ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻaila ʻenekini e like me SAE, API, ACEA
Viscosity SAE
ʻO ka viscosity index ka inoa i ʻike ʻia. I kēia lā, ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o nā aila kaʻa i hōʻailona ʻia e like me SAE J300 (kahi hoʻohālikelike i hana ʻia e ke kaiāulu ʻenekinia automotive). Wahi a kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia nā ʻaila kaʻa a pau e pili ana i ka viscosity a ma muli o ka mahana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi kūlana hana ʻole.
Aia ka inoa SAE i ʻelua mau helu: ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke hoʻohana like ʻia kēia mau ʻike (no nā lubricants i ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo) a me ka hui pū ʻana (no nā lubricants o nā kau āpau). No nā aila kau a pau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā helu kau wela a me ka hoʻoilo e kahi hyphen. Ua kākau mua ʻia ka hoʻoilo a loaʻa kahi helu helu hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha a me ka huapalapala "W" ma hope o nā helu. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana kauwela o ka māka ma o kahi hyphen me kahi helu me ka ʻole o kahi leka.
Wahi a ka SAE J300 maʻamau, hiki ke koho ʻia ke kauwela: 2, 5, 7,5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 a me 60. He liʻiliʻi nā inoa hoʻoilo: 0W, 2,5W, 5W, 7,5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W.
He paʻakikī ka waiwai viscosity SAE. ʻO ia hoʻi, hōʻike ia i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka aila. No ka hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, e noʻonoʻo ia i nā ʻāpana e like me: ka ninini ʻana, ka mahana pumpability manuahi e ka ʻaila ʻaila a me ka mahana kahi e huli ai ka crankshaft me ka ʻole e hōʻino i nā puke pai a me nā laina. No ka laʻana, no ka ʻaila 5W-40, ʻo ka mahana hana haʻahaʻa loa he -35 ° C.
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hōʻailona kauwela ma ka kaha SAE e hōʻike ana i ka viscosity e loaʻa i ka aila ma kahi mahana o 100 ° C (ma ke ʻano hana ʻenehana). No ka laʻana, no ka aila SAE 5W-40 like, ʻo ka viscosity kinematic mai 12,5 a 16,3 cSt. ʻO kēia ʻāpana ka mea nui loa, no ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana ʻana o ka kiʻi ʻaila i nā wahi friction. Ma muli o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o ka kaʻa (ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana pili, nā ukana pili, ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana, ka ʻōpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), koho ka mea hana i ka viscosity maikaʻi loa no kahi ʻenekini hoʻomohala kūloko. Hōʻike ʻia kēia viscosity i nā kuhikuhi hana no ke kaʻa.
Hoʻopili hewa nā kaʻa kaʻa i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kauwela index me ka ʻae ʻia o ka hana ʻana o ka aila i ke kauwela. Aia kekahi pilina, akā he kūlana loa. ʻO ka pololei, hōʻike ka helu kauwela i hoʻokahi waiwai: ka viscosity o ka aila ma 100 ° C.
Hoʻokaʻina API
ʻO ka lua o ka inoa maʻamau, ʻo ia ka papa ʻaila API (American Petroleum Institute). Eia nō hoʻi, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā hōʻailona i ka māka. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo e hōʻike ana kēia classifier i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻaila.
He maʻalahi ka decoding i manaʻo ʻia e nā ʻenekinia o ka American Petroleum Institute. Aia ka papa helu API i ʻelua mau leka nui a, i kekahi mau hihia, kahi helu hyphenated e kuhikuhi ana i ka wahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi aila. ʻO ka mea mua he leka e hōʻike ana i kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aila, e pili ana i ka ʻōnaehana mana engine. ʻO ka leka "S" e hōʻike ana i ka aila i manaʻo ʻia no nā mīkini ʻaila. ʻO ka leka "C" e hōʻike ana i ka hui diesel o ka lubricant.
ʻO ka lekaʻelua e pili ana i ka hanaʻana o kaʻaila. ʻO ka hana ʻana, ʻo ia ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona, nona kāna mau pono ponoʻī no kēlā me kēia papa API. A ʻo ka ʻoi aku o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka alphabet ka lua o ka leka ma ka inoa API, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻenehana i ka ʻaila. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila API grade SM ma mua o SL. No nā ʻenekini diesel me nā kānana particulate a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ukana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā leka hōʻailona hou, no ka laʻana, CJ-4.
I kēia lā, no nā kaʻa kaʻa kīwila, ʻoi aku ka holomua o nā papa SN a me CF e like me API.
Hoʻokaʻawale ACEA
Ua hoʻolauna ka European Automobile Manufacturers Association i kāna ʻōnaehana ponoʻī no ka loiloi ʻana i ka pono o nā aila kaʻa i kekahi mau mīkini. Aia kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kahi leka o ka alphabet Latin a me kahi helu. ʻEhā mau leka ma kēia ʻenehana:
- A - nā ʻenekini ʻaila.
- B - nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa diesel me ka ʻole o nā kānana particulate.
- C - nā kaʻa me ka mīkini diesel i lako me kahi kānana particulate.
- E - nā kaʻa kalepa me nā ʻenekini diesel i hoʻouka nui ʻia.
ʻO ka helu ma hope o ka leka e hōʻike ana i ka hana ʻole o ka ʻaila. I kēia lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā aila kaʻa no nā kaʻa kīwila he honua a ua kapa ʻia ʻo A3 / B3 a i ʻole A3 / B4 e ACEA.
Nā mea nui ʻē aʻe
Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā waiwai a me ke ʻano o ka aila ʻenekini e nā hiʻohiʻona aʻe.
- Hōʻike viscosity. Hōʻike i ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ʻaila i ka viscosity ke piʻi a hāʻule paha ka mahana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity index, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lubricant i nā loli wela. I kēia lā, aia kēia helu mai 150 a 230 mau ʻāpana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻaila me ka viscosity index kiʻekiʻe no ka piʻi ʻana me ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka liʻiliʻi.
- Ka wela hau. ʻO ka wahi i nalowale ai ka ʻaila. I kēia lā, hiki i nā synthetics kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻomau i ka wai ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa a hiki i -50°C.
- kiko uila. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia hōʻailona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila e pale i ka burnout i loko o nā cylinders a me ka oxidation. No nā lubricants hou, ʻo ka awelika o ke kiko uila ma waena o 220 a me 240 degere.
- lehu sulfate. Hōʻike i ka nui o ka lehu paʻa i koe i loko o nā pahu ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻaila. Ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ka nuipaʻa o ka lubricant. I kēia manawa, aia kēia helu mai 0,5 a 3%.
- Helu alkaline. Hoʻoholo i ka hiki o ka ʻaila e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻenekini mai nā waiho ʻana o ka lepo a kūʻē i kā lākou hana ʻana. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka helu kumu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hakakā ʻana o ka ʻaila i ka ʻenehu a me nā waiho ʻōpala. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻāpana mai ka 5 a hiki i ka 12 mgKOH/g.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻaila ʻenekini. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike pinepine ʻia lākou ma nā canisters me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī ma ka lepili a ʻaʻohe hopena nui i nā waiwai hana o ka lubricant.
