Jet fighter Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet hapa 1

Me 163 B-1a, W.Nr. 191095; ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Air Force o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma Wright-Patterson AFB kokoke i Dayton, Ohio.

ʻO ka Me 163 ka mea kaua mua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka missile i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II. ʻO ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā e ʻAmelika ʻehā-engine nui pōkā i hoʻopau ʻia i nā kikowaena ʻoihana Kelemania ʻelua i ka waena waena o 1943, a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka kaua hoʻoweliweli, ua hoʻohiolo lākou i nā kūlanakauhale o ka Reich, pepehi i nā ʻumi tausani o nā makaʻāinana, kahi e wāwahi ai. ka manao o ka lahui. ʻO ka waiwai waiwai o ka mokulele ʻAmelika i ʻike i ka Luftwaffe kauoha i ʻike i ka manawa wale nō e lanakila ai i ka pilikia a hoʻopau i nā hoʻouka ʻana i ka lewa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano pale ʻole. Pono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui me ka maikaʻi. No laila nā manaʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pūʻali koa i nā mokulele mokulele a me nā missile, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e hoʻihoʻi i ka mana ea Luftwaffe ma luna o ko lākou ʻāina home.

Hoʻi ka genesis o ka Me 163 fighter i ka makahiki 20. ʻO Aleksander Martin Lippisch, i hānau ʻia ma Nowemapa 2, 1898 ma München (Munich), i ka makahiki 1925, ua lawe ʻo ia i ka hoʻokele ʻenehana o Rhön-Rositten-Gesellschaft (RRG, Rhön-Rositten Society) i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Wasserkuppe a hoʻomaka e hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. o nā mea lele huelo ʻole .

ʻO nā gliders AM Lippisch mua i kūkulu ʻia mai ka Storch series (stork), Storch I mai 1927, i ka wā o nā hoʻokolohua, i ka makahiki 1929, ua loaʻa ka mīkini DKW me ka mana o 8 HP. ʻO kekahi mea lele ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka Storch II he ʻano ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia o ka Storch I, ʻoiai ʻo ka Storch III he mau noho ʻelua, lele ʻia i ka makahiki 125, ʻo ka Storch IV he mana kaʻa o kona mua, a ʻo ka Storch V he ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia. ka noho hoʻokahi i holo mua i ka makahiki 125.

I kēia manawa, i ka hapa ʻelua o nā makahiki 20, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoihoi i ka hoʻokele rocket ma Kelemānia. ʻO kekahi o nā paionia o ke kumu mana hou, ʻo ia ka mea ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa kaulana ʻo Fritz von Opel, nāna i hoʻomaka e kākoʻo i ka Verein für Raumschifffahrt (VfR, Society for Spacecraft Travel). ʻO Max Valier ke poʻo o ka VfR, a ʻo Hermann Oberth ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua manaʻo nā lālā o ka hui ʻo ka wahie wai ka mea kūpono loa no nā ʻenekini rocket, ʻaʻole like me nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i makemake i nā wahie paʻa e maʻalahi ka hoʻohana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Max Valier, no ka hoʻolaha ʻana, pono e komo kekahi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi mokulele, kaʻa, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe o ka lawe ʻana e hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka mīkini rocket paʻa.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o ka mokulele Delta 1 i ke kauwela o 1931.

Ua kūkulu ʻo Max Valier lāua ʻo Alexander Sander, he pyrotechnician mai Warnemünde, i ʻelua ʻano o ka pū, ʻo ka mua me ke ahi wikiwiki e hāʻawi i ka wikiwiki mua kiʻekiʻe e pono ai no ka lele ʻana, a ʻo ka lua me ke ahi lohi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana no kahi lele lōʻihi.

No ka mea, e like me ka hapa nui o ka poʻe loea, ʻo ka airframe maikaʻi loa i hiki ke loaʻa i ka rocket propulsion he huelo ʻole, i Mei 1928 ua hui malū ʻo Max Valier lāua ʻo Fritz von Opel me Alexander Lippisch ma Wasserkuppe e kūkākūkā i ka hiki ke hoʻāʻo i ka lele ʻana o kahi kipi hou. kumu mana hoʻolalelale. Ua manaʻo ʻo Lippisch e hoʻokomo i nā ʻenekini rocket ma kāna huelo Ente (duck) glider, āna e hoʻomohala like me ka Storch glider.

Ma Iune 11, 1928, ua hana ʻo Fritz Stamer i ka lele mua ma nā mana o ka Ente glider i hoʻolako ʻia me ʻelua Sander rockets o 20 kg kēlā me kēia. Ua holo ka mea lele me ka catapult i lako me na kaula hao. He 35 mau kekona wale no ka lele lele mua ana. I ka lua o ka lele ana, ma hope o ka hoolele ana i na pohaku, ua huli ka Stamer i 180 ° a uhi i kahi mamao o 1200 m i 70 kekona a pae maluhia ma ke kahua lawe. I ke kolu o ka lele ana, ua pahū kekahi o na uka a ua wela ka hope o ka ea i ke ahi, a pau na hoao ana.

I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ka mea hoʻokele Kelemania, ʻo ka naʻi aupuni ʻo ʻAkelanika, ʻo Hermann Köhl, i ka hoihoi i nā hoʻolālā Lippisch a kauoha ʻo ia i ka Delta I motor glider me ka uku mua o RM 4200 ma ke kumu kūʻai o kāna kūʻai. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Delta I e ka British Bristol Cherub 30 HP engine a hiki i ka wikiwiki o 145 km / h. ʻO ka mea hoʻokele kaʻa he huelo cantilever me nā ʻēheu i loko o kahi hoʻonohonoho delta me kahi hale lāʻau me kahi hale ʻelua kanaka a me kahi propeller hoʻokuke. ʻO kāna lele hoʻokele mua i hana ʻia i ke kauwela o 1930, a ʻo kāna lele kaʻa i Mei 1931. ʻO ka mana hoʻomohala o ka Delta II i noho ma nā papa kiʻi kiʻi, e hoʻohana ʻia e kahi mīkini 20 HP. I ka makahiki 1932, ua kūkulu ʻia ka Delta III ma ka hale kanu Fieseler, i kūkulu ʻia i ke kope ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Fieseler F 3 Wespe (wasp). Ua paʻakikī ka lele ʻana a hāʻule i ka lā 23 o Iulai, 1932 i kekahi o nā mokulele hoʻāʻo. Ua pepehi ʻia ka mea hoʻokele, ʻo Günter Groenhoff, ma ia wahi.

I ka manawa o 1933/34, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke keʻena nui o RRG i Darmstadt-Griesheim, kahi i lilo ai ka hui i ʻāpana o ka Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Segelflug (DFS), ʻo ia hoʻi ka German Research Institute for Shaft Flight. I kēia manawa ma DFS, ua hana ʻia kahi mokulele ʻē aʻe, i kapa ʻia ʻo Delta IV a, a laila kona ʻano ʻano Delta IV b i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻO ka ʻano hope loa ʻo ia ka Delta IV c me kahi ʻenekini hōkū Pobjoy 75 hp me kahi propeller huki. Dipl.-Ing. ʻO Frithjof Ursinus, ʻo Josef Hubert lāua ʻo Fritz Krämer. I ka makahiki 1936, ua loaʻa i ka mīkini kahi palapala ʻae ʻae a hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ke ʻano he mokulele haʻuki ʻelua noho.