Kuantum Information Theory
Ua paʻi ʻo Polyak i ka pepa i ʻike mua ʻia ai ka huaʻōlelo: quantum information theory. I Iune, ua hoʻolauleʻa kēia ʻāpana kaulana loa o ka physics theoretical i kahi makahiki ʻelua: ʻo ka 40th anniversary o kona ola ʻana a me ka 90th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o ka ʻelemakule. I ka makahiki 1975 prof. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo Roman S. Ingarden mai ka Institute of Physics o ke Kulanui ʻo Nicolaus Copernicus ma Torun i kāna hana "Quantum Theory of Information".
Roman S. Ingarden
ʻO kēia hana no ka manawa mua i hōʻike i kahi kiʻi hoʻonohonoho ʻōnaehana o ke kumumanaʻo quantum information, ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi "wela loa" o ka physics. Nui ka poʻe i hele mai i kona hānau ʻana. I ka huli ʻana o nā makahiki 60 a me 70, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a prof. ʻO Ingarden ma ke Keʻena ʻOihana Makemakika o ke Kulanui ʻo Nicolaus Copernicus ma Torun, ua hana ʻia ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻikepili ʻike a me nā kumu kumu ʻē aʻe o ka physics hou. I kēlā manawa, nui nā pepa ʻepekema i hana ʻia, kahi i aʻo ʻia ai nā ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻike i nā kaʻina thermodynamic a me quantum. "I kēlā mau makahiki, he ala hou loa ia, he ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka naʻauao, ke kaupaona ʻana ma ka palena ma waena o ka physics a me ka philosophy. Ma ke ao nei, ua loaʻa iā ia he lehulehu o nā kākoʻo i kipa pinepine i kā mākou kula e hana pololei me ka hui o Polofesa Ingarden? ? wahi a prof. Andrzej Jamiolkowski mai ka Institute of Physics ma ke Kulanui ʻo Nicolaus Copernicus. ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā manaʻo o ka mea hoʻomohala hoʻomohala o Lindblad-Kossakovsky a me ka isomorphism o Yamiolkovsky, i hoʻohana mau ʻia i kēia lā, i loko o ka physics theoretical. prof. Ua pololei ʻo Ingarden e pili ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka manaʻo o ka ʻike i ka physics.
I nā makahiki 90, ma muli o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o nā ʻano hoʻokolohua o ka quantum physics, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua mua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea quantum e like me nā photons e mālama a hoʻouna i ka ʻike. Ua wehe kēia ʻike i ke ala no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hana kiʻekiʻe hou no ke kamaʻilio quantum. Ua ho'āla ka hopena i ka hoihoi nui i ka honua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana. Ua lilo ʻo Quantum Information Theory i lālā piha a nani loa o ka physics hou. I kēia manawa, ke aʻo ʻia nei nā pilikia e pili ana i ka ʻike quantum ma nā kikowaena noiʻi a puni ka honua; ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahi kaulana loa a hoʻomohala hoʻomohala o ka physics me ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Ke hana nei nā lolouila hou e like me nā kānāwai o ka physics kahiko. Eia nō naʻe, ke liʻiliʻi nei nā kaapuni uila e ʻike koke ʻoe i nā hopena i ʻike ʻia i ka honua quantum. A laila, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka miniaturization e koi iā mākou e hoʻololi i nā lula o ka pāʻani mai ke kula a i ka quantum, wehewehe i nā manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka computing quantum, ʻo Kauka Milos Michalsky mai ke Keʻena ʻo Theoretical Physics o ka Institute of Physics of the Nicolaus Copernicus Kulanui. . Loaʻa i ka ʻike quantum nā waiwai non-intuitive, e like me ka hiki ʻole ke kope, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pilikia ke kope ʻana i ka ʻike kahiko. Ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa he hiki ʻole ka ʻike quantum, he mea kupanaha loa, no ka mea, ke manaʻo pinepine nei mākou e loaʻa i ka ʻōnaehana, i loaʻa kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻike, e loaʻa i nā mea hou aku. Eia naʻe, ka mea kupaianaha loa, mai ka Classical kanaka manaʻo, a ma ka manawa like hiki loa pono waiwai o quantum moku'āina e like me ka lawe ana i ka quantum 'ike i ka hiki ke hana superpositions o moku'āina mai ia lakou.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā kamepiula o kēia wā me nā bits kahiko, hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manawa ma hoʻokahi o nā mokuʻāina ʻelua, i kapa ʻia ʻo "0" a me "1". He ʻokoʻa nā kuantum bits: hiki iā lākou ke noho i loko o kekahi hui ʻana (superposition) o nā mokuʻāina, a ke heluhelu wale mākou iā lākou, lawe nā waiwai i ka waiwai "0" a i ʻole "1". Hiki keʻikeʻia kaʻokoʻa me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka nui o kaʻike i hanaʻia. Hiki i ka lolouila 10-bit ma'amau ke hana i kekahi o ka 1024 (2^10) moku'āina o ia papa inoa i ho'okahi kapua'i, akā hiki i ka lolouila quantum-bit ke hana ia mau mea a pau? ma kahi ʻanuʻu hoʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā quantum bits i, e ʻōlelo, e wehe ʻo 100 i ka hiki ke hana ma luna o hoʻokahi tausani piliona piliona piliona mau mokuʻāina i hoʻokahi pōʻai. No laila, hiki i ka lolouila e hana ana me ka nui o nā bits quantum, i ka manawa pōkole loa, ke hoʻokō i kekahi mau algorithms no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻikepili quantum, no ka laʻana, nā mea e pili ana i ka factorization o nā helu kūlohelohe nui i nā kumu kumu. Ma kahi o ka helu ʻana i nā miliona makahiki, e mākaukau ka hopena i loko o kekahi mau hola a i ʻole mau minuke.
Ua loaʻa mua ka ʻike kuantum i kāna noi pāʻoihana mua. ʻO nā mea hana cryptography quantum, nā ʻano hoʻopiʻi ʻikepili kahi i loaʻa ai nā kānāwai quantum o ka hoʻoili ʻike ʻike i ka hūnā piha o ka ʻike i hoʻololi ʻia, ua loaʻa ma ka mākeke no kekahi mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka quantum encryption e kekahi mau panakō, i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hāʻule paha ka ʻenehana a ʻae, no ka laʻana, hoʻopaʻa paʻa loa i nā kālepa ATM a i ʻole nā pili pūnaewele. Hoʻopuka ʻia ʻelua manawa o ka mahina "Nā Hōʻike ma ka Matematika Physics", e hōʻike ana i ka hana paionia a prof. ʻO Ingarden Quantum Information Theory, ʻo ia kekahi o nā nūpepa ʻelua i paʻi ʻia e ka Department of Mathematical Physics o ka Institute of Physics o ke Kulanui ʻo Nicolaus Copernicus; ʻo kekahi ʻo "Open Systems and Information Dynamics". Aia nā puke pai ʻelua ma ka Philadelphia Thomson Scientific Master Journal o nā puke pai ʻepekema koʻikoʻi loa. Eia hou, "Open Systems and Information Dynamics" ua komo i loko o ka hui o eha (mai loko o 60) Polani 'epekema puke pai me ka kiʻekiʻe loa helu ma ka kūlana o ka 'Oihana o ka 'epekema a me ka Higher Education. (Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea i kahi paʻi paʻi mai ka National Laboratory for Quantum Technologies a me ka Institute of Physics o ke Kulanui ʻo Nicolaus Copernicus ma Toruń)
