P-51 Mustang i ke Kaua Korea

ʻO Lieutenant Colonel Robert "Pancho" Pasqualicchio, ka luna o ka 18 FBG, hoʻopuni i kāna Mustang i kapa ʻia ʻo "Ol 'NaD SOB" ("Napalm Dropping Son of a Bitch"); Kepakemapa 1951 Ua hana ʻia ka mokulele i hōʻike ʻia (45-11742) ma ke ʻano he P-51D-30-NT a ʻo ia ka Mustang hope loa i hana ʻia e North American Aviation.

ʻO ka Mustang, ka mea hakakā kaulana i hele i lalo i ka mōʻaukala ʻo ia ka mea nāna i uhaʻi i ka mana o ka Luftwaffe i ka makahiki 1944-1945, i kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai ma Korea, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i kahi hana mahalo ʻole a kūpono ʻole iā ia ma ke ʻano he mokulele hoʻouka. ʻO kona komo ʻana i kēia kaua ua unuhi ʻia i kēia lā - pono ʻole! - ʻoi aku ka like me ka hoihoi ma mua o kahi mea i hoʻoikaika a hoʻoikaika paha i ka hopena o kēia paio.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua ma Korea he manawa pōkole wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo ʻAmelika a me nā Lūkini i hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāina i ka hapalua i ka makahiki 1945, e noho luna ana ma luna o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ʻelua mau mokuʻāina kūʻē - he komunista ma ka ʻākau a he kapitalista ma ka hema. ʻekolu makahiki ma hope.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia ke kaua no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka Peninsula Korea, a ua hoʻomaka ka hakakā no nā makahiki, ʻaʻole mākaukau loa ka pūʻali koa South Korea no ia. ʻAʻohe ona kaʻa kaua, a ʻaʻohe pūʻali koa lewa - ua makemake ka poʻe ʻAmelika e hoʻolei i ke koena nui o nā mokulele i waiho ʻia ma ka Hikina Hikina ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻana iā lākou i ka hui Korea i ʻole e "hoʻopilikia i ke koena o ka mana ma ka honua. ʻāina” .” I kēia manawa, loaʻa i nā pūʻali koa o ka DPRK (DPRK) mai nā Lūkini, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau kakini a me nā mokulele (ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kaua Yak-9P a me nā mokulele hoʻouka Il-10). I ka wanaʻao i ka lā 25 o Iune, 1950, ua hele lākou i ka 38th parallel.

"Na Tiga Lele o Korea"

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻo nā ʻAmelika, nā mea pale nui o South Korea (ʻoiai ua lilo nā pūʻali UN i 21 mau ʻāina, 90% o ka pūʻali koa i hele mai mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa) ʻaʻole mākaukau e hoʻihoʻi i kahi hoʻouka kaua o kēia nui.

Ua hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka US Air Force i FEAF (Far East Air Force), ʻo ia hoʻi. Lewa o ka Hikina mamao. ʻO kēia hoʻokumu ikaika ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ia mau pūʻali koa Air Force ʻekolu, mai Mei 31, 1950, he 553 mau mokulele i lawelawe, me 397 mau mea kaua: 365 F-80 Shooting Star a me 32 twin-hull , twin-engine F- 82 me ka hoʻokele piston. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia pūʻali koa ka 8th a me 49th FBG (Fighter-Bomber Group) a me ka 35th FIG (Fighter-Interceptor Group) i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma Iapana a me kahi hapa o nā pūʻali noho. ʻO nā mea ʻekolu, a me ka 18th FBG i hoʻonoho ʻia ma Philippines, i hoʻohuli ʻia mai F-1949 Mustangs i F-1950s ma waena o '51 a me '80 - kekahi mau mahina ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Korea.

ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o ka F-80, ʻoiai ua like ia me ka quantum leap (ka hoʻololi ʻana mai kahi piston a i ka ʻenekini jet), ua hoʻoneʻe iā ia i kahi pale hohonu. Aia nā moʻolelo e pili ana i ka laulā o ka Mustang. I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, lele ka poʻe hakakā o kēia ʻano mai Iwo Jima ma luna o Tokyo - ma kahi o 1200 km hoʻokahi ala. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka F-80, ma muli o kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie kiʻekiʻe, he wahi liʻiliʻi loa - ma kahi o 160 km wale nō i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu kūloko. ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia ka mokulele me ʻelua mau pahu waho, i hoʻonui i kona ākea i kahi 360 km, ma kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lawe i nā pōkā. ʻO ka mamao mai nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana kokoke loa (Kyushu a me Honshu) a hiki i ka 38th parallel, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka hakakā, ma kahi o 580 km. Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole lele wale nā ​​mokulele kākoʻo maʻamau, hoʻouka a lele aku, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pōʻai a puni, mākaukau e hāʻawi i ke kōkua ke kāhea ʻia mai ka honua.

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia nā ʻāpana F-80 i South Korea i ka pilikia. No kēia ʻano mokulele, ua koi ʻia nā ala holo i hoʻoikaika ʻia 2200 m. I kēlā manawa, ʻoiai ma Iapana he ʻehā wale nō mau mokulele. ʻAʻohe mea ma South Korea, a ʻo ke koena i loko o kahi kūlana weliweli. ʻOiai i ka wā o ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻāina, ua kūkulu ka poʻe Kepani i ʻumi mau kahua mokulele, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ʻo nā Korea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kā lākou lele kaua ponoʻī, mālama ʻelua wale nō i ke kūlana hana.

No kēia kumu, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua, ua ʻike ʻia nā F-82 mua ma luna o ke kahua kaua - ʻo nā pūʻali koa US Air Force wale nō i loaʻa i kēlā manawa, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻae i nā hoʻolaha lōʻihi. Ua hana ko lākou mau pūʻali i nā huakaʻi hoʻokipa i kahi o ke kapikala o South Korea, Seoul, i hopu ʻia e ka ʻenemi ma Iune 28. I kēia manawa, ua koi ʻo Lee Seung-man, ka pelekikena o South Korea, i ka ʻelele US e hoʻonohonoho i nā mokulele kaua nona, me ka ʻōlelo ʻia he ʻumi Mustang wale nō. I ka pane ʻana, ua lele aku nā ʻAmelika i ʻumi mau pailaka o South Korea i Itazuke Air Base ma Iapana e aʻo iā lākou e lele i ka F-51. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā mea i loaʻa ma Iapana he mau mokulele kahiko i hoʻohana ʻia e huki i nā pahuhopu hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o nā pailaka Korea, i loko o ke kahua o ka papahana Fight One, ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea manawaleʻa mai ka 8th VBR. Ua kauoha ʻia lākou e kekahi mea nui. ʻO Dean Hess, ka mea kahiko o nā hana ma luna o Farani i ka makahiki 1944 ma nā mana o Thunderbolt.

Ua ʻike koke ʻia e koi ʻia nā Mustang ma mua o ʻumi mau Korea i aʻo ʻia. Ua loaʻa iā Johnson (ʻo Iruma i kēia manawa) a me Tachikawa nā kahua mokulele ma kahi kokoke i Tokyo he 37 mau mokulele o kēia ʻano e kali ana e kāpae ʻia, akā pono lākou āpau i ka hoʻoponopono nui. ʻO ka nui o 764 Mustangs i lawelawe i ka US National Guard, a 794 i mālama ʻia i kahi mālama - akā naʻe, pono e lawe ʻia mai ka USA.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike o ke Kaua Honua II e like me ka Thunderbolt a i ʻole ka F4U Corsair (ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hope me ka lanakila nui ma Korea e ka US Navy a me US Marine Corps - heluhelu hou ma kēia kumuhana). Aviation International" 8/2019). ʻO ka Mustang, i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻenekini inline hoʻoluʻu wai, ua ʻike ʻia i ke ahi mai ka honua. ʻO Edgar Schmued, ka mea nāna i hoʻolālā i kēia mokulele, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pahu hopu ʻāina, me ka wehewehe ʻana ʻaʻole manaʻolana loa i kēia hana, no ka mea, hiki i hoʻokahi poka raifela 0,3-inihi ke komo i ka radiator, a laila e loaʻa iā ʻoe ʻelua mau minuke o ka lele. mamua o ke ku ana o ka enekini. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka wā i kuhikuhi ʻia ai ka Mustangs i nā pahuhopu ʻāina i nā mahina hope loa o ke Kaua Honua II, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā pohō nui mai ke ahi anti-aircraft. Ma Korea, ʻoi aku ka ʻino ma kēia ʻano, no ka mea ma ʻaneʻi ua maʻa ka ʻenemi i ka pana ʻana i nā mokulele lele haʻahaʻa. me nā lima liʻiliʻi, e like me nā pū mikini.

