Hoʻāʻo ʻo Magic Fires: ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻenehana compressor

I kēia moʻo e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka refueling ikaika a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenekini kuni kūloko.

He kāula ʻo ia ma ka palapala hemolele o ke kani kaʻa. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻopakele o ka mīkini diesel. No nā makahiki he nui, ua haʻalele nā ​​mea hoʻolālā ʻenekini i kēia ʻano, akā i kēia lā ua lilo ia i mea maʻamau. He turbocharger ia... ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka manawa.

ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻo kona kaikaina, kahi compressor driven mechanical, e haʻalele i ke kahua. Eia kekahi, ua mākaukau ʻo ia no kahi kuikahi e alakaʻi ai i ka symbiosis hemolele. No laila, i loko o ka haunaele o ka hoʻokūkū ʻenehana o kēia ao, ua hui pū nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā au kūʻē prehistoric ʻelua, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka nui o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻokoʻa o nā manaʻo.

ʻO ka pau ʻana o 4500 l / 100 km a me ka nui o ka oxygen

He mea maʻalahi ka helu helu a hoʻokumu wale ʻia i nā kānāwai o ka physics… Ke manaʻo nei ʻo ke kaʻa e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 1000 kg a me ka huki aerodynamic hope ʻole e hele i 305 mika mai kahi kū i lalo o 4,0 kekona, a hiki i ka wikiwiki o 500 km/h ma ka hopena. o ka pauku, pono e oi aku ka mana o keia kaa ma mua o 9000 hp. Hōʻike nā helu like ʻana i loko o kahi ʻāpana, hiki i ka crankshaft wili o kahi ʻenekini e wili ana ma 8400 rpm wale nō e hiki ke huli ma kahi o 560 mau manawa, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻōki i ka ʻenekini 8,2-lita mai ka lawe ʻana ma kahi o 15 lita o ka wahie. Ma muli o hoʻokahi helu maʻalahi, ua maopopo, e like me ke ana maʻamau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie, ʻoi aku ka awelika o kēia kaʻa ma mua o 4500 l / 100 km. Ma kahi huaʻōlelo - ʻehā tausani ʻelima haneli lita. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana kēia mau mīkini - ua hoʻomaha ʻia lākou e ka wahie ...

ʻAʻohe mea moʻolelo i loko o kēia mau kiʻi ... He nui kēia, akā he mau waiwai maoli mai ka honua o ka heihei huki hou. ʻAʻole pololei ke kuhikuhi ʻana i nā kaʻa e komo ana i nā heihei no ka wikiwiki loa e like me nā kaʻa heihei, no ka mea, ʻo nā hana ʻehā huila surreal, i uhi ʻia i ka uahi uliuli, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka holika o ka ʻenehana automotive hou i hoʻohana ʻia ma Formula 1. No laila, e hana mākou. e hoʻohana i ka inoa kaulana "dragsters". - ʻO nā kaʻa ʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i nā manaʻo kūʻokoʻa i nā mea pā ma waho o ke ala he 305 mika a me nā mea hoʻokele i ko lākou lolo, me ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o 5 g, e lawe i ke ʻano o ke kiʻi ʻelua ʻāpana kala ma ka kua o ka iwi poo

ʻO kēia mau dragsters ka mea kaulana a kaulana loa o ka motorsport kaulana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, no ka papa kontroversial Top Fuel. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka inoa i ka hana nui loa o ka kemikolo nitromethane e hoʻohana ai nā mīkini hellish i wahie no kā lākou ʻenekini. Ma lalo o ka mana o kēia ʻano pahū pahū, hana nā ʻenekini i ka mode overload a i loko o kekahi mau lāhui e lilo i puʻu o nā metala pono ʻole, a ma muli o ka makemake o ka wahie i ka hoʻomau mau ʻana, ʻo ke kani o kā lākou hana e like me ka halulu hysterical o kahi holoholona e helu ana i nā manawa hope loa o kou ola. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hana i nā ʻenekini me ka haunaele kū ʻole paʻa ʻole, e pili ana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka luku pilikino iā ʻoe iho. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau, hāʻule kekahi o nā paukū e ka hopena o ka ʻāpana mua. ʻO ka mana o nā ʻenekini i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia haʻuki pupule e hōʻea i nā waiwai i hiki ʻole i kahi dynamometer i ka honua ke ana, a ʻo ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i nā mīkini i ʻoi aku i nā palena a pau o ka ʻenekinia extremism ...

