mākaʻikaʻi lewa
ʻO ka mea lawe mokulele WK2 mua i kapa ʻia ʻo "Eva" ma hope o ka makuahine o Branson.
ʻO nā manaʻo no ka mokulele haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka lele ballistic kanaka i puni no kanakolu makahiki. Ua komo nā hui like ʻole a me nā kānaka i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kēlā moku, akā ua pau nā hana a pau i kahi fiasco. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa, ua hana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona, a inā aia kahi hoʻāʻo o ke kumu hoʻohālike, a laila maʻamau e pau i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā haneli mau mika. Ua loli nui kēlā i ka makahiki 2004, i ka wā i hāpai maikaʻi ai ʻo Scaled Composites i kāna mokulele mokulele liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo SpaceShipOne, i ka 100km. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā hopena i hoʻohiki ʻia, pono e kali ka mokulele mokulele mua ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki.
ʻO ka mea mua, pono e wehewehe ʻia ʻaʻohe wehewehe kino o ke kiʻekiʻe mai kahi e hoʻomaka ai. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka lewa o ka Honua, no ka mea, aia kona mau hiʻohiʻona ma kahi lōʻihi o ʻumi kaukani kilomita mai ka ʻili o ka Honua, ʻoiai ke piʻi nei ka mana umekaumaha o ko kākou honua i kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa miliona mau kilomita, i ka manawa o ka ikaika mai ka honua. ʻo ka Lā ka hopena. I kēia manawa, hiki i nā satellite ke kaʻa i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 250 km wale nō no nā mahina he nui, akā paʻakikī naʻe iā lākou ke haʻalele i ka huaʻōlelo "space".
Ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā ʻāina a i ʻole nā hui i nā wehewehe like ʻole o ka huaʻōlelo "space flight", e alakaʻi pinepine ai i nā hoʻopiʻi a i ʻole nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa, pono e hāʻawi ʻia kekahi mau koi e pili ana i kēia kumuhana. Manaʻo ka FAI (International Aeronautical Federation) ʻo ka "Karman Line" (i wehewehe ʻia i ka waena o ke kenekulia 100 e Theodor von Karman) ka palena ma waena o nā mokulele a me nā mokulele ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 100 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Ua hoʻoholo ka mea nāna i hana me ia ʻano kaupaku, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka mānoanoa o ka lewa no nā mokulele e hoʻohana ana i ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka lele e hoʻomau i ka lele ākea. No laila, hoʻokaʻawale ka FAI i nā mokulele mokulele i nā mokulele ballistic a me orbital, me ka mea mua me nā mea āpau i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka orbit ma luna o 40 km a ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o 000 km.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka hopena o kēia ʻano o ka helu ʻana i ka holo ʻole ʻana o ka lele ʻana o Yuri Gagarin ma ka mokulele Vostok ma ke ʻano he misionari orbital, ʻoiai ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ala lele mai ka lele a hiki i ka pae ʻana ma kahi o 41 km, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia. ma mua o 000 2000 km ma lalo o ke kaupaku i koi ʻia. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka lele - a pololei hoʻi - orbital. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā mokulele mokulele Ballistic ʻelua mau huakaʻi rocket X-15 a me ʻekolu mau huakaʻi rocket SpaceShipOne FAI.
Ua wehewehe ʻo COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) ma ke ʻano he satellite Earth artificial he mea i hoʻohuli ʻia i hoʻokahi hoʻololi ʻana a puni ko kākou honua, a i ʻole ka noho ʻana ma waho o kona lewa no 90 mau minuke. ʻOi aku ka pilikia o kēia wehewehe ʻana, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki wale ke hoʻoholo, ʻoiai me ka ʻole, ka laulā o ka lewa a hiki i ke kaupaku o 100 a i ʻole 120 km, akā hoʻolauna pū kekahi i ka huikau. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hiki i ka manaʻo o ka "orbit" ke kuhikuhi i kahi mokulele a i ʻole ka baluna (ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā mau hihia), ʻaʻole i ka satellite. I ka huli ʻana, hāʻawi ka USAF (US Air Force) a me ka US Congress i ka inoa o ka astronaut i kēlā me kēia pailaka i ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi kiʻekiʻe o 50 mau mile, ʻo ia hoʻi. 80 m. kekahi mau pailaka o ka mokulele hoʻāʻo rocket X-467, a me ʻelua mau pailaka o ka mokulele SpaceShipOne.