No ke aha i hoʻokomo ʻole ʻia ai nā Thunderbolts? I ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke Kaua Korea, aia he 1167 F-47 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pūʻali i lawelawe ikaika me ka National Guard he 265 wale nō. nā ʻāpana i hoʻonoho ʻia i kēlā manawa ma Ma ka Hikina Hikina, ua hoʻohana nā mea kaua o ka US Air Force i Mustangs i ka manawa ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻia ʻana i nā mokulele (ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi mau pūʻali koa i nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokahi no nā kumu kamaʻilio). No laila, ʻike lākou i ka hoʻokele ʻana iā lākou, a me nā limahana o ka ʻāina pehea e mālama ai iā lākou. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi o nā F-51 i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Iapana, a ʻaʻohe Thunderbolts - a ke holo nei ka manawa.

Ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka papahana Bout One, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻololi i ke aʻo ʻana o nā pailaka Korea i ko lākou ʻāina. I kēlā lā, i ka ʻauinalā o Iune 29, aia nō ʻo General MacArthur i laila e mālama i kahi ʻaha kūkā me Pelekikena Lee ma Suwon. Ma hope koke iho o ka pae ʻana, ua hoʻouka ʻia ke kahua mokulele e nā mokulele ʻĀkau o Korea. Hele aku la ka Generala a me ka Peresidena iwaho e nana i na mea e hana nei. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻo ia ka manawa i hōʻea mai ai nā Mustang ʻehā, i hoʻokele ʻia e nā kumu aʻo ʻAmelika. Ua kipaku koke ko lakou mau pailaka i ka enemi. 2 / l. Ua pana ʻo Orrin Fox i ʻelua mokulele hoʻouka kaua Il-10. ʻO Richard Burns wale nō. Ua hōʻike ʻo Lieutenant Harry Sandlin i ka La-7 fighter. ʻO ka Peresidena Rhee hauʻoli nui, e pili ana i nā mea manawaleʻa ʻAmelika i kaua i ke kaua mua no Burma a me Kina, ua kapa ʻia lākou "nā tigers lele o Korea."

Ma ke ahiahi o ia lā (Iune 29), ua ʻae ke Kuhina Nui o Australia e komo i nā Mustangs o 77 Squadron. ʻO ia ka pūʻali koa RAAF hope loa i koe ma Iapana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II. Ua kauoha ʻia e Air Force Commander Louis Spence, ʻo ia ka mea i ka manawa o 1941/42, lele ʻo Kittyhawks me ka 3rd Squadron RAAF, i hana i 99 hoʻokele ma luna o ʻApelika ʻĀkau a pana i lalo i ʻelua mokulele. Ua kauoha ʻo ia i kahi Spitfire Squadron (452 ​​​​Squadron RAAF) ma ka Pākīpika.

Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe Australia i ka hana ma ka 2 Iulai 1950 mai ko lākou kahua ma Iwakuni kokoke i Hiroshima, e alakaʻi ana i nā mea hoʻokūkū mokulele US. Ua alakaʻi mua lākou i ka B-26 Invaders i Seoul, kahi e huli ana i nā alahaka ma luna o ka muliwai Hangang. Ma ke ala, ua ʻalo ka poʻe Australia i kahi huli ʻoi loa mai ka laina o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā F-80s ʻAmelika, nāna lākou i kuhi ʻo ka ʻenemi. A laila, alakaʻi lākou iā Yonpo Superfortece B-29. I ka lā aʻe (Iulai 3) ua kauoha ʻia lākou e hoʻouka i kahi ma waena o Suwon a me Pyeongtaek. Ua nīnau ʻo V/Cm Spence i ka ʻike ua hele ka ʻenemi i kēlā mamao ma ka hema. Akā naʻe, ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ia ua ʻike pololei ʻia ka pahuhopu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻouka ʻo Australian Mustangs i nā koa o South Korea, a make 29 a hōʻeha i nā mea he nui aku. ʻO ka hāʻule mua ʻana o ka pūʻali koa i ka lā 7 o Iulai, i ka wā i make ai ka hope luna koa o ka pūʻali koa Sergeant Graham Strout i ke ahi pale ea i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka pā mākaʻi ma Samchek.

Nā mea kaua "Mustangs" 127-mm HVAR missiles. ʻOiai ua kūpaʻa ka pale kaua o ka North Korean T-34/85 iā lākou, ua maikaʻi lākou a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e kūʻē i nā mea hana ʻē aʻe a me nā kūlana kiʻi kiʻi kipi.

ʻO ka improvisation maikaʻi loa

I kēia manawa, ma Iulai 3, ua hoʻomaka nā pailaka o ka papahana Fight One - he ʻumi ʻAmelika (nā kumu aʻoaʻo) a me ʻeono South Korea - i nā hana kaua mai ke kahua mokulele ma Daegu (K-2). ʻO kā lākou hoʻouka kaua mua i kuhikuhi ʻia i nā kolamu alakaʻi o ka DPRK 4th Mechanized Division i kona neʻe ʻana mai Yongdeungpo a hiki i Suwon. I ka lā aʻe (Iulai 4) ma ka ʻāina ʻo Anyang, hema o Seoul, ua hoʻouka lākou i kahi kolamu o nā pahu T-34/85 a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe. Ua make ʻo Konela Keun-Sok Lee i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, ua pana ʻia paha e ke ahi anti-aircraft, ʻoiai e like me kekahi ʻano hanana ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kiʻi i kāna F-51 mai kahi lele luʻu a hāʻule. I kekahi hihia, ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokele Mustang mua i hāʻule i ke Kaua Korea. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hakakā ʻo Lee, a laila he sergeant, (ma lalo o ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo Aoki Akira) i ka mokulele mokulele Kepani, lele ʻo Ki-27 Nate me ka 77th Sentai. I ke kaua ʻana ma ka lā 25 o Dekemaba, 1941 ma luna o Rangoon (ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka "Flying Tigers"), ua pana ʻia ʻo ia a hopu ʻia.

Ma hope koke iho, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i nā pailaka Korea mai ka ikaika kaua a e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomau i kā lākou aʻo ʻana. No kēia, ua waiho ʻia lākou me ʻeono Mustangs a me Maj. Hess a me ke kapena. ʻO Milton Bellovin i mau kumu aʻo. I ke kaua, ua pani ʻia lākou e nā mea manawaleʻa mai ka 18th FBG (ka hapa nui mai ka pūʻali hoʻokahi - ka 12th FBS), i hoʻonoho ʻia ma Philippines. ʻO ka hui i kapa ʻia ʻo "Dallas Squadron" a me nā pailaka he 338, me 36 mau luna. Ua kauoha ʻia e Kāpena Harry Moreland, ʻo ia ka mea i lele i ke Kaua Honua ʻElua (e lawelawe ana ma ka 27th FG) i lele 150 Thunderbolt sorties ma luna o Italia a me Farani. Ua hōʻea ka hui i Iapana i Iulai 10 a haʻalele i Daegu i kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, kahi i komo ai nā kumu aʻo mua o Bout One (koe wale nō ʻo Hess lāua ʻo Bellovin).

