Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kerosene: ka mōʻaukala a me ka hana ʻana o ka huahana, kona ʻano a me ka laulā

ʻO ke kerosene kahi mea ʻalohilohi me kahi ʻano ʻaila, aniani a māmā paha, melemele ke kala. Loaʻa ka waiwai ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻāpana multicomponent ma ka distillation a i ʻole ka distillation pololei o ka ʻaila. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka wai hydrocarbons he wahi paila mai +150°C a i +250°C. Ma muli o nā waiwai o ka huahana aila a me kona mau hiʻohiʻona, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i ke kerosene no ka lawelawe ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā mokulele, a me nā mea uila a me nā mea hou aku.

ʻO ka inoa kerosene mai ka Helene kahiko "Κηρός", ʻo ia hoʻi ka wax

ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka kerosene ma Rusia

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻaila hinu, kona ʻano nui, flammability a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kinoea kukui a me nā ʻano momona āpau. Ua hoʻomaka e hoʻohana ikaika ʻia i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no ka ʻaila, a ua hoʻoikaika ka ʻoihana ʻaila i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hana eli a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i ke gula ʻeleʻele.

Ua piʻi nui ka makemake i ka ʻaila me ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kapuahi ʻaila a me nā kapuahi ʻaila, i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā wahi āpau no ka kuke ʻana.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hoʻomaka nā mīkini mahiʻai me ka carburetor a me nā ʻenekini diesel e hoʻopiha ʻia me ka aila. Akā ua pilikia kēia.

ʻO ka helu octane o ka aila ʻaila ma lalo o 40 mau ʻāpana, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka volatility ma mua o ka ʻaila, no laila ua paʻakikī loa ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kahi mīkini anu. Ma kēia mea, ua lako nā mīkini me kahi pahu hau liʻiliʻi hou.

Ua kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka aila ʻaila i hoʻopau ʻia e nā kaʻa ma ke ʻano he wahie, a ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻaila a me ka wahie diesel.

Hoʻomaka hou ka kaulana o ke kerosene i ka waena o ke kenekulia iwakālua, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana mokulele a me nā rocket.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aila ʻaila

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ka aila (distillation pololei a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana), kānana mua ʻia ka waiwai mai ka wai, nā haumia inorganic, etc. Ke lawe ʻia ka wai i kekahi mau wela, e hoʻolapalapa a kū i waho nā hakina like ʻole:

• A hiki i 250 ° C - naphtha a me ka ʻaila.
• Mai ka 250 ° C a hiki i 315 ° C - ka aila kerosene-gas.
• Mai 300 ° C a hiki i 350 ° C - aila (solar).

Wahi a GOST 12.1.007-76, ʻo ka papa pōʻino o ke kerosene he 4, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. He mea wela loa ka wai, a ʻo kona mau mahu, i ka wā e launa pū ai me ka ea, hana ia i nā hui pahū.

ʻO ke kerosene, inā pili ia me nā maka a me ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki.

Ka haku ʻana o ka ʻaila ʻaila

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o ke kerosene e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana kemika a me nā ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana aila. Ma waho aʻe o nā haumia o ka oxygen, nitrogen a me ka sulfur pūhui, aia nā hydrocarbons:

nānaina	Pakeneka
palena	20 a 60
palena ʻole	A hiki i ka 2
Kaʻa paikikala	5 a 25
Naphthenic	20 a 50

Hiki ke ʻano like ʻole ke kerosene RO a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ma +20°C nā helu penei:

• Ka mānoanoa mai 0,78 a i .85 g/cm³.
• Viscosity mai 1,2 a i 4,5 mm²/s.

ʻO ka helu uila mai +28 a +72°C, ʻoiai ʻo ka mahana hoʻāla ponoʻī hiki ke hiki i +400°C. ʻO ka nui o ka kerosene, e like me nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā hōʻailona wela a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO 0.800 kg/m ka mānoanoa awelika o ka aila³·

He aha ka kerosene e hoʻohana ai?

