Supernova

supernova SN1994 D i ka galaxy NGC4526

I loko o ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka nānā ʻana i ka astronomical, 6 wale nō ka pahū supernova i ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. I ka makahiki 1054, ma hope o ka pahū ʻana o ka supernova, ua ʻike ʻia i loko o kā mākou "lani"? Nebula pāpaʻi. ʻIke ʻia ka pele 1604 no ʻekolu pule i ka lā. Ua hū ka Large Magellanic Cloud i ka makahiki 1987. Akā ʻo kēia supernova he 169000 mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua, no laila paʻakikī ke ʻike.

I ka pau ʻana o ʻAukake 2011, ua ʻike ka poʻe astronomers i kahi supernova he mau hola wale nō ma hope o kona pahū ʻana. ʻO kēia ka mea kokoke loa o kēia ʻano i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki he 25 i hala. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā supernova ma kahi o hoʻokahi piliona mau makahiki māmā mai ka Honua. I kēia manawa, ua pahū ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma kahi o 21 miliona mau makahiki māmā. ʻO ka hopena, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hōkū pahū me nā binoculars a i ʻole kahi telescope liʻiliʻi ma ka Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), aia mai ko mākou ʻike ʻaʻole mamao loa mai Ursa Major.

Kakaikahi loa na hoku i make ma muli o ia pahū nui. Haʻalele mālie ka hapa nui. He ʻumi a iwakālua paha ka nui o ka hōkū hiki ke hele i ka supernova ma mua o ko kākou lā. Nui loa lākou. He nui ka nui o ia mau hoku a hiki ke hiki i ka wela kumu nui a pela?E hana? nā mea kaumaha.

I ka makahiki mua o 30, ua aʻo ʻo Fritz Zwicky astrophysicist i nā uila pohihihi o ka mālamalama i ʻike ʻia i kēlā me kēia manawa ma ka lewa. Ua hele mai ia i ka hopena i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka hōkū a hiki i kahi mānoanoa e like me ka mānoanoa o kahi nucleus atomic, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi nucleus dense, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā electrons mai "māhele"? e hele nā ​​mana i ka nuclei e hana i nā neutrons. Penei ke ano o ka hoku neutron. Hoʻokahi punetune o ke kumu o ka hōkū neutron he 90 biliona kilokani. ʻO ka hopena o kēia hāʻule ʻana, e hana ʻia ka nui o ka ikehu, i hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia. Ua kapa ʻo Zwicky iā lākou he supernova.

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka ikehu i ka wā o ka pahū ʻana he mea nui loa no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka pahū ʻana ma mua o kona waiwai no ka galaxy holoʻokoʻa. Ma hope o ka pahū ʻana, waiho ʻia kahi pūpū e hoʻonui wikiwiki ana, e hoʻololi ana i nebula planetary a me ka pulsar, ka hōkū baryon (neutron) a i ʻole ka lua ʻeleʻele.

Akā inā, ma hope o ka pahū ʻana o ka supernova, ʻo ka nui o ke kumu he 1,4-3 mau manawa o ka nui o ka Lā, e hāʻule mau ana ia a noho ma ke ʻano he hōkū neutron. Huli 'ia nā hōkū neutron (ma'amau) i nā manawa he nui i kēlā me kēia kekona, e ho'oku'u ana i ka ikehu nui ma ke 'ano o nā hawewe lekiō, nā kukui X, a me nā kukuna gamma. He puka ʻeleʻele ka hopena. Ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka lewa, hoʻonui ka mea o ke kumu a me ka pūpū o kahi supernova i loko o ka ʻaʻahu, i kapa ʻia ʻo ke koena supernova. Ke kuʻi nei me nā ao kinoea a puni, hana ia i mua o ka nalu haʻalulu a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu. ʻAlohi kēia mau ao i ka ʻāina ʻike ʻia o nā nalu a he mea nani no ka mea hoʻonaninani no ka poʻe kilo.

ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hōʻoia o ke ola ʻana o nā hōkū neutron a hiki i 1968.