Ua lawe ʻo Kāpena Squadron Morelanda i ka inoa 51. FS (P) - The letter "P" (Provisional) meant its improvised, temporary nature. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ke kaua ma Iulai 15, he 16 wale nō mau mokulele i lawelawe. ʻO ka hana mua a ka pūʻali koa ka luku ʻana i nā kaʻa kaua alahao i haʻalele ʻia ma Daejeon e nā ʻAmelika e hoʻi wikiwiki ana. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Kāpena Moreland, ke alakaʻi pūʻali koa, i kekahi o kona mau lā mua ma Korea:

Ua lele mākou ma nā mokulele ʻelua ma ke alanui mai Seoul a i Daejeon me ka manaʻo e hoʻouka i nā mea āpau i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o kā mākou mau pahu. ʻO kā mākou pahuhopu mua he mau kaʻa kaʻa ʻĀkau ʻĀkau, a mākou i kī ai a laila napalm-pelled.

Nui nā kaʻa ma nā alanui kokoke. He mau minuke ma hope o ko mākou huli ʻana i ka hema, ʻike wau i kahi ʻōpala nui i waenakonu o ke kula me nā kapuaʻi e alakaʻi ana i laila. Lele haʻahaʻa wau ma luna o ia mea a ʻike wau he pahu kāmele ia. Ma muli o ia manawa ua hoʻohana mākou i nā napalm a pau, ua hoʻoholo mākou e ʻike inā hiki i kā mākou mau pū mīkini hapalua iniha ke hana i kekahi mea. ʻAʻole hiki i nā pōkā ke komo i loko o ke kapa kila, akā ua puhi i ke ahi i ka mauʻu. I ka wā i loaʻa ai kēia, lele pinepine mākou ma luna o ka mauʻu i mea e hoʻā ai i ke ahi me ka hanu o ka ea. Ua paila maoli ka lapalapa i loko o ka pahu - i ko mākou pōʻai ʻana ma luna, ua pahū koke. Wahi a kekahi pailaka, "Inā ua pana ʻoe i kahi mauu e like me kēia a ʻā aʻe, ua ʻike ʻoe ʻoi aku ka nui o ia mea ma mua o ka mauʻu."

ʻO 2/Lt W. Bille Crabtree ka mea hoʻokele mokulele mua i make, nāna i hoʻopau i kāna mau pōkā ponoʻī ma 25 Iulai i ka wā e hoʻouka ana i kahi pahu hopu ma Gwangju. I ka hopena o ka mahina, ua nalowale ʻo No. 51 Squadron (P) he ʻumi Mustangs. I loko o kēia manawa, ma muli o ke kūlana koʻikoʻi ma mua, ua hoʻouka ʻo ia i nā kolamu ʻenemi e hele ana i ka pō, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūpono ka F-51 iā ia - ʻo ke ahi mai ke ahi pū mīkini a me ke ahi rocket i makapō i nā pailaka.

I ʻAukake, ʻo Moreland Squadron ka mea mua ma Korea i hoʻolauna i nā missiles anti-tank ATAR 6,5-inch (165 mm) me kahi poʻo kaua HEAT. ʻO nā pūpū HVAR 5-ʻīniha (127 mm) ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokuʻu wale i ka pahu, e uhaʻi i nā ala. ʻO Napalm, i lawe ʻia i loko o nā kaʻa kaʻa ma lalo, ʻo ia ka mea kaua weliweli loa o nā Mustang a hiki i ka hopena o ke kaua. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole i paʻi pololei ka mea hoʻokele i ka pahu hopu, ua puhi pinepine ka pahu i nā ala T-34/85 i ke ahi mai ka paʻi ahi a ua wela ka pahu holoʻokoʻa i ke ahi. ʻO Napalm wale nō ka mea kaua i makaʻu ʻia e nā koa Korea ʻĀkau. I ka wā i kiʻi ʻia ai a pahū ʻia paha, ʻo ka poʻe i paʻa wale i nā pū pu panapana e waiho ana ma ko lākou kua a kiʻi pololei i ka lewa.

