Hoʻohui a me nā ʻāpana o ka wai antifreeze
Nā mea
He aha ke ʻano o ka anti-freeze?
Alkohola
No ka pale ʻana i ka hau aniani i ka hoʻoilo, pono e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana crystallization o ka wai. ʻO nā waiʻona aliphatic maʻalahi loa nā mea kūpono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano wai ʻona monohydric 3, i ka hui ʻana a me ka mono:
- Ethanol
ʻAʻole ʻona; crystallize ma -114 °C. Ua hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i 2006, akā naʻe, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me nā hihia pinepine o ka hoʻohana waha ma ke ʻano o nā surrogates, ua kāpae ʻia mai ka haku mele.
- Isopropanol
ʻAʻole like me ka ethanol, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka isopropyl alcohol, akā he hopena ʻawaʻawa a me ke ʻala o ka acetone.
- Ka Methanol
ʻOkoʻa i nā hōʻailona kino a me kemika maikaʻi loa. Eia nō naʻe, he mea ʻawaʻawa loa ia a pāpā ʻia mai ka hoʻohana ʻana ma kekahi mau ʻāina.
ʻO ka ʻike o nā ʻona ʻenehana i ka antifreeze ʻokoʻa mai 25 a 75%. Ke piʻi aʻe ka hoʻonui ʻana, e emi ana ka pae maloʻo o ka hui ʻana. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka anti-freeze a hiki i -30 ° C frost ka liʻiliʻi o 50% isopropyl alcohol.
Nā mea holoi holoi
ʻO ka hana aʻe o ka wai antifreeze ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo a me nā streaks. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea surfactant Anionic ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, e hana me ka nānā ʻole i ka mahana. Eia kekahi, hoʻomaikaʻi nā surfactants i ka hui ʻana o nā mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me nā waiʻona me ka wai. Pākēneka - a hiki i ka 1%.
Denatured
No ka hakakā ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana o ka wai holoi, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻohui kūikawā me kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka pyridine, phthalic acid esters, a i ʻole kerosene maʻamau. ʻO ia mau pūhui he ʻala hoʻopailua a hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻole ʻia i loko o nā hui ʻona. ʻO ka māhele o ka denaturing additives he 0,1-0,5%.
Nā mea hoʻokūpaʻa
No ka mālama ʻana i nā waiwai hana, hoʻohui ʻia ka ethylene glycol a i ʻole propylene glycol pōʻino i ka anti-freeze. ʻO ia mau mea hoʻohui e hoʻonui i ka solubility o nā mea organik, hoʻonui i ka manawa o ka hoʻohana ʻana, a mālama pū i ka wai o ka wai. ʻO ka ʻike ma lalo o 5%.
Mea ʻono
No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻala "acetone", hoʻohana nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe aniani isopropanol i nā mea ʻala - nā mea ʻala me kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka māhele o ka māhele ma kahi o 0,5%.
Nā lama
Hana ke kala i kahi hana hoʻonaninani, a hōʻike pū i ka pakeneka o ka waiʻona. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia nā anti-freezes me kahi ʻulaʻula, e pili ana i kahi 25% o ka isopropanol. ʻO ka nui o ka waiʻula e alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ea. No laila, ʻaʻole pono kona ʻike ma mua o 0,001%.
Wai
Hoʻohana ʻia ka wai deionized me ka ʻole o nā haumia. Hana ʻia ka distillate wai ma ke ʻano he mea lawe wela, ka mea hoʻoheheʻe, a hoʻopau pū i nā mea haumia me nā surfactants. ʻO ka pākēneka o ka wai he 20-70% ma muli o ka nui o ka waiʻona.
ʻO ka hui anti-freeze e like me GOST
I kēia manawa ma Rūsia ʻaʻohe palapala i hoʻoponopono ʻia e pili ana i ka haku ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā wai holoi holoi makani. Eia naʻe, pili nā ʻāpana pākahi i nā koi hoʻoponopono e like me ka palekana a me ka pono o ka noi. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka wai holoi pale makani hoʻoilo me ka māka hoʻohālikelike PCT e like me ke kūlana interstate (GOST):
- wai demineralized: ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 30%;
- isopropanol: ʻoi aku ma mua o 30%;
- Surfactants: a hiki i ka 5%;
- mea paʻa propylene glycol: 5%;
- ʻāpana wai-palapala: 1%;
- mea pale pale: 1%;
- ʻono: 5%;
- kala: 5%.
Nā koi hoʻoponopono no ka haku mele
ʻO ka hōʻoia huahana e noʻonoʻo i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻona a me ka hana o ka huahana. No laila, pono e hoʻokō pono nā mea holoi makani i ka pollution i ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole e hana i nā streaks, nā kiko e kaupalena i ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻokele. ʻO nā mea i loko o ka haku mele pono ʻole i ka fiberglass a me nā ʻili metala. Hoʻololi ʻia nā mea ʻawaʻawa i loko o ke ʻano o ka anti-freeze e nā mea like ʻole: methanol - isopropanol, ethylene glycol poisonous - propylene glycol neutral.
