Pākēneka o ka ʻaila ʻenekini
Nā mea
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻaila
E like me ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aila no nā ʻenekini kūloko kūloko, ua māhele ʻia lākou i 3 mau pūʻulu:
- Mineral (ʻaila)
Loaʻa ʻia e ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila pololei a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā alkanes. Aia i loko o ia huahana a hiki i ka 90% branched saturated hydrocarbons. Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka dispersity kiʻekiʻe o nā paraffins (heterogeneity o nā kaupaona molecular o nā kaulahao). ʻO ka hopena: ʻaʻole paʻa ka lubricant a ʻaʻole mālama i ka viscosity i ka wā o ka hana.
- Kemokalaka
Huahana o ka petrochemical synthesis. ʻO ka mea maka he ethylene, kahi e loaʻa ai ma ka polymerization catalytic, kahi kumu me ke kaumaha molekala pololei a me nā kaulahao polymer lōʻihi. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā aila synthetic ma ka hydrocracking mineral analogues. He ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano hana like ʻole i ke ola lawelawe.
- Semi-synthetic
Hōʻike i kahi hui o ka mineral (70-75%) a me nā aila synthetic (a hiki i 30%).
Ma waho aʻe o nā aila kumu, ʻo ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia he pūʻolo o nā mea hoʻohui e hoʻoponopono i ka viscosity, detergent, dispersant a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka wai.
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano nui o nā wai kaʻa lubricating ma ka papa ma lalo nei:
| Nā Components | Ka ʻokoʻa |
| Kumu kumu (nā paraffin saturated, polyalkylnaphthalenes, polyalphaolefins, linear alkylbenzenes, a me nā esters) |
~ 90% |
| Pākuʻi hoʻohui (nā mea hoʻohui viscosity, pale a me nā mea hoʻohui antioxidant) | A hiki i 10% |
ʻO ka hui ʻaila ʻenekini ma ka pākēneka
ʻO ka waihona kumu i hiki i 90%. Ma ke ʻano kemika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pūʻulu o kēia mau mea:
- Hydrocarbons (nā alkenes palena a me nā polymers aromatic unsaturated).
- Nā etera paʻakikī.
- Polyorganosiloxanes.
- Nā Polyisoparaffins (nā isomers spatial o nā alkenes ma ke ʻano polymer).
- Nā polimer halogenated.
ʻO nā hui like o nā pūhui e hoʻonui i ka 90% ma ke kaumaha o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia a hāʻawi i ka lubricating, detergent a me nā ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono nā waiwai o nā lubricants petroleum i nā koi o ka hana. No laila, ʻo nā paraffin saturated i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā waihona coke ma ka ʻili o ka mīkini. Hana ʻia nā Esters i ka hydrolysis e hana i nā waikawa, e alakaʻi ai i ka pala. No ka haʻalele ʻana i kēlā mau hopena, hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hoʻololi kūikawā.
Pūʻolo hoʻohui - haku a me ka ʻike
ʻO ka māhele o nā mea hoʻololi i nā aila kaʻa he 10%. Nui nā ʻāpana "additive packages" i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me kahi pūʻulu o nā mea e hoʻonui ai i nā ʻāpana koi o ka lubricant. Hoʻopaʻa inoa mākou i nā pilina nui loa:
- ʻO ka calcium alkylsulfonate paona kiʻekiʻe he mea holoi. Māhele: 5%.
- ʻO Zinc dialkylditiophosphate (Zn-DADTP) - pale i ka ʻili metala mai ka oxidation a me ka pōʻino mechanical. Maʻiʻo: 2%.
- Polymethylsiloxane - hoʻohui i ka wela (anti-foam) me ka mahele o 0,004%
- ʻO ka Polyalkenylsuccinimide kahi mea hoʻohui detergent-dispersant i hoʻohui pū ʻia me nā mea anti-corrosion i ka nui a hiki i ka 2%.
- ʻO nā polyalkyl methacrylates nā mea hoʻohui depressant e pale ai i ka ua o nā polymers ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka mahana. Māhele: emi iho ma mua o 1%.
Me nā mea hoʻololi i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, hiki ke loaʻa nā aila synthetic a semi-synthetic i hoʻopau ʻia i ka demulsifying, ke kaomi nui a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pākēneka o ka pūʻolo o nā mea hoʻololi i ka 10-11%. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā aila synthetic e loaʻa i nā additives a hiki i 25%.