Akā e hoʻi hou i ka puʻuwai o kā mākou moʻolelo a nānā pono i nā waiwai o ka wahie nitromethane (huikau ʻia me kahi pākēneka kaulike kaulike ʻana i ka methanol), me ke kānalua ʻole ka mea mana nui i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano heihei kaʻa. hana. Kēlā me kēia carbon atom i loko o kāna mole (CH3NO2) he ʻelua mau ʻoma oxygen, ʻo ia hoʻi e halihali ka wahie me ia i ka hapa nui o ka oxidant i koi ʻia no ka puhi ʻana. No ke kumu hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikehu i kēlā me kēia lita o ka nitromethane ma mua o ka lita o ka penehone, akā me ka nui o ka ea hou e hiki ai i ka ʻenekini ke omo i nā keʻena puhi, e hāʻawi ʻo nitromethane i ka nui o ka ikehu i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana. ... Hiki paha kēia no ka mea aia iā ia iho ka oxygen a no laila hiki ke hoʻowali ʻia i ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana wahie hydrocarbon (ʻo ka maʻamau maʻamau ʻole ke ʻole ka oxygen). I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he 3,7 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu o ka nitromethane ma mua o ka petrolina, akā me ka nui o ka ea, 8,6 mau manawa ka nui o ka nitromethane i hiki ke oxidized ma mua o ka petrololina.

ʻO ka poʻe i kamaʻāina i nā kaʻina puhi ahi i loko o kahi ʻenekini kaʻa ʻike ʻo ka pilikia maoli me ka "piʻi ʻana" i ka mana hou aʻe mai loko mai o kahi ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonui i ke kahe o ka wahie i loko o nā keʻena - ua lawa nā pamu hydraulic ikaika no kēia. hiki i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka paʻakikī maoli ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ea (a i ʻole ka oxygen) e hoʻoneʻe i nā hydrocarbons a hōʻoia i ka hoʻopau maikaʻi loa. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻohana ai ka wahie dragster i ka nitrogetan, me ka ʻole o ia mea e hiki ʻole ke hoʻokō i nā hopena o kēia kauoha me kahi mīkini me ka neʻe ʻana o 8,2 lita. I ka manawa like, hana nā kaʻa me nā huila waiwai maikaʻi (ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, hiki i ka nitromethane ke hoʻomaka i ka oxidize), ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o kekahi o ka wahie i loko o nā paipu exhaust a hana i nā kukui kilokilo ma luna o lākou.

ʻO Torque 6750 Newton mau mika

ʻO ka awelika torque o kēia mau mīkini hiki i 6750 Nm. Ua ʻike paha ʻoe he mea ʻē aʻe ma kēia helu helu ... ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, i mea e hiki ai i nā helu palena i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo kēlā me kēia kekona e holo ana ka mīkini ma 8400 rpm ʻaʻole pono e omo hou, ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1,7 cubic mika o ea hou. Hoʻokahi wale nō ala e hana ai i kēia - hoʻopihapiha hoʻopihapiha. ʻO ka hana nui i kēia hihia ke pāʻani ʻia e kahi hui mīkini ʻano Roots-type nui, mahalo i ke kaomi ʻana i nā manifolds o ka mīkini dragster (i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka prehistoric Chrysler Hemi Elephant) hiki i kahi 5 bar staggering.

No ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā ukana e pili ana i kēia hihia, e lawe mākou i kekahi o nā moʻolelo o ka makahiki gula o nā mīkini compressors - he 3,0-lita racing V12. Mercedes-Benz W154. ʻO ka mana o kēia mīkini he 468 hp. me., akā, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ua lawe ka compressor drive i kahi 150 hp. me., ʻaʻole hiki i ka 5 bar i kuhikuhi ʻia. Inā mākou e hoʻohui i kēia manawa i ka 150 tausani s i ka mooolelo, e hiki mai mākou i ka hopena i loaʻa maoli ka W154 i kahi 618 hp kupaianaha no kona manawa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo no ʻoe iho i ka nui o ka mana maoli o nā ʻenekini i ka papa Top Fuel a me ka nui o ia mea i komo ʻia e ka mīkini compressor drive. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi turbocharger i kēia hihia, akā ʻaʻole hiki i kāna hoʻolālā ke hoʻokō i ka ukana wela loa mai nā kinoea hoʻopau.

Hoʻomaka o ka contraction

No ka hapanui o ka mōʻaukala o ke kaʻa, ʻo ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻāpana hoʻāhu i koi ʻia i loko o nā ʻenekini kuni kūloko kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻenehana hou loa no ka pae like o ka hoʻomohala. ʻO kēia ka hihia i ka 2005 i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka makana hanohano no ka hana hou ʻenehana i ka ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā haʻuki, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka mea hoʻokumu o ka makasina, ʻo Paul Peach, i hōʻike ʻia i ke poʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenekini VW ʻo Rudolf Krebs a me kāna hui hoʻolālā. noi o ka ʻenehana Twincharger i ka ʻenekini petrol 1,4-lita. Mahalo i ka hoʻopihapiha koi piha o nā paukūʻolokaʻa e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻōnaehana o ka mīkini a me ka turbocharger, hoʻohui maikaʻi ka anakahi i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o ka ikehu a me ka mana kiʻekiʻe ʻano maʻamau o nā ʻenekini i makemake ʻia kūlohelohe me kahi neʻe nui me ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o nā ʻenekini liʻiliʻi. I ka ʻumikūmākahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa ka ʻenekini TSI 11-liter o VW (me ka hoʻonui iki ʻia o ka neʻe ʻana e uku no ka hopena maikaʻi o ia mea ma muli o ka pōʻaiapuni ʻo Miller i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa)

I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kaʻa hana mua me kahi ʻenekini petrol a me nā geometry variable turbocharged, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka Porsche 911 Turbo i ka makahiki 2005. Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā compressors ʻelua e nā ʻenekini Porsche R&D a me kā lākou mau hoapili ma Borg Warner Turbo Systems, hoʻohana ʻo VW i ka manaʻo kaulana a hoʻokumu ʻia hoʻi o ka geometry variable i nā turbodiesel unit, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia i nā ʻenekini petrolina ma muli o kahi pilikia. me ke kiʻekiʻena (ma kahi o 200 kekelē e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka diesel) ka awelika o ke ana wela kinoea. No kēia mea, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻohui pumehana wela mai ka ʻoihana aerospace no nā van van guide a me kahi algorithm wikiwiki ʻoi loa i ka ʻōnaehana kaohi. Ka loaʻa o nā ʻenekini VW.

ʻO nā makahiki gula o ka turbocharger

Mai ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka 745i i ka makahiki 1986, ua pale lōʻihi ʻo BMW i kāna akeakamai ponoʻī no nā ʻenekini petrolina, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i ka "orthodox" ala wale nō e loaʻa ai ka mana hou aku e holo i ka ʻenekini ma nā rev. ʻAʻohe heresies a me ke aloha ʻana me nā compressors mechanical a la Mercedes (C 200 Kompressor) a i ʻole ʻo Toyota (Corolla Compressor), ʻaʻohe kolohe iā VW a i ʻole nā ​​Opel turbocharger Opel. Makemake nā mea kūkulu ʻenekini Munich i ka hoʻopihapiha ʻana i ke alapine kiʻekiʻe a me ka kaomi maʻamau maʻamau, ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, kahi neʻe nui aʻe. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua Compressor e pili ana i nā ʻenekini Bavarian ua ʻaneʻane pau i ka hoʻohuli ʻia i nā "fakirs" e ka hui ʻo Alpina, kahi kokoke i ka hopohopo Munich.

I kēia lā, ʻaʻole hana hou ʻo BMW i nā ʻenekini aspirated naturally aspirated, a ʻo ka lineup engine diesel ua loaʻa pū kekahi ʻehā-cylinder turbocharged engine. Hoʻohana ʻo Volvo i ka hui pū ʻana o ka refueling me ka mīkini a me ka turbocharger, ua hana ʻo Audi i ka mīkini diesel me ka hui pū ʻana o kahi compressor uila a me ʻelua mau pahu cascade turbocharger, ʻo Mercedes he engine gasoline me ka uila a me ka turbocharger.

Eia naʻe, ma mua o ka kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana iā lākou, e hoʻi mākou i ka wā e ʻimi ai i ke kumu o kēia hoʻololi ʻenehana. E aʻo mākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mea hana ʻAmelika e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana turbo e uku ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka mīkini ma muli o nā pilikia aila ʻelua i nā makahiki kanawalu a pehea lākou i hāʻule ai i kēia mau hoʻāʻo. E kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā hoʻāʻo kūleʻa ʻole o Rudolf Diesel e hana i kahi mīkini compressor. E hoʻomanaʻo mākou i ka wā hanohano o nā mīkini compressor i nā makahiki 20 a me 30, a me nā makahiki lōʻihi o ka poina. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mākou e poina i ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona hana mua o nā turbochargers ma hope o ka pilikia nui o ka aila o nā makahiki 70. A i ʻole no ka ʻōnaehana hui Scania Turbo. I ka pōkole - e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala a me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana compressor ...

(e ukali)

Kikokikona: ʻO Georgy Kolev