E like me kekahi o nā huahana ʻaila maʻamau, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ke kerosene ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole. He kūpono paha nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana:

• Nā wahie mokulele.
• mea hoʻohui wahie rocket.
• wahie no ka mea puhi ahi.
• Hoʻopiha piha i nā mea hana hale.
• Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūʻai ʻole.
• Nā mea ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻoilo a me ka diesel arctic.

I ka wā ma mua a i kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila kukui maikaʻi. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma ka hana ʻana i nā hale hana, nā hale hana home, etc. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo e pono e mālama i ka wā o ka hana.

ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka ʻaila ʻaila

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ke Kerosene (GOST 18499-73) no nā kumu ʻenehana - hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a lubricate i nā mīkini, wehe i ka ʻōpala, etc. ʻO nā ʻano mea like ʻole e kūpono no ka impregnating ʻili, ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hōʻike ahi a me ka nui o nā hana ʻē aʻe.

I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻae ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole me ka kerosene. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e wehe i nā lice. I nā ʻano like ʻole, me kekahi mau haumia a me nā ʻano o ka noi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia no ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi:

• ʻĀpana ʻōpū.
• ʻōnaeʻa makaʻu.
• ʻO ka ʻōnaehana cardio-vascular.
• Nā māmā, etc.

Ua lilo ʻo Kerosene i kumu no ka hamo ʻana, nā lotions a me nā hana ʻē aʻe i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka ʻaila ʻaila

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kerosene ma muli o ka maʻiʻo hakina a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻEhā hui nui:

1. ʻenehana

Kūpono ka ʻaila ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i nā propylenes, ethylenes a me nā hydrocarbons ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka pinepine, hana ka mea ma ke ʻano he solvent no ka holoi ʻana i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maka e like me ka wahie no nā lako hana.

Wahi a ka GOST, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hydrocarbons aromatic i nā kerosenes loea ma mua o ʻehiku pakeneka.

2. Rocket

Hāʻawi ka wela kikoʻī o ka puhi ʻana i ka kerosene i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka nui e pono ai no ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa rocket. Loaʻa iā ia kahi helu liʻiliʻi o nā haumia, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ka mea maʻemaʻe. Aia ma waena o nā hiʻohiʻona:

• ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā hana sulfur.
• ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona anti-wear maikaʻi loa.
• paʻa kemika.
• Ke kū'ē i ka wela wela.

Hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Rocket kerosene me ka mālama lōʻihi i loko o nā pahu paʻa, hiki i ka manawa he ʻumi makahiki

3. Lewa

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka aila lele no ka lubricate a hoʻopiha i ka mokulele. Eia kekahi, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he refrigerant i nā mea hoʻololi wela. Loaʻa ka waiwai anti-wear kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.

He 1,8-2,1(ε) ka dielectric mau o ka aila. Hōʻike kēia hōʻailona i ka nui o nā manawa o ka ikaika o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā uku uila ʻelua i loko o kahi kaiapuni maʻamau ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o kahi moena.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻaila ʻaila i ʻelima mau māka - RT, TS-1, T-1, T-1C, T-2  

4. Ke kukui

ʻO ka mahana wela o ka ʻaila no ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana mai +35 ° C a +75 ° C. Hōʻike ʻia nā mea waiwai kiʻekiʻe e ka puhi ʻana me ka ʻole o ka soot a me ka soot, ʻoiai e hāʻawi ana i ka ikaika māmā. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia ʻāpana o nā huahana ʻaila ke lilo i mea ʻokoʻa i nā solvents inexpensive.

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka paraffinic hydrocarbons i ke kukui ʻaila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai

Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka haku mele ʻana a me nā ʻano o ka kerosene o nā māka like ʻole ma ka pūnaewele o ka TC "AMOX". Kāhea, e kamaʻilio nā loea o ka hui e pili ana i nā huahana aila a kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ke ʻano o ka wahie maikaʻi loa, e like me kāu mau koi!

He mau nīnau?