ʻO wai ka mea i haku i ke kaʻa mua a i ka wā hea i hana ʻia ai?
Loaʻa iā Henry Ford ka hōʻaiʻē no ka laina hui mua a me ka hana nui ʻana o nā kaʻa Model T i ka makahiki 1908.
ʻO wai ka mea i haku i ke kaʻa mua? ʻO ka pane i ʻae ʻia ʻo Karl Benz mai Kelemania, a ʻo ka poʻe e hana nei no ka hui i ulu mai kona inoa ʻo Mercedes-Benz, ʻaʻole luhi i ka haʻi ʻana iā ʻoe.
Eia naʻe, ke kū nei au i loko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Mercedes-Benz ma Stuttgart, ke ʻike nei au i ke kaʻa mua o ka honua i loko o ka ʻiʻo alohilohi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka kūpono o ka huaʻōlelo "kaʻa holo ʻole" i hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā manawa, akā ʻo ke kaʻa ʻo Benz i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka makahiki 1886, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ke kaʻa mua i hana ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo nā kaʻa alanui ʻē aʻe ma mua o kāna hana i nā makahiki he nui. .
No ke aha ʻo ia, a pono anei ʻo Benz i ka hōʻaiʻē no ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kaʻa kahiko loa o ka honua?
Hoʻohui i ka wahie i ke ahi o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ke kaʻa mua
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻo ke akamai akamai ʻole i ʻike ʻia e kona mau hoaaloha ʻo Leo ka mea i hana mua iā Benz i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kaʻa mua i nā haneli mau makahiki.
Ma waena o ka nui o nā mea kupanaha a ka Leonardo da Vinci nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka kaʻa ponoʻī mua o ka honua (me ka ʻole o nā lio).
ʻO kāna mea hana akamai, i huki ʻia e kona lima i ka makahiki 1495, ua hoʻopiha ʻia i ka pūnāwai a pono e ʻoki ʻia ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana, akā paʻakikī loa ia a, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke hiki.
Ma 2004, ua hoʻohana kekahi hui mai ka Institute a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka History of Science ma Florence i nā hoʻolālā kikoʻī o da Vinci e hana i kahi kumu hoʻohālike piha, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana maoli ʻo "ke kaʻa o Leonardo".
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi loa, ʻo ka hoʻolālā kahiko e pili ana i ke kolamu hoʻokele mua o ka honua a me ka ʻōnaehana rack a me ka pinion, ke kumu o ka holo ʻana o kā mākou kaʻa i kēia mau lā.
No ka maikaʻi, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole paha ʻo Leonardo i hoʻomaka e hoʻokō i kona manaʻo o kahi prototype - ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ʻole me nā mea hana i loaʻa iā ia i kēlā manawa - a i ʻole ka holo ʻana a puni ke kūlanakauhale. Ua poina ʻo ia i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā noho.
A i ka wā e pili ana i nā kaʻa maʻamau o kēia manawa a mākou i ʻike ai e pili ana i kēia mau lā, ua nalowale kekahi mea koʻikoʻi mai kāna kaʻa a Benz e kaena ai; ʻo ka ʻenekini puhi ahi mua a no laila ke kaʻa ʻaila mua.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia wahie a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻenekini i lanakila ai i ka heihei no ka hana ʻana i nā kaʻa lio mua o ka honua, a ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka mahalo ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe Kelemania ʻoiai ʻo ka mea ʻo Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot i kapa ʻia i kūkulu i ka mua. ʻO ke kaʻa kaʻa alanui ponoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi he tractor me ʻekolu huila no ka hoʻohana ʻana e ka pūʻali koa, i ka makahiki 1769. ʻAe, hiki iā ia ke piʻi i ka māmā ma kahi o 4 km/h a ʻaʻole maoli ia he kaʻa, akā ʻo ke kumu nui i hala ʻole ai ke kūlana o kahi inoa ʻohana, ʻo ia ka holo ʻana o kāna mea hana ma luna o ka mahu, a ʻoi aku ka nui. kahua kaʻaahi.
E hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻae ʻana o ka Hui Kaʻa o Farani iā Cugnot i mea nāna i hana ka kaʻa mua. Tres Palani.
Pēlā nō, nānā ʻole ʻo Robert Anderson i ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hana ʻo ia i kaʻa kaʻa mua loa ma ka honua no ka mea, ʻo kāna mīkini hoʻokele ponoʻī, i kūkulu ʻia ma Scotland i nā makahiki 1830, he "kaʻa uila" ma mua o ka mīkini hoʻopau i loko.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole ʻo Karl Benz ka mea mua i hana i ka ʻenekini. Ma hope o ka makahiki 1680, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo o kekahi kaukaʻi Dutch i kapa ʻia ʻo Christian Huygens me ka manaʻo o kahi ʻenekini puhi ahi, a he mea maikaʻi paha ʻaʻole ia i kūkulu i kekahi, no ka mea, ʻo kāna manaʻo ʻo ia ka mana me ka pauda.
A ʻo Karl Benz i kōkua ʻia e kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe me ka inoa i kamaʻāina i nā mea pā o Mercedes-Benz (a ʻo Daimler Benz paha, ʻoiai i kapa ʻia ʻo ia), ʻo Gottlieb Daimler, nāna i hana i ka makahiki 1885 i ka ʻenekini hou mua o ka honua me ka pahu hoʻokahi, kū pololei a ka ʻaila i hoʻokomo ʻia ma o ka carburetor . Ua hoʻopili ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano mīkini i kapa ʻia ʻo Reitwagen ("kaʻa holo kaʻa"). Ua like loa kona enekini me ke kinikini pahu hookahi, elua-stroke e hoohana ia e ke kaa i patentia e Karl Benz i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
ʻO Benz, he ʻenekinia mīkini, lawe i ka liona o ka hōʻaiʻē no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kaʻa ʻenekini puhi ahi mua o ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea mua i waiho i kahi palapala hōʻailona no ia mea, i loaʻa iā ia ma Ianuali 29, 1886. .
No ka hoʻohanohano ʻana iā Carl kahiko, ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻo ia i kāna mau huna huna, ʻōnaehana hoʻouna, hoʻolālā kino throttle a me ka radiator.
ʻOiai ʻo ka Benz Patent Motorwagen he kaʻa huila ʻekolu i like me ke kaʻa o ka manawa, me ka lio i pani ʻia e hoʻokahi huila mua (a ʻelua huila nui akā lahilahi ma hope), ua hoʻomaikaʻi koke ʻo Benz iā ia. papahana e hana i kaʻa ʻehā huila maoli i ka makahiki 1891.
I ka hopena o ke kenekulia, ua lilo ʻo Benz & Cie, āna i hoʻokumu ai, i mea hana kaʻa nui loa ma ka honua.
Mai hea mai?
ʻO ka nīnau no ka wā i haku ʻia ai ka kaʻa mua e like me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e like me ka wehewehe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua koi ʻo Gottlieb Daimler i kēia poʻo inoa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haku wale i kēia ʻenekini kumu mua, akā i kahi mana i hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1889 me kahi ʻenekini māhoe māhoe ʻehā-stroke V i kokoke loa i ka hoʻolālā i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā. he pahu pahu hoʻokahi. ma Benz Patent Motorwagen.
I ka makahiki 1927, hui pū ʻo Daimler lāua ʻo Benz e hoʻokumu i ka hui Daimler, a i kekahi lā e lilo ʻo Mercedes-Benz.
Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka hōʻaiʻē i ka Farani: Panhard a me Levassor i ka makahiki 1889, a laila ʻo Peugeot i ka makahiki 1891, ua lilo i poʻe hana kaʻa maoli maoli ma ka honua, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou i kūkulu wale i nā prototypes, ua kūkulu maoli lākou i nā kaʻa holoʻokoʻa a kūʻai aku iā lākou.
Ua hopu koke ka poʻe Kelemania iā lākou, ʻoiaʻiʻo, akā naʻe, he ʻōlelo kūpono loa ia e lohe pinepine ʻoe i kahi rap Peugeot e pili ana i kekahi mea.
ʻO ka kaʻa mua i hana nui ʻia i ka manaʻo hou ʻo ia ka 1901 Curved Dash Oldsmobile, i kūkulu ʻia ma Detroit e Ransom Eli Olds, nāna i hele mai me ka manaʻo o ka laina hui kaʻa a hoʻomaka ʻo Motor City.
Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo Henry Ford kaulana loa no ka laina hui mua a me ka hana nui o nā kaʻa me kāna Model T kaulana i ka makahiki 1908.
ʻO kāna mea i hana ai, he ʻano hoʻomaikaʻi nui a hoʻonui ʻia o ka laina hui e pili ana i nā kāʻei conveyor, e hōʻemi nui ana i nā kumukūʻai hana a me nā manawa hui kaʻa, e lilo koke ʻo Ford i mea hana kaʻa nui loa ma ka honua.
Ma ka makahiki 1917, ua kūkulu ʻia he 15 miliona mau kaʻa Model T, a ʻo kā mākou makemake o nā kaʻa o kēia wā ua ulu nui.
