ʻO ka Moana Inia i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, ʻāpana 2
ʻO ka Grumman Martlet fighter o ka 888th Fleet Air Arm, e hana ana mai ka mea lawe lawe HMS Formidalbe, lele ma luna o HMS Warspite, ka moku kaua ikaika loa o ke kenekulia 1942; Mei XNUMX
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo ka moana ʻĀina kahi ala hele nui ma waena o ʻEulopa a me ka Hikina Hikina a me India. Ma waena o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, ʻo ka poʻe Pelekania - ma muli o India, ʻo ka momi i ka lei aliʻi o ke aupuni - ua nānā nui loa i ka moana India. ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻonui i ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ke aupuni colonial Pelekane he mau kolone aia ma ka Moana Inia a ma nā ala e hele aku ai.
I ka hāʻule ʻana o 1941 - ma hope o ka naʻi ʻana o ʻApelika Hikina ʻItalia a me ka hoʻopio ʻana i nā mokuʻāina ʻo Persian Gulf - ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mana o Pelekane Nui ma ka moana ʻĀina. ʻEkolu wale nō mau panalāʻau nui - Mozambique, Madagascar a me Thailand - aia ma waho o ka mana koa o Lākana. No Pokukala, ʻo Mozambique, he mokuʻāina kūʻokoʻa, akā ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka hoa pili kahiko loa o Pelekane. ʻAʻole naʻe i makemake nā luna Farani o Madagascar e hana like, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou mana a ʻaʻohe mana e hōʻino i ka hana kaua Allied. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o Thailand, akā - i ka hakakā me Farani - ua ʻano maikaʻi ia i ka poʻe Pelekania.
Ma Sepatemaba 22-26, 1940, ua alakaʻi ka pūʻali koa Iapana i kahi hana kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Indochina a, ma hope o ke kūʻē ʻana o Farani no ka manawa pōkole, mālama ʻia ia wahi.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka Moana Inia e nā mea hoʻouka kaua Kelemania a me nā submarines - akā ʻo nā poho i hoʻokau ʻia e lākou he hōʻailona. He mea weliweli paha ʻo Iapana, akā ʻo ka mamao ma waena o ke kapikala o Iapana, Tokyo, a me Singapore - kahi kahua moana ma ka palena ma waena o nā wai o ka moana ʻĀina a me ka Moana Pākīpika - ua like ia me ka mamao ma waena o New York a me Lākana. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka haunaele politika e ke alanui Burmese, kahi i hoʻolako ai ʻo ʻAmelika i nā Kina e hakakā ana me nā Iapana.
I ke kauwela o 1937, ua hoʻomaka ke kaua ma waena o Kina a me Iapana. ʻAʻole i holo e like me ka mea i hoʻolālā ʻia e Chiang Kai-shek, ke alakaʻi o ka ʻaoʻao Kuomintang, e hoʻomalu ana i ka Repubalika o Kina. Ua pale aku ka poʻe Kepanī i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Kina, ua hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana, hele i ka hana ʻino, hopu i ke kūlanakauhale nui o Nanjing a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokuʻikahi. Eia naʻe, manaʻo ʻo Chiang Kai-shek e hoʻomau i ke kaua - ua helu ʻo ia i ka pono helu, ua kākoʻo ʻia ʻo ia e ka Soviet Union a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i hele mai ai nā mea hana a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo koa. I ke kauwela o 1939, aia nā hakakā ma waena o nā Kepani a me nā Soviets ma ka muliwai Chałchin-Goł (kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nomonhan). Ua manaʻo ʻia e lanakila nui ka Red Army ma laila, akā ʻo ka hopena o kēia "lanakila", ua kāpae ʻo Moscow i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kōkua iā Chiang Kai-shek.
Me ke kōkua i hāʻawi ʻia iā Chiang Kai-shek mai ʻAmelika, ua hoʻokō ʻo Iapana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi papahana puke o nā hana
waena - ʻoki ʻana i ka Pākē. I ka makahiki 1939, ua noho na Kepani i na awa o ka hema o Kina. I kēlā manawa, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ke kōkua ʻAmelika no Kina i nā awa o French Indochina, akā i ka makahiki 1940 - ma hope o ka noho ʻana o Paris e nā Kelemania - ua ʻae ka Farani e pani i ka transit i Kina. I kēlā manawa, ua alakaʻi ʻia nā kōkua ʻAmelika ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka Moana Inia a hiki i nā awa o Burma a ʻoi aku - ma ke ala Burmese - i Chiang Kai-shek. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kaua ma ʻEulopa, ua ʻae pū ka poʻe Pelekania i ke koi ʻana o Iapana e pani i ka huakaʻi i Kina.
Ma Tokyo, ua wānana ʻia ʻo 1941 ka makahiki e pau ai ke kaua ma Kina. Ma Wasinetona nae, ua paa ka olelo hooholo e kakoo ia Chiang Kai-shek, a ua manaoia no ka hiki ole ke hoolako ia Kina me na lako kaua, e kaohi ia ka lako kaua ia Iapana. ʻO ka embargo - a ʻo ia - i manaʻo ʻia he neʻe koʻikoʻi i ʻae ʻia he casus belli, akā ʻaʻole makaʻu ʻia ke kaua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ma Wakinekona, ua manaʻo ʻia inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka pūʻali Kepani ke lanakila i kekahi hoa paio nāwaliwali e like me ka pūʻali Kina, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoholo e hele i ke kaua me ka US Army. Ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻAmelika e pili ana i kā lākou kuhihewa i ka lā 8 o Dekemaba, 1941 ma Pearl Harbor.
ʻO Singapore: ka pōhaku kiʻekiʻe o nā waiwai colonial Pelekania
Ua hoʻouka ʻia ʻo Pearl Harbor i mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Iapana i ka hoʻouka kaua. Ma mua, ua kuhikuhi ʻia ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana ma British Malaya, kahi hui like ʻole o nā mokuʻāina kūloko ma lalo o ka mana o Lākana. Ma waho aʻe o nā sultanates a me nā aliʻi i hāpai i ka pale Pelekane, aia ma ʻaneʻi - ʻaʻole wale ma ka Peninsula Malay akā ma ka mokupuni ʻo Indonesia ʻo Borneo - ʻehā mau kolone i hoʻokumu pololei ʻia e ka poʻe Pelekania. Ua lilo ʻo Singapore i mea nui loa o lākou.
Aia ma ka hema o British Malaya ka Dutch East Indies, nona nā mokupuni - ʻo Sumatra a me Java - ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale i ka Moana Pākīpika mai ka Moana India. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Sumatra mai ka Peninsula Malay e ka Strait of Malacca - ʻo ke kowa lōʻihi loa ma ka honua, 937 km ka lōʻihi. Aia ke ʻano o ka funnel he mau haneli kilomika ākea kahi e kahe ai ka moana India i loko a he 36 km haiki kahi e hui ai i ka Moana Pākīpika - kokoke i Singapore.