Aia kekahi wehewehe ʻē aʻe o ka lele mokulele, i kaʻana like ʻia, no ka laʻana, e ka mea kākau o ka ʻatikala. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hihia i hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea i kahi orbit mau, ʻo ia hoʻi. e hiki ai ke hana i hoʻokahi hoʻololi ʻana a puni ka Honua me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i nā ʻenekini a i ʻole nā mea aerodynamic. Inā no kekahi kumu (he hoʻāʻo ʻana i kahi mokulele a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o kahi kaʻa hoʻokuʻu) ʻaʻole i satellite ʻia ka mea, a laila hiki iā mākou ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i kahi lele mokulele ballistic. E like me ka wehewehe ʻana ma luna, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "spaceflight" no kēia mau mokulele kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻaʻole pono nā pailaka a me nā mea kaʻa o SpaceShipTwo e ʻōlelo he mau astronauts, akā ʻaʻole lākou.
I kēia mau lā, ua puka mai ka huaʻōlelo mesonaut a ke kaulana nei. Hōʻike ʻo ia i kahi kanaka e piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o 50 a 80 km ma luna o ka ʻili o ka Honua, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o ka mesosphere, e hoʻonui ana mai 45-50 a 85-90 km. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai ma hope, e hāʻawi nui nā mesonaut i ka mākaʻikaʻi lewa.
ʻO Virgin Galactic a me SpaceShipTwo
Ma ka waena waena o 2005, ma hope o ka holomua o Scaled Composites a me kāna ʻōnaehana White Knight/SpaceShipOne, kamaʻilio a me ka huakaʻi mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Richard Branson, me ka mea hana mokulele kaulana ʻo Burt Rutan, hoʻokumu ʻo Virgin Galactic, ka mea i lilo i ka mokulele ballistic manned mua. ʻO kona mau ʻauwaʻa he ʻelima SpaceShipTwos hiki ke lawe i ʻeono mau ohua a ʻelua mau pailaka ma kahi lele poina ʻole.
Ua helu ʻo Branson i loko o kekahi mau makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā mai ka ʻoihana ma mua o ka piliona kālā. Ua manaʻo ʻia e kūʻai ʻia kahi tiketi no kēlā huakaʻi ma kahi o $300 (ma mua he $200 wale nō ke kumu kūʻai), akā i ka wā lōʻihi, e hāʻule kēia kumukūʻai ma kahi o $25-30. DALA AMERIKA. E hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā mokulele mai ka $212 miliona Spaceport America i kūkulu ʻia no kēia kumu ma New Mexico (ua wehe ʻia ke alahele i ʻOkakopa 22) a pae i laila.
ʻAʻole kaumaha ʻo Richard Branson.
ʻAʻole loaʻa ka lele Ballistic i nā mea a pau. Pono lākou e loaʻa i ka liʻiliʻi o ke olakino maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻo nā pūʻali G i ka wā o ka lele ʻana a me ka pae ʻana aia ma ke kiʻekiʻe o g + 4-5. No laila, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau maʻamau, pono lākou e hoʻokau i kahi hoʻāʻo hoʻāʻo g + 6-8 i kahi centrifuge. Ma kahi o 400 mau mea noi i kūʻai mua i nā tiketi no nā huakaʻi mua, ma kahi o 90% ua holo pono. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea lawe, i kapa ʻia ʻo White Knight Two (WK2), a me ka SpaceShipTwo (SST) rocket plane, akā ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ko lākou mau mua.
ʻO ka WK2, a i ʻole Model 348, he 24 mau mika ka lōʻihi, he 43 mika ka lōʻihi a he 17 mau tona ka nui o ka uku ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 18 mau kilomita. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e ʻelua mau ʻenekini ʻo Pratt a me Whitney PW308A turbofan. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka mokulele hui ma ke ʻano he māhoe-hull ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka huaʻōlelo. ʻO kekahi o nā hale he kope o ka SST, no laila e hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he hale hoʻomaʻamaʻa. E uhi ka simulation ʻaʻole i ka overload wale nō, akā me ke kaumaha ʻole (a hiki i kekahi mau kekona). E hāʻawi ʻia ka hale lua i nā poʻe kaʻa e makemake e ʻike i ko mākou honua mai kahi kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 20 km. ʻO ka mea mua o ka WK2 ʻo N348MS, a ʻo ka inoa ʻo VMS (Virgin Mothership) Eve, no ka hanohano o ka makuahine o Branson. Ua lele mua ka mokulele ma Dekemaba 21, 2008, lele ʻia e Siebold a me Nichols. Ua kauoha ʻo Virgin Galactic i ʻelua kope o ka WK2, ʻo ka lua, ʻaʻole i mākaukau, e kapa ʻia paha ʻo VMS Spirit o Steve Fossett, ma hope o ka mea lele kaulana, aeronaut a me ka huakaʻi.