ʻO Kāpena Marvin Wallace o 35. Hoʻomanaʻo ʻo FIG: I ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua napalm, he mea kupanaha ka nui o nā kino o nā koa Korea i hōʻike ʻole i nā hōʻailona o ke ahi. Ma muli paha o ka ʻā ʻana o ka ʻaila mānoanoa i loko o ka jelly, e omo ana i ka oxygen a pau mai ka lewa. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ka nui o ka uahi ʻūhā.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ua hoʻouka wale nā ​​​​mea hoʻokele Mustang i nā pahuhopu i ʻike ʻole ʻia, e hana ana i nā kūlana paʻakikī - ma ke kumu ao haʻahaʻa, ma ka ʻāina mauna, alakaʻi ʻia e ka heluhelu panana a me kā lākou ʻike ponoʻī (ua nalowale kahi hōʻiliʻili waiwai o nā palapala ʻāina a me nā kiʻi lewa i ka wā i haʻalele ai nā ʻAmelika mai Korea. i ka makahiki 1949.). Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau hana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻana o ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokele lekiō, me he mea lā ua poina ʻia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua.

Ma muli o ka ʻaha kūkā i mālama ʻia ma Iulai 7 ma Tokyo, ua hoʻoholo ke keʻena nui o ka FEAF e hoʻolako hou i ʻeono mau pūʻali F-80 me F-51, ʻoiai ua loaʻa nā mea hope. ʻO ka nui o nā Mustang i hoʻoponopono ʻia ma Iapana ua hiki ke hoʻolako iā lākou me 40 FIS mai ka 35th detachment. Ua loaʻa i ka pūʻali koa Mustangs i ka lā 10 Iulai, a hoʻomaka i nā hana ʻelima mau lā ma hope mai Pohang ma ke kahakai hikina o Korea, i ka manawa i hoʻopau ai ka pūʻali ʻenekinia i ka waiho ʻana i nā moena PSP i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ke kahua mokulele kahiko o Iapana, a laila koho ʻia ʻo K. -3 . Ua kuhikuhi ʻia kēia wikiwiki e ke kūlana ma ka ʻāina - ʻo nā pūʻali UN, hoʻihoʻi ʻia i Pusan ​​​​(ke awa nui loa ma South Korea) ma ke kahawai ʻo Tsushima, ua hoʻi hope ma ka laina mua.

ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hōʻea koke mai nā koa haole mua. Hāʻawi ʻia lākou e ka mokulele mokulele USS Boxer, nāna i lawe ma luna o 145 Mustangs (79 mai ka National Guard units a me 66 mai nā hale kūʻai o ka McClelland Air Force Base) a me 70 mau pailaka i aʻo ʻia. Ua holo ka moku mai Alameda, Kaleponi i ka la 14 o Iulai, a ua haawi aku ia lakou i Yokosuki, Iapana i ka la 23 o Iulai i ka manawa o na la ewalu me na hora ehiku.

Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia kēia hāʻawi ʻana no ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā pūʻali ʻelua ma Korea - ka 51st FS(P) a me ka 40th FIS - i nā ʻauwaʻa maʻamau o 25 mau mokulele. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻolako hou ʻia ka 67th FBS, a me nā limahana o ka 18th FBG, kona ʻohana makua, ua hele mai Philippines a Iapana. Ua hoʻomaka ka pūʻali koa i nā Mustangs ma ʻAukake 1 mai ke kahua ʻo Ashiya ma ka mokupuni ʻo Kyushu. ʻElua lā ma hope mai, ua neʻe ke keʻena nui o ka ʻāpana i Taeg. Ma laila ʻo ia i lawe ai i ka mana o ka 51st FS(P), i hana kūʻokoʻa, a laila hoʻololi i kona inoa i ka 12th FBS a hoʻonoho pono ʻole ʻia i alakaʻi hou me ke kūlana o ka nui (pono ʻo Kāpena Moreland e ʻoluʻolu me ka ʻoihana o ka luna hana o ka squadron). ʻAʻohe wahi no ka hui lua ma Daegu, no laila ua noho ka 67th squadron ma Ashiya.

