ʻO ke kahua huila o ke kaʻa ka mea nui loa o ke kaʻa. Nā kikoʻī.

ʻO ke kahua huila o ke kaʻa kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ke kaʻa. E lawe i kekahi kumu hoʻohālike, e like me Chevrolet Niva, a ma ka wehewehe e ʻike ʻoe:

• lōʻihi - 4048 mm;
• ka laula - 1800 mm;
• kiʻekiʻe - 1680mm;
• ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe - 220 mm;
• huila huila - 2450 mm o

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ke ala mua, ke ala hope, ke kaumaha, ke kaumaha o kahi kaʻa i lako pono.

ʻO ka wehewehe maʻamau o ka huila huila ka mamao ma waena o nā axles mua a me hope o kahi kaʻa, a i ʻole ka mamao ma waena o nā kiko waena o nā huila mua a me hope.

Ma muli o kēia wehewehe ʻana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kaʻa me kahi huila pōkole a lōʻihi paha. ʻIke maopopo ʻia he wahi huila pōkole ka papa A a i ʻole B papa hatchbacks, ʻoiai ʻo nā kaʻa papa E ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huila.

• Daewoo Matiz papa A - 2340 mm;
• Chevrolet Aveo papa B - 2480 mm;
• Toyota Corolla C-papa - 2600 mm;
• Skoda Superb D-papa - 2803 mm;
• BMW 5-Series E-papa - 2888 mm.

ʻO ke kahua huila pōkole loa i kēia manawa no ka Smart Fortwo noho ʻelua - ma luna o 1800 millimeters wale nō. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa, ʻo ia ke kaʻa pickup Ford F-350 Super Duty Crew Cab - 4379 millimeters, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā mau mika.

He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka mōʻaukala aia nā kaʻa me kahi huila ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, akā ua hana ʻia lākou i nā helu liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole i nā kope hoʻokahi.

Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka huila ke hoʻololi mau. No ka laʻana, i nā makahiki 60 a me 70, kaulana loa ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lima, ua hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia ma ke axle hope a hiki i nā huila hope ke neʻe e pili ana i ke kino i ka mokulele longitudinal, a laila e hoʻololi i ka geometry o ke kahua huila. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano hoʻomaha ma nā kaʻa kalepa he nui, e like me ka Volkswagen Multivan.

Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona me kahi huila like ʻole i ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻokoʻa ka mamao ma waena o nā kikowaena o nā huila ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau mai ka mamao ma ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ʻoi loa ka Renault 16, i hana ʻia mai 1965 a 1980. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma ka pae huila hema a ʻākau he 64 millimeters. I ka wā mua, ua mana'o'ia kēia ka'a i kumu no ka VAZ 2101 e hiki mai ana,'oiai'o ka ho'okele o ka Volga Automobile Plant i koho i ka Fiat 124, kahi kope pololei o kā mākou Kopeikas hou.

Pehea e pili ai ka nui huila i ka hana kalaiwa?

Aia nā ʻaoʻao maikaʻi i nā huila lōʻihi a pōkole.

Kūlana huila lōʻihi

ʻO ka hoʻolālā o ia mau kaʻa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hana i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu no ka poʻe kaʻa. E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai mai ka papa inoa ma luna, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kaʻa o nā papa kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana a me ka hoʻokō. Hiki i nā poʻe kaʻa noho hope ke noho mālie ma ko lākou mau noho me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ke kua me ko lākou mau kuli.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokele o ia mau kaʻa he maʻalahi, ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui ʻia ka like ʻole o ka ʻili o ke alanui. Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ia mau kaʻa ma ke ala, e hōʻike i nā dinamika maikaʻi aʻe i ka wā o ka wikiwiki. I ke kihi ʻana, liʻiliʻi lākou i ka ski.

He mea kūpono hoʻi e ʻike i nā kaʻa me kahi huila lōʻihi, e like me ke kānāwai, he kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa mua, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe pono e lawe i kahi pahu cardan lōʻihi i ka axle hope, e alakaʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha a me ka emi ʻana. i ka oluolu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mālama ʻana i nā kaʻa kaʻa huila hope.

Puka huila pōkole

ʻO nā mea maikaʻi o ia mau kaʻa he:

• ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka maneuverability ma ke kūlanakauhale;
• ua hoʻonui lākou i ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻāina - ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kihi ramp a me ke kihi puka komo;
• ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka puka ʻana mai ka skid;
• i nā māmā kiʻekiʻe i ʻoi aku ka paʻa a hiki ke mālama ʻia.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā mākou e nānā kokoke i nā SUV, SAV, CUV - ʻo ia hoʻi, nā crossovers kūlanakauhale, SUVs, a me nā SUV no ka J-papa e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ʻEulopa, e ʻike mākou aia lākou i ka lākiō maikaʻi loa o ka wheelbase a lōʻihi kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia hoʻonohonoho e hōʻike ana i ke alo o nā ʻano kaʻa a pau: mua, hope, kaʻa huila āpau.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i mua a me hope overhangs, kahi huila pōkole pōkole a me kahi ala ākea, hiki i nā SUV a me nā crossovers ke hoʻokele maʻalahi ma nā alanui kūlanakauhale maikaʻi ʻole (a ua lawa ka nui o lākou ma nā ākea ākea o Rūsia. ua lawa ka huli ana mai ke alanui federala), pela a me ka malamalama o ke alanui.

ʻAʻole ia he mea huna no nā mea hoʻokele akamai e noho ka ʻelele Toyota Camry me kona kumu o 2800 mm ma kona ʻōpū ma ka puʻu maʻalahi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka pseudo-crossovers Kina Lifan X60 a i ʻole Geely MK Cross e neʻe me ka maʻalahi.

Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi huila pōkole a lōʻihi paha ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo, no ka mea, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻokele o kahi kumu hoʻohālike e hilinaʻi like i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.

• ka lakio o ka huila a me ka huina o ka loa o ke kino:
• mua a ma hope;
• kaʻawale ʻāina.

ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā kaʻa me kahi ala ākea ma ke alanui, komo a puka i waho i nā huli paʻakikī me ka maʻalahi, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka poʻe. Akā, aia nā mea āpau i kona palena - inā hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao ma waena o nā huila hema a me ka ʻākau i kekahi waiwai, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopau i ka hōʻoluʻolu a i ʻole ka paʻa - e hele pinepine ke kaʻa i kahi skid i ka wā e paʻi ka ʻaoʻao hema a ʻākau paha i kahi. wahi hau a hau paha. ʻOiai inā ʻoe e hoʻokuke wale ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke alanui i ka wā o ka hoʻokele ʻana, a laila he kiʻekiʻe loa ke kūlana i loko o kahi auwai.

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻoholo lōʻihi nā mea ʻenehana kaʻa i ka ratio maikaʻi loa o ka laulā track a me ka lōʻihi o ka huila.

Inā lawe ʻoe i kekahi kaʻa, e ʻike ʻoe he 1,6-1,8. No ka laʻana, VAZ 2101 - kumu 2424 mm i puʻunaue ʻia e ke ala mua 1349, loaʻa iā mākou ka 1,79. ʻO kēia lākiō e hāʻawi i ka mana maikaʻi loa. He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ratio i loko o ka "Golden Section" - kahi ʻāpana e like me 5/3, 8/5, 13/8 a pēlā aku - a ʻo kēia mau mea a pau i haku ʻia e Leonardo da Vinci. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haku, akā ua hoʻokumu ʻia, no ka mea, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo ma mua ona i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana.

E ʻoluʻolu hoʻi e ana ʻia ka lakio o ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻa a me ke kahua huila i nā lita - no ka laʻana, ma nā ʻano o nā kaʻa he nui lākou e kākau nei:

Acura TLX 2015:

• lōʻihi 4834;
• huila huila 2776;
• ka lōʻihi i ke kumu lākiō o 1,74 lita.

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hāʻule kēia waiwai i loko o ka ʻāpana gula o Leonardo da Vinci. Ua maopopo ka ʻoi aku ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka palekana o ke kaʻa ma mua o kēia mau waiwai āpau e pili ana i ka mea kūpono.

Ke hoʻouka nei…