ʻO ka hihia Polani i ka wā o ke Kaua Nui, ʻāpana 4

"Polski's Treasures with the Baltic Sea", he pena kiʻi na Wojciech Kossak e hōʻike ana i nā hanana ma Puck, Pepeluali 10, 19920. Ua hoʻomaka ka Pomeranian Rifle Division i kāna hana ma Ianuali 16 ma Torun. Ua hui pū ʻia e ka 18 Wielkopolska Rifle Division (2nd Infantry Division). Ma ka la 15 o Feberuari, 11, haalele na koa hope loa ia Gdansk.

Ua lawe mai ʻo 1918 i ke kūʻokoʻa i nā Poles, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mokuʻāina Polani ma 1919. I ka makahiki 1919 i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kūloko o ka mokuʻāina a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kākoʻo ma nā ʻāina democratic o ʻEulopa Komohana. Noho mau lākou a hiki i kēia lā. I ka makahiki 1919, ua komo ka Lepupalika o Polani i kekahi mau paio kaua, aka, he mea nui wale no. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo maoli no ka mokuʻāina ʻōpio a me kāna pūʻali koa e hana ʻia ma 1920.

I ka pō o ke kūʻokoʻa, he pūʻali koa hōʻailona wale nō ʻo Polani. ʻO ko lākou poʻo nui he mau tausani koa o ka pūʻali koa o ke Aupuni Polani o Polani. I loko o ʻOkakopa, ua pālua ka helu o nā koa a ʻoi aku ma mua o 10. I Nowemapa, ua ʻike ʻia nā pūʻali koa hou: ua polonized nā ʻāpana o ka pūʻali koa Austro-Hungarian ma Lesser Polani, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka Hui Pūʻali Koa Polani (VOEN) ma ke Aupuni mua. o Polani. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā lākou nā mana hakakā nui: ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe wale ʻana o ka pūʻali koa imperial-aliʻi i alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pūʻali e noho nei, ʻoiai ma ke Aupuni Polani nā pūʻulu o nā pio o ke kaua i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka lehulehu. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kauoha kūloko - ka wehe ʻana i nā pūʻulu like ʻole a me nā pūʻulu, ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā repubalika limahana a me nā poʻe mahiʻai - hoʻomau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 000.

ʻO ka nāwaliwali o ka pūʻali koa o Polani i hōʻike ʻia e ka hui kaua o lalo o 2000 poʻe i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no ka hana kaua nui mua - ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o Lviv. No laila, pono ʻo Lvov e hakakā hoʻokahi no kekahi mau pule. I nā kaua me ka ʻenemi o waho - i ka manawa o 1918 a me 1919, ʻo lākou ka poʻe Rusyns, Czechs a me Bolshevik Russian - aia ka genesis o nā detachments kūikawā ma ka laina mua. I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 1918, ʻo kēia mau pūʻulu ʻehā i manaʻo ʻia he 50 mau pūʻali koa Polish. ʻO ka ʻelima o nā pūʻali koa ʻo ia ka Greater Poland Army, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia mai Ianuali 000, a ʻo ke ono ka pūʻali koa "Blue", ʻo ia hoʻi nā pūʻali i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Farani a me Italia.

ʻO ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Polani

ʻO ke kumu o ka pūʻali koa ka pūʻali koa. ʻO kona pūʻali kaua nui he pūʻali koa o nā haneli he nui. ʻO nā pūʻali koa he ʻāpana o nā regiment, akā aia nā regiment i nā hana hoʻokele a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana: he pūʻali koa ko ia regiment ma kahi o loko o ka ʻāina, kahi i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i nā koa hou aʻe, kāhiko iā lākou a hānai iā lākou. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana a ka regiment ma ke kahua kaua, ʻoiai ʻo ka mahele ka mea nui loa. ʻO ka mahele he hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, he ʻano pūʻali koa liʻiliʻi: ua hui pū ʻia nā pūʻali koa infantry, nā pā kaua a me nā pūʻali koa lio, mahalo i hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻano hana kaua āpau. I ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pūʻali koa i nā māhele ʻokoʻa wale nō he pūʻali koa pūʻali koa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui paramilitary o ke kauoha.

A hiki i ka pūnāwai o 1919, ʻaʻohe mahele o ka pūʻali koa Polani. Ua hakakā nā hui kaua like ʻole ma mua, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā regiments o nā ʻōpio manawaleʻa i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma ka ʻāina. No nā kumu like ʻole, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka draft i nā mahina mua. Ua makemake ka poʻe kahiko paʻakikī o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui e hoʻi i ko lākou mau ʻohana i ka wā hiki loa, a hiki i kā lākou kāhea ʻana i nā mea kaua ke pau i ka haʻalele ʻana a me nā kipi. I loko o nā pūʻali hoʻokaʻawale ʻekolu a pau, aia ka ferment kipi, pono ke kali a mālie ke ʻano. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki i nā keʻena o ka moku'āina ʻo Polani ke hoʻopaʻa i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa: hoʻomākaukau i nā papa inoa o nā conscripts, kau iā lākou, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, e koi ana i ka poʻe makemake ʻole i nā lole. Akā ʻo ka pilikia nui loa, ʻo ia ka nele o ke kālā. Hoʻolilo ka pūʻali i ke kālā, no laila pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā kumuwaiwai āu e loaʻa ai, hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻōnaehana kālā, a hana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻauhau kūpono. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka palapala palapala ma Ianuali 15, 1919 ma ke kauoha a ke Poʻo o ka Mokuʻāina.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokumu ʻia he 12 mau pūʻali koa, akā ua ʻike koke ʻia ua ʻae ka mokuʻāina o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Polani e hoʻonui i kēia helu. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā māhele ma ka hopena o Malaki a me ʻApelila 1919. ʻOiai ʻo nā pūʻali liʻiliʻi a me nā lako pono ʻole i hakakā i ka poʻe hana ʻino no kekahi mau mahina, ʻo kā lākou hoʻolaʻa mehameha i hiki ai ke hoʻomākaukau i nā pūʻali koa ikaika a mākaukau hoʻi i ke kaua, a ʻo ko lākou hōʻea ʻana mai aneane hoʻololi koke i ke ʻano o nā hanana. ka hopena o ka hakaka. A ʻoiai, ma waho aʻe o ka pūʻali koa, ua hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia nā pūʻali koa i nā ʻano hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa - nā pū, nā sappers, nā mokulele ikaika loa a ʻaʻole i emi iki ka ikaika o nā mea kaua - ʻo ka dynamics o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi māhele infantry e hōʻike maopopo loa ana i ka politika, ka waiwai a me ka pūʻali koa. pilikia o ka mokuaina opio Polani.

Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā māhele mua ʻekolu i ka legionnaires. Ua hakakā ʻelua o lākou i nā Bolsheviks Lūkini a hoʻokuʻu iā Vilnius i ka pūnāwai o 1919. Ua hakakā me lākou ka poʻe manawaleʻa o ka palena palena mua mai Kaunas a Minsk. I ʻOkakopa 1919, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā māhele ʻelua, i kapa ʻia ʻo Lithuanian-Belarusian. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai nā pūʻali koa ʻē aʻe o ka Pūʻali Polani, a ua lilo ko lākou mau koa i mea ikaika ma hope o nā hana a General Żeligowski ma Vilnius. Ma hope o ke kaua, lilo lākou i 19th a me 20th Rifle Division.

Ua kaua aku ka mahele 3 o ka legion me na Rusyns a me Ukrainians. ʻElua mau mea hou i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke alo hoʻokahi: ʻo ka 4th Rifle Regiment kahi ʻāpana o ke kōkua mua Lviv, a ʻo ka 5th Rifle Regiment kekahi hapa o ka pūʻali koa Lvov. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea mai nā regiment ma ke Aupuni mua a me Galicia mua: 6th Infantry Regiment ma Krakow, 7th Infantry Regiment in Częstochowa, 8th Infantry Regiment in Warsaw. I Iune, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka 9th Rifle Division ma Polesie a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka 10th Rifle Division ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā regiment Lodz me ka Polish 4th Rifle Division, i hōʻea mai nei i ka ʻāina.