Lepili o nā aila kaʻa - nā mea huna o nā inoa
Nā mea
ʻO ka nui o nā aila kaʻa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka mākeke hiki ke huikau i kahi mea hoʻokele novice. Eia naʻe, i loko o kēia mau ʻokoʻa āpau aia kahi ʻōnaehana e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i kahi kūʻai. No laila, ka lepili o nā aila - aʻo mākou a koho.
Nā mea
- 1 ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻailona ʻana ʻo ka coefficient viscosity
- 2 Synthetic vs. Mineral - ʻO wai ka ʻoi aku?
- 3 He aha ke ʻano o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana - decoding o ka ʻaila ʻenekini
ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻailona ʻana ʻo ka coefficient viscosity
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā aila kaʻa kaʻa i ʻelua mau pūʻulu nui: synthetic a me mineral. Ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kikoʻī, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ʻano koʻikoʻi nui, i hōʻike pololei ʻia i ka māka - e pili ana i ka coefficient viscosity. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano i kekahi o nā mea nui loa.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka coefficient e ka palena wela a me ka hana mechanical o ka mīkini. Ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole e emi ka viscosity ma mua o ka laina i ʻae ʻia e hoʻomaka ai i ka ʻenekini - pono e hoʻomaka maʻalahi ka puʻuwai o ke kaʻa, a pono e holo maʻalahi ka ʻaila ʻaila ma o ka ʻōnaehana. I nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka coefficient viscosity ma mua o ka hōʻailona i hōʻike ʻia ma ka puke lawelawe o ke kaʻa - hana ka aila i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma nā ʻāpana e pale ana i nā mea mai ka lole.
Inā haʻahaʻa loa ka viscosity (ʻaila wai), e hele wikiwiki ke kaʻa i ka hale hoʻoponopono ma muli o ke komo ʻana. Inā nui loa kēia hōʻailona (ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa), a laila e nui ke kū'ē i loko o ka ʻenekini, e piʻi ka hoʻohana wahie a emi ka mana. Ke koho ʻana i ka ʻaila, ʻaʻohe ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike like ʻole no nā mea āpau. Pono ka mea nona ke kaʻa e noʻonoʻo i ke aniau o ka ʻāina i kū ai ke kaʻa, ka mile mile o ke kaʻa a me ke ʻano o ka ʻenekini.
Synthetic vs. Mineral - ʻO wai ka ʻoi aku?
ʻO nā ʻano kemika o ka ʻaila mineral e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka mahana a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, no laila, pono lākou e hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui i kā lākou haku. ʻO kā lākou viscosity index e pili pono ana i nā ukana mechanical a me ka wela. ʻAʻole pili nā waiwai o ka ʻaila synthetic i nā kūlana wela - pili kēia hōʻailona me ka synthesis chemical, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā waiwai o ka haku mele.
Hāʻawi kēia i ka hiki ke lilo i ka wai i ke anuanu a me ka manoanoa i ka wela o ke kauwela, e like me ka hōʻailona ʻana o ka ʻaila ʻaila synthetic.
Ma muli o ka viscosity coefficient maʻalahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana synthetic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ahi a waiho i ka liʻiliʻi o nā waihona like ʻole. ʻOiai kēia mau ʻano a pau, pono e hoʻololi ʻia nā aila synthetic i ka manawa like me nā aila mineral. "Ma ka maka" ua hoʻoholo ʻia kahi ʻaila maikaʻi ma hope o ka hana lōʻihi o ka mīkini - inā pōʻeleʻele i ka wā o ka hana, ʻo ia ka mea i holoi maikaʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻenekini, e pale ana i ke komo ʻana o nā ʻāpana.
Aia kekahi ʻano ʻekolu - ka ʻaila semi-synthetic. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia ia no nā kaʻa i ka wā hoʻololi ma waena o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūhui synthetic ma kahi o nā mineral. He mea kaulana loa ka Semi-synthetic i waena o nā kaʻa kaʻa, no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou i hilinaʻi i nā mahana wela.
He aha ke ʻano o ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana - decoding o ka ʻaila ʻenekini
Nui nā ʻano lepili, kēlā me kēia me kona mōʻaukala ponoʻī a me ka māhele mākeke. ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā pōkole a me nā inoa no ka hōʻailona ʻana i nā aila kaʻa e ʻae i ka mea hoʻokele e hoʻokele maʻalahi i ke koho.
- ʻO SAE kahi papa inoa i hāpai ʻia e ka American Society of Automotive Engineers. ʻO nā aila ʻenekini SAE ke alakaʻi mākeke.
- API - ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka American Petroleum Institute, ʻokoʻa i ke kumu o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā aila i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka mīkini.
- ʻO ACEA kahi ʻano hōʻailona i hoʻolauna ʻia e ka European Association of Automobile Manufacturers ma 1996. Ma muli o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua ʻEulopa, akā hoʻohana pū kekahi i nā ala i ʻike ʻia mai nā papa ʻelua i hala.
No laila, ma ke ʻano. Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā inoa mai SAE 0W a i SAE 20W, a laila i loko o kou mau lima ka ʻaila no ka holo hoʻoilo - ʻo ka leka W ʻo ia ka "hoʻoilo", ʻo ia ka unuhi ʻana he "hoʻoilo". He haʻahaʻa kona viscosity index. Inā hōʻike ʻia hoʻokahi helu ma ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, me ka ʻole o nā leka hou (mai SAE 20 a SAE 60), loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi mele kau wela maʻamau i manaʻo ʻia no ke kau mahana wale nō. E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻo ka coefficient viscosity o ia pūhui SAE he kauoha o ka nui ma mua o nā mea hoʻoilo.
Loaʻa i nā pūhui semi-synthetic SAE nā helu ʻelua i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka manawa hoʻokahi - no ka hoʻoilo a no nā kau kauwela. No ka laʻana, no nā ʻenekini i lōʻihi ke ola lawelawe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka aila e like me SAE 15W-40, SAE 20W-40. Hōʻike maikaʻi kēia mau helu i ka viscosity o ka ʻaila a ʻae iā ʻoe e koho i ka mea maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia mīkini. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo me ka hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi ʻano aila SAE me kekahi, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā mea aloha i nā aila semi-synthetic. Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena pōʻino loa, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mīkini wikiwiki a me ka nalowale o nā ʻano mīkini koʻikoʻi.
E neʻe kākou i nā kūlana API. Wahi a nā koi o ka ʻAhahui, hana kaʻawale nā mea hana i nā formulations no nā ʻano ʻenekini gasoline me ka inoa leka S, a kaʻawale no nā ʻenekini diesel, i koho ʻia e ka leka C. ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. I kēia lā, hoʻopuka ka Hui i nā laikini no ka hana ʻana ʻaʻole i haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka māhele SH.
Loaʻa nā ʻaila Diesel 11 mau ʻāpana mai CA a i CH. Hāʻawi ʻia nā laikini no ka hana ʻana i nā haku mele ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o ka maikaʻi o CF. I loko o nā pūʻulu diesel, loaʻa kekahi helu ma ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka hahau engine. No ka laʻana, no nā ʻenekini ʻelua-stroke aia nā ʻaila CD-II, CF-2, no nā ʻenekini ʻehā - CF-4, CG-4, CH-4.
Hoʻokaʻawale ka European ACEA classification i nā ʻaila i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana:
- no nā ʻenekini ʻaila, ua kaha ʻia ʻo "A";
- no nā ʻano diesel o nā ʻenekini kaʻa kaʻa, i kaha ʻia ʻo "B";
- no nā ʻano kaʻa kaʻa diesel i kaha ʻia ʻo "E".
Manaʻo ʻia ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā aila o kēia hoʻohālikelike no ka holo ʻana o ka mīkini lōʻihi. Mālama pū lākou i ka hoʻohana wahie. Paipai ʻia lākou no nā ʻenekini o nā kaʻa hou. ʻO nā ʻaila i kaha ʻia ʻo A1, A5, B1, B5 ʻoi aku ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, A2, A3, B2, B3, B4 he mea maʻamau.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i manaʻo mua ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana no ka hoʻohana lōʻihi, no ka mea, ua pau nā ʻāpana o loko i ka wā ʻole. Inā hoʻonui ʻoe i ka wikiwiki a ʻoi aku paha ka hewa, e hoʻokele me ka flushing i ninini ʻia i loko o ka ʻenekini, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lole, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kumu o ia ʻaila. Inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila ʻenekini synthetic ma nā ʻano he nui ma mua o ka wai mineral, a laila ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia me ka flushing. No laila, ʻaʻohe wahi kikoʻī i ka overpaying a kūʻai aku i ka flushing synthetic.
I nā lawelawe kaʻa he nui, hāʻawi ikaika lākou i ka holoi ʻana i ka ʻenekini me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻaila. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia, me ka mea i kapa ʻia "ʻelima mau minuke", i hoʻohui ʻia i ka kaʻa. Akā ma mua o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ke kālā keu ma ia lawelawe, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pono ke kaʻina hana i nā hihia āpau.
Inā hana maʻalahi ka mana, me ka ʻole o nā leo ʻē aʻe, a ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mining ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā meheu o ka contamination a me nā komo ʻana o nā haole, a inā hoʻi e ninini ʻia ka aila hou o ka mana like a me ke ʻano like, a laila ʻaʻole pono ka flushing. Eia kekahi, inā lawelawe ʻia ke kaʻa e like me nā lula a hoʻohana ʻia nā wahie kiʻekiʻe a me nā lubricants, a laila ʻaʻohe kumu o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka aila flushing, ua lawa ia e hoʻololi i ka aila i ʻelua mau manawa ma mua o ka papa kuhikuhi e 3- 4 tausani kilomika.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka holoi ʻana i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā, no ka mea he nui nā huahana hoʻopunipuni i waena o kēia mau huahana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana mai nā mea hana kaulana. No nā kaʻa kūloko, ʻo ka koho maikaʻi loa ʻo ka holoi ʻana i ka aila mai Lukoil a i ʻole Rosneft. Ua lawa kēia, ka aila maʻalahi, a inā e hana ʻia nā mea āpau e like me nā kuhikuhi, a laila ʻaʻohe pilikia.
