ʻO Mini International Space Station e hoʻopuni ana i ka mahina
ʻO Mini International Space Station e hoʻopuni ana i ka mahina
I ka hopena o Ianuali 2016, ua hoʻopuka ka ʻoihana nūhou Lūkini RIA Novosti i ka ʻike i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e kūkākūkā ana nā hui kikowaena US, Lūkia a me ʻEulopa i nā ʻano o kā lākou hui ʻana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka papahana International Space Station (ISS), i manaʻo ʻia e hana ʻia ma kahi o 2028.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua loaʻa koke kahi ʻaelike mua ma hope o kahi kikowaena nui ma ka orbit honua, ʻo ka papahana hui e hiki mai ana he wahi liʻiliʻi loa i ka nui, akā e neʻe ana i hoʻokahi kaukani manawa hou aku - a puni ka Moon.
Nā hopena o ka ARM a me ka Constellation
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua puka mai nā ʻano manaʻo like ʻole no nā kumu lunar - ʻelua i luna, haʻahaʻa-orbit a kiʻekiʻe-orbit - i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ma kahi o kēlā me kēia ʻelua makahiki. Ua ʻokoʻa lākou i ka nui - mai nā mea liʻiliʻi, e ʻae ana i kahi hui o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau kānaka e noho no kekahi mau mahina, e koi ana i ka lawe ʻana mai ka Honua i nā mea āpau e pono ai ke ola, i nā paʻakikī nui, kokoke i nā kūlanakauhale ponoʻī me ka heluna kanaka. o na tausani he nui. kamaaina. Hoʻokahi mea like lākou - nele i ke kālā.
He ʻumi makahiki i hala aku nei, no ka manawa pōkole, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ʻAmelika e hoʻi i ka Moon, i kapa ʻia ʻo Constellation, akā ua hāʻule pū kekahi i ka nele o nā kumuwaiwai a me ka makemake ʻole politika. I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻolālā ʻo NASA i kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo ARM (Asteroid Redirect Mission), i kapa hou ʻia ʻo ARU (Asteroid Retrieval and, Utilization), he papahana makemake nui e hāʻawi i ko mākou honua a e ʻimi i kahi pōhaku mai ka ʻili o kekahi o nā asteroids. ʻO ka mikiona he mau pae.
I ka pae mua, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻouna ʻia i kekahi o nā hōkū o ka hui NEO (Near-Earth Objects), i.e. Ma kahi kokoke i ka Honua, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi mea hana ARRM (Asteroid Retrieval Robotic Mission) i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi ʻōnaehana ion propulsion kiʻekiʻe mai ka Honua i Dekemaba 2021 a pae i ka ʻili o kahi mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ma lalo o ʻelua makahiki. Me ke kōkua o nā heleuma kūikawā, ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i kahi pōhaku me ke anawaena o kahi o 4 m (ʻo kona nui a hiki i 20 tons), a laila e hoʻopili iā ia i kahi uhi paʻa. Holo aku ia i ka Honua akā ʻaʻole pae i ka Honua no nā kumu koʻikoʻi ʻelua. ʻO ka mua, ʻaʻohe moku nui e hiki ke lawe i kēlā mea kaumaha, a ʻo ka lua, ʻaʻole au i makemake e launa pū me ka lewa o ka honua.
Ma kēia kūlana, ua hana ʻia kahi papahana e hoʻolauna i ka hopu i loko o kahi orbit retrograde kiʻekiʻe (DRO, Distant Retrograde Orbit) i 2025. Paʻa loa ia, ka mea e pale ai i ka hāʻule ʻana i ka mahina. E nānā ʻia ka ukana ma nā ʻano ʻelua - me ke kōkua ʻana o nā ʻimi ʻakomi a me ke kōkua o nā poʻe i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka mokulele Orion, ʻo ia wale nō ke koena o ka papahana Constellation. Hiki i ka AGC, i kāpae ʻia i ʻApelila 2017, e hoʻokō ʻia i loko o ka waihona lunar? ʻO nā ʻāpana kī ʻelua he mea hoʻokahi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ʻenekini ion, a hoʻokahi immaterial, ʻo ka orbit GCI.
He aha ka orbit, he aha nā pōhaku?
Ua kū ka poʻe hoʻoholo i kahi nīnau koʻikoʻi: ma ka orbit hea e hahai ai ke kikowaena, i kapa ʻia ʻo DSG (Deep Space Gateway). Ina e hele na kanaka i ka ili o ka Mahina ma keia mua aku, he mea maopopo ke koho i kahi kaapuni haahaa, ma kahi o ka haneri kilomika, aka, ina he wahi hoomaha no ke kahua ma ke ala e hiki ai i ka libration o ka Honua-Mahina. ʻōnaehana o nā helu a i ʻole nā asteroids, pono ia e kau ʻia i kahi orbit elliptical kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi i ka nui o ka ikehu.
ʻO ka hopena, ua kohoʻia ka kohoʻelua, i kākoʻoʻia e ka nui o nā pahuhopu i hiki ke hoʻokōʻia ma kēiaʻano. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he orbit DRO maʻamau, akā he NRHO (Near Rectilinear Halo Orbit) - he orbit hāmama, quasi-stable e hele kokoke ana i nā wahi like ʻole o ka equilibrium gravity o ka Honua a me ka mahina. ʻO kekahi pilikia koʻikoʻi ʻo ke koho ʻana i kahi kaʻa hoʻomaka, inā ʻaʻole no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea i kēlā manawa. Ma kēia kūlana, aia ka bet i ka SLS (Space Launch System), kahi super-rocket i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o NASA e ʻimi i ka hohonu o ka Pūnaehana Solar, ʻoiai ʻo ka lā koho no kāna ʻano maʻalahi ka mea kokoke loa - a laila ʻo ia. ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma ka hopena o 2018.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia ʻelua mau rockets i mālama ʻia - Falcon Heavy mai SpaceX a me New Glenn-3S mai Blue Origin, akā ʻelua mau drawbacks - he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēlā manawa aia lākou ma ka pepa wale nō (i kēia manawa ʻo Falcon ʻO ke kaumaha ma hope o ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka New Glenn rocket no 2021). ʻO kēlā mau pōhaku nui, hiki ke hāʻawi i 65 tons o ka uku i ka orbit honua haʻahaʻa, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka nui o 10 tons wale nō i ka ʻāina Moon. he hale modular. Ma ka mana mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻelima mau modules - kaʻa a me ka lako mana, ʻelua hale noho, ʻīpuka a me nā logistic, a ma hope o ka wehe ʻana e lilo ia i hale hana.
No ka mea, ua hōʻike pū kekahi poʻe hui ISS i ka hoihoi nui i ka DRG, ʻo ia hoʻi. ʻO Iapana a me Kanada, ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻolako ʻia ka manipulator e Kanada, ka mea loea i nā robotics lewa, a ua hāʻawi ʻo Iapana i kahi noho pani pani. Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Rūsia ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana o ka mokulele mokulele Federation, hiki ke hoʻouna ʻia kekahi o lākou i ke kahua hou. ʻO ka manaʻo o kahi pae ʻāina liʻiliʻi ʻole, hiki ke hoʻopakele mai ka ʻili o ka Silver Globe mai nā ʻumi a i nā ʻumi kilokani o nā laʻana, ua hoʻohiki pū ʻia e ESA, CSA a me JAXA. ʻO nā hoʻolālā lōʻihi e hoʻohui i kahi noho ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka hopena o XNUMXs, a ma hope iki, kahi pae hoʻokele e hiki ke kuhikuhi i ka paʻakikī ma kahi alahele e alakaʻi ana i nā pahuhopu ʻē aʻe.