I ka lā 30 o Iulai i ka makahiki 1950, ua loaʻa i nā pūʻali FEAF he 264 Mustangs i ko lākou hoʻohana ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou a pau i hana piha. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hana ka poʻe hoʻokele i nā mea hoʻokele ma luna o nā mokulele i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​mea kani pākahi. Ua hoʻi mai kekahi me nā ʻēheu pōʻino no ka pohā ʻana o nā pū mīkini ʻeleʻele i ke kī ʻana. ʻO kahi pilikia ʻokoʻa ʻo ke kūlana ʻenehana maikaʻi ʻole o nā F-51 i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ʻē. Aia ka manaʻoʻiʻo i nā pūʻali koa o nā alo i nā ʻāpana o ka National Guard, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hāʻawi i kā lākou mokulele i nā pono o ke kaua e hoʻomau nei, ua hoʻopau i ka poʻe me ka waiwai nui loa (ʻaʻole helu i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻo Mustangs. i hana ʻia mai ka makahiki 1945, no laila, ʻo nā ʻāpana āpau, ʻoiai nā mea hou loa, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia, he "kahiko"). ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole, ʻo nā hana hewa a me nā hemahema, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻenekini, ua lilo kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā poho ma waena o nā pailaka F-51 ma Korea.

Hoʻoiho mua

ʻO ka hakakā ʻana no ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Busan foothold he mea ʻino loa. Ma ke kakahiaka o ʻAukake 5, ua alakaʻi ka luna o ka 67th FPS, ʻo Major S. Louis Sebil, i kahi hale kiaʻi o ʻekolu Mustangs i ka hoʻouka ʻana i kahi kolamu mechanized e kū kokoke ana i ke kauhale o Hamchang. Ke holo wale nei na kaa i ka muliwai Naktong, e hele ana i ke alahaka kahi e nee aku ai na koa DPRK i ka hoouka ana ia Taegu. Ua lako ʻia ka mokulele o Sebill me ʻeono pōkā a me ʻelua mau pōkā 227 kg. I ka hoʻokokoke mua ʻana i ka pahu hopu, ua paʻa kekahi o nā pōkā ma luna o ka ejector a me ka pilote, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻihoʻi hou i ka mana ma luna o ka F-51, ua lilo ia i mea maʻalahi no ke ahi mai ka honua. Ma hope o kona ʻeha ʻana, haʻi akula ʻo ia i kona mau ʻēheu e pili ana i ka ʻeha, he mea make paha. Ma hope o ka hoʻohuli ʻana iā lākou e hoʻāʻo e hele i Daegu, pane ʻo ia, "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana i kēlā." Huli aʻe au a lawe i ke keiki a ka wahine. Luʻu akula ʻo ia i ke kolamu ʻenemi, kiʻi i nā pōkā, wehe i ke ahi pū mīkini, a hāʻule i loko o kahi mea lawe lima i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a pahū ka pōkā ma lalo o ka ʻēheu. No keia hana Mei. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Sebilla i ka Medal of Honor.

Ma hope koke iho, ua kokoke loa ke kahua mokulele ma Daegu (K-2) i ka laina mua, a ma ka lā 8 o ʻAukake, ua koi ʻia ke keʻena nui o ka 18 FBG, me ka 12th FBG, e haʻalele i ke kahua ʻo Ashiya. Ma ia lā hoʻokahi, ua kipa aku ka pūʻali lua o ka 3th FPG, 35th FIS, iā Pohang (K-39), e ʻohi ana i kā lākou Mustang i hoʻokahi lā ma mua. Ma Pohang, ua komo lākou i ka 40th FIS i hoʻonoho ʻia ma laila, ʻaʻole naʻe i lōʻihi. ʻO ka poʻe o ka ʻāina, nāna i lawelawe i ka mokulele i ke ao, pono lākou e pale aku i nā hoʻouka kaua a nā poʻe guerrilla e hoʻāʻo nei e wāwahi i ka mokulele ma lalo o ka uhi o ka pō. I ka hopena, i ka lā 13 o ʻAukake, ua koi ka ʻenemi i ka 35 FIG holoʻokoʻa e haʻalele ma ke kahawai ʻo Tsushima a hiki i Tsuiki.

ʻO ka 8th FBG ka hope loa o nā Mustangs e hoʻololi i nā mea hana me ka nalowale ʻole o ka hana o kahi lā. I ke kakahiaka o ʻAukake 11, ua haʻalele nā ​​mea hoʻokele o nā pūʻulu hui ʻelua - ka 35th a me 36th FBS - mai Itazuke no ka F-51 sortie mua ma Korea a pae hope loa i Tsuiki, kahi i noho ai mai ia manawa. I kēlā lā, ua hoʻokau ʻo Kāpena Charles Brown o ka FBS 36th i kahi North Korean T-34/85. Ua pane ʻo ia me ke ahi a me ka pololei. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia inā he pūkuniahi paha, no ka mea, ua wehe nā pūʻali koa o nā kaʻa hoʻouka ʻia o nā pūʻali KRDL i nā pā a pau a kī pū kekahi i kekahi mai nā pū mīkini! I kekahi hihia, kapena. Ua loaʻa iā Brown ka hanohano kānalua ʻo ia wale nō paha ka mea hoʻokele i kēia kaua i pana ʻia e kahi pahu pahu (a i ʻole kāna poʻe holo moku).

Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hoihoi nui nā pailaka i ka hoʻolako hou ʻana i ka F-51. E like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka VBR 8, ua ʻike ka nui o lākou me ko lākou mau maka ponoʻī i ke kaua ma mua i ke kumu i hāʻule ai ka Mustang ma ke ʻano he mokulele kokoke i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā pūʻali koa honua. ʻAʻole lākou hauʻoli i ka hōʻike hou ʻana ma kā lākou uku ponoʻī.

Ma ka waena o ʻAukake 1950, ua hoʻi nā pūʻulu F-51 maʻamau i Iapana: ka 18th FBG (12th a me 67th FBS) ma Asia, Kyushu, ka 35th FIG (39th a me 40th FIS) a me 8th FBG. 35th FBS) ma ke kahua kokoke i Tsuiki. ʻO ka poʻe Australia mai ka helu 36 Squadron i hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia ma Iwakuni ma ka mokupuni ʻo Honshu, mai Daegu Airport (K-77) wale nō no ka lako hou a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana. ʻO ke kula mokulele wale nō o ka papahana But One ma lalo o ke kauoha a kahi mea nui. Hessa, mai Daeeg a i Sacheon Airport (K-2), a laila i Jinhae (K-4). Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, lawe ʻo Hess i kāna mau haumāna i nā laina mua kokoke loa i hiki i ko lākou mau hoa ʻāina ke ʻike i nā mokulele e loaʻa ana nā hōʻailona South Korea, kahi i hoʻoikaika ai i ko lākou ʻano. Eia kekahi, ua lele ʻo ia iho i nā ʻano hui ʻole - a hiki i ʻumi mau manawa i ka lā (sic!) - nona ka inoa i kapa ʻia ʻo "Air Force lone".

Ua kokoke loa ke kahua mokulele ʻo Chinghe i ka laina mua e hoʻopuni ana i ke alahaka o Busan no ka mālama ʻana i kahi pūʻali ea maʻamau ma laila. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ma kahi mau kilomita ma ka hikina o Busan, ua ʻike nā ʻAmelika i kahi kahua mokulele Iapana i poina. I ka wā i kūkulu hou ai nā pūʻali ʻenekinia i ka ʻōnaehana o nā ʻauwai a me ka waiho ʻana i nā moena metala, ma ka lā 8 o Kepakemapa, ua neʻe ka 18 Mustang VBR. Mai ia manawa, ua helu ʻia ka mokulele ʻo Busan East (K-9).