ʻO nā paila e kahe ana: e ninini i nā uila noʻu!

Ke hana nei nā ʻepekema mai ka Fraunhofer Institute ma Kelemania i nā hana hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi i ke kahua o nā pila uila, ʻokoʻa i nā mea kahiko. Me kaʻenehana kahe o redox, ʻokoʻa maoli ke kaʻina o ka mālama ʻana i ka uila ...

ʻO nā paila i hoʻopiʻi ʻia me ka wai e like me ka wahie, e ninini ʻia i loko o kahi kaʻa me ka ʻenekini a i ʻole ka ʻenekene diesel. He utopian paha ia, akā no Jens Noack o ka Fraunhofer Institute ma Pfinztal, Kelemania, he ola maoli kēia. Mai ka 2007, ke kime hoʻomohala kahi i komo ai ʻo ia i loko o ka lele piha e hoʻomōhala ana i kēia ʻano exotic o rechargeable o na pu ki. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka manaʻo o kahi kahe a i ʻole ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka redox bateri paʻakikī, a ʻo ka patent mua ma kēia wahi e hoʻi ana i ka makahiki 1949. Hoʻohui ʻia kēlā me kēia wahi o nā wahi ʻelua e ka membrane (like me nā hunaola wahie), pili i kahi wai i loko o kahi electrolyte kikoʻī. Ma muli o ka likelika o nā mea e chemically react me kekahi i kekahi, lawe ʻia nā protons mai kekahi electrolyte i kekahi ma o ka membrane, a kuhikuhi ʻia nā electrons ma o ka mea kūʻai i kēia manawa e pili ana i nā ʻāpana ʻelua, ma muli o ke kahe o kahi kahe uila Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hoʻokahe ʻia nā pahu wai ʻelua a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka electrolyte hou, a "hoʻohana hou ʻia ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia" ma nā keʻena hoʻouku.

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau mea a pau, akā naʻe, he nui nā mea pale i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o kēia ʻano pākaukau i nā kaʻa. Aia ka nui o ka ikehu o ka vanadium electrolyte redox battery ma ka laulā o 30 Wh wale nō no ka kilo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea like me ko ka pākī waikawa lead. No ka mālama ʻana i ka nui like o ka ikehu e like me ka pākahi lithium-ion 16 kWh hou, i ka pae o ka ʻenehana redox i kēia manawa, pono ka pākaukau i 500 lita o ka electrolyte. ʻO nā peripheral āpau, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka leo - kahi hale e pono ai e hāʻawi i ka mana o hoʻokahi kilowatt, e like me ka pahu pia.

ʻAʻole kūpono kēlā mau palena i nā kaʻa, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hale o ka pākiko lithium-ion i ʻehā mau manawa ka nui o ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia kilogram. Eia naʻe, manaʻolana ʻo Jens Noack, no ka mea ke hoʻomaka nei nā hanana i kēia wahi a ke hoʻohiki nei nā manaʻo. I loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, ua kiʻi ʻia nā paila bromide vanadium polysulfide bromide i ka nui o ka ikehu o 70 Wh no kilogram a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui me nā pika hydride nickel metal i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Toyota Prius.

Hoʻoemi kēia i ka nui o nā pahu i makemake ʻia i ka hapalua. Mahalo i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻopiʻi maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi (ʻelua mau pauma e pauma i ka electrolyte hou, ʻelua ʻelua e huki i ka electrolyte hoʻohana ʻia), hiki ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ʻōnaehana i loko o ʻumi mau minuke e hāʻawi i kahi pae o 100 km. ʻOiai nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouka wikiwiki e like me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma Tesla Roadster i ʻeono mau manawa ka lōʻihi.

I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka huli ʻana o nā ʻoihana kaʻa he nui i ka noiʻi o ka Institute, a ua hāʻawi ka mokuʻāina ʻo Baden-Württemberg i 1,5 miliona euros no ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, e mau ana ka manawa e hiki ai i ka pae ʻenehana automotive. "Hiki i kēia ʻano pākaukau ke hana maikaʻi me nā ʻōnaehana mana paʻa, a ke hana nei mākou i nā kikowaena hoʻokolohua no ka Bundeswehr. Eia naʻe, ma ke kahua o nā kaʻa uila, e kūpono kēia ʻenehana no ka hoʻokō ʻana ma kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki, "wahi a Noak.

ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā mea exotic no ka hana ʻana i nā paila redox kahe. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia nā catalst pipiʻi e like me ka platinum i nā pūnaewele wahie a i ʻole nā ​​polymers e like me nā pākahi lithium-ion. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, hiki i ka 2000 euro i kēlā me kēia kilowatt o ka mana, no ka mea he hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi a hana ʻia e ka lima.

I kēia manawa, ke hoʻolālā nei nā loea o ka institute e kūkulu i kā lākou mahiʻai makani ponoʻī, kahi e hana ai ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka electrolyte. Me ka holo redox, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia kaʻina hana ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wai i loko o ka hydrogen a me ka oxygen a me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou i loko o nā keena wahie - hāʻawi nā ʻenekini koke i ka 75 pakeneka o ka uila i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻouka ʻana.

Hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo i ke kau ʻana i nā kikowaena, me ka hoʻouka maʻamau o nā kaʻa uila, lawelawe ma ke ʻano he buffers e kūʻē i ka hoʻouka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōnaehana mana. I kēia lā, no ka laʻana, pono e pio nā turbine makani he nui ma ka ʻākau o Kelemānia ʻoiai ka makani, no ka mea, ke kaumaha nei lākou i ka makai.

E pili ana i ka palekana, ʻaʻohe mea weliweli ma aneʻi. "Ke hui ʻoe i ʻelua mau electrolytes, aia kahi pōkole pōkole kemika e hāʻawi i ka wela a piʻi ka mahana i 80 kekelē, akā ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe e hana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, palekana ʻole nā ​​wai wale nō, akā pēlā nō hoʻi ka ʻaila a me ka diesel. ʻOiai ʻo ka hiki o ke kahe o o nā pa uila redox, paʻakikī ka poʻe noiʻi ma Fraunhofer Institute i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻenehana lithium-ion ...

kikokikona: ʻO Alexander Bloch

Ke kahe o ka uila Redox

ʻO ka pā uila holo redox he keʻa maoli nō ia ma waena o kahi pākaukau maʻamau a me kahi pahu wahie. Ke kahe nei ka uila ma muli o ka pilina ma waena o ʻelua electrolytes - pili kekahi i ka pou maikaʻi o ke kelepona a ʻo kekahi i ka ʻole. I kēia hihia, hāʻawi kekahi i nā ion i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia (oxidation), a loaʻa kekahi iā lākou (hōʻemi), no laila ka inoa o ka hāmeʻa. Ke hiki i kahi pae o ka saturation, pau ka hopena a ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā electrolytes me nā mea hou. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā mea hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hope.