻolimalima.

ʻO nā kaʻa kaʻa kūʻokoʻa nui mua Ua hoʻokau ʻia lākou i ka hoʻāʻo nui no kekahi manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui i loko o nā keʻena logistic i pani ʻia kahi e maʻalahi ai nā kaʻina hana palekana, akā ua ʻae ʻia lākou no ka holo ʻana ma kekahi mau alanui ma US.

ʻO ka pae aʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka halihali autonomous ʻo Hub-2hub transport, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka lawe ʻana ma nā ala ākea ma waena o nā kikowaena logistic. I ka wā mua, e hoʻokele ʻia nā kaʻa e ka poʻe, akā naʻe, e kaupalena ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana, e hāʻawi ana i ka mana o ke kaʻa i ka autopilot, e like me ka wā lōʻihi i ka lawe ʻana i ka ea. ʻO ka hope loa, pono e holo kaʻa kaʻa ka huakaʻi ma waena o nā hub, a pono paha nā mea hoʻokele ola e hāʻawi i nā hoʻouna i nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi kūloko.

10. E ho'āʻo i ka kaʻa kaʻa ʻAmelika ʻokoʻa ʻo Peterbilt 579

11. Vera - autonomous tractor Volvo me kahi pahu

Pili kaʻa kūʻokoʻa inā paha ʻoi aku ka waiwai (e hoʻemi ana i ke kumukūʻai o nā kaʻa hana a me ka uku o nā mea hoʻokele), Hou aku oi (ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha no ka mea hoʻokele, e hoʻonui ana i ka manawa o ke kaʻa mai ka 29% a hiki i ka 78%), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni (ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka (ʻoi aku nā huakaʻi = nā kauoha hou aku) i palekana (ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu kanaka hilinaʻi ʻole).