Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā aila kaʻa e like me ILSAC
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ILSAC: nā mea hoʻolako maʻamau
I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana i ka launa pū ʻana ma nā wahi āpau o ka hana. No laila, nui nā kūlana, nā kikoʻī a me nā palapala hoʻoponopono ʻē aʻe i nā ʻoihana like ʻole i kēia mau ʻāina i loaʻa kahi mea maʻamau a i ʻole like loa. ʻAʻole i hala kēia hanana i ka ʻāpana o nā aila kaʻa no nā kaʻa.
Ma ka laulā, he 4 mau māka i ʻike ʻia no nā aila kaʻa ma ka honua: SAE, API, ACEA a me ILSAC. A ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka ILSAC classification Japanese, ʻo ia ka muli loa. Hoʻomaopopo koke mākou ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā lubricants i nā ʻāpana e like me ka ʻōnaehana standardization Iapana e uhi wale i nā ʻenekini kūloko kūloko o nā kaʻa kaʻa. ʻAʻole pili ka ILSAC i nā ʻenekini diesel.
Ua ʻike hou ʻia ka maʻamau ILSAC GF-1 ma 1992. Ua hana ʻia ma ke kumu o ka American API SH maʻamau i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o nā hui Iapana a me ʻAmelika o nā mea hana kaʻa. ʻO nā koi no nā aila kaʻa i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia palapala, ma nā ʻōlelo ʻenehana, ua hoʻopili piha ʻia ʻo API SH. Eia hou, ma 1996, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi maʻamau ILSAC GF-2 hou. ʻO ia, e like me ka palapala mua, he kope ia o ka papa SJ API ʻAmelika, i kākau hou ʻia ma ke ʻano Iapana.
I kēia mau lā, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau papa ʻelua i ka wā kahiko a ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia e lepili i nā aila kaʻa hou i hana ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, inā makemake kahi kaʻa i nā lubricants GF-1 a i ʻole GF-2 no kāna mīkini, hiki ke pani ʻia me ka makaʻu ʻole me nā aila hou o kēia maʻamau.
ILSAC GF-3
I ka makahiki 2001, ua koi ʻia nā mea hana aila kaʻa kaʻa Iapana e hoʻololi i kahi maʻamau hou: ILSAC GF-3. Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻenehana, ua kope ʻia mai ka papa SL API ʻAmelika. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mākeke kūloko Iapana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka papa lubricants GF-3 hou. Ma nā kūlana o nā mokupