kihi kilokilo
I ka makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻike kekahi pūʻulu ʻepekema i nā hopena noiʻi i hoʻopūhoihoi i ke kaiāulu physics. ʻIke ʻia e loaʻa i nā ʻāpana graphene hoʻokahi ʻātoma mānoanoa nā waiwai kino ke hoʻololi ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao "magic" kūpono e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi (1).
Ua ʻākoakoa ka lehulehu o ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka hālāwai o Malaki o ka American Physical Society ma Bosetona, kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā kikoʻī o ka noiʻi mai kēia ʻano. Manaʻo kekahi i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻepekema ma Massachusetts Institute of Technology ka hoomaka ana o ke au hou.
ʻO ka makahiki i hala Ua kau kekahi hui physicists i alakaʻi ʻia e Pablo Jarillo-Herrero i ʻelua pepa graphene ma luna o kekahi, a hoʻomālili i ka ʻōnaehana a kokoke i ka ʻole ʻole, a hoʻololi i kekahi pepa ma kahi kihi o 1,1 degere i kekahi. Ua hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi i kahi volta, a ua lilo ka ʻōnaehana i ʻano insulator, kahi e pale ai ka pilina ma waena o nā atoms a me nā ʻāpana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons. I ka nui o nā electrons i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana, ua lilo ka ʻōnaehana i superconductor kahi e hiki ai ke neʻe i ka uila uila me ke kū ʻole..
— — opowiadał Jarillo-Herrero w serwisie Gizmodo. —
ʻO kēia mau hopena kilokilo o ka rotation angular e pili ana i ka mea i kapa ʻia kāuhi (moiré stripes). He ʻano ʻano kaha kaha kēia i hana ʻia ma muli o ke keakea ʻana (superposition) o nā laina laina ʻelua i hoʻololi ʻia ma kahi kihi a i ʻole i hoʻololi ʻia (ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pilina o kekahi). Inā, no ka laʻana, hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi ʻupena ma luna o kahi ʻili palahalaha a hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mesh i kahi mea deformed, e ʻike ʻia nā kaha moiré. Hiki ke paʻakikī loa ko lākou kumu, a e hilinaʻi ko lākou wahi i ka deformation o ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia.
Ua hoʻopili hou ʻia nā ʻike a nā mea noiʻi MIT e nā hui he nui, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a ke ʻimi nei nā physicists i kēia ʻano. I ka makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau pepa hou e pili ana i kēia kumuhana ma ka server arXiv. Ua hoʻomanaʻo au ua ʻaneʻane ʻumi makahiki i hala aku nei ua wānana ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka puka ʻana mai o nā hopena kino hou i loko o nā ʻōnaehana graphene wili a wili. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo ka physicists i nā nīnau he nui e pili ana i ke kumu o ka hanana superconductivity a me ke ʻano o nā mokuʻāina dielectric i ka graphene.
Wahi a Jarillo-Herrero, ʻo ka hoihoi i ke kumuhana no ka mea ʻo nā ʻāpana "wela" hou o ka physics, i.e. noiʻi graphene a me nā mea ʻelua-dimensional ʻē aʻe, nā waiwai topological nā mea waiwai (nā ʻano i loli ʻole ʻoiai nā loli kino), mea anu nui a kupanaha hanana uilae kū mai ana mai ke ʻano o ka puʻunaue ʻana o nā electrons i kekahi mau mea.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka poʻe e hauʻoli nui ana i ka ʻike hou a me kāna mau noi i nā polokalamu uila e hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e kekahi mau ʻike. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā pepa graphene i kahi kihi kilokilo pono e mālama i ka mahana o 1,7 degere Kelvin ma luna o ka ʻole ʻole, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ua "makemake" lākou ʻaʻole e paʻa i kahi kihi o 1,1 degere - e like me ʻelua. ʻAʻole makemake nā magnet e hoʻopā kekahi i kekahi. Maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi mea hoʻokahi wale nō ka mānoanoa atom.
Jarillo-Herrero wymyślił dla odkrytych przez siebie efektów nazwę («twistronika»?, «obrotnika»? — a może «morystory», od prążków ?). Wygląda na to, że nazwa będzie potrzebna, bo wielu ludzi nauki i techniki chce badać to zjawisko i szukać dla niego zastosowań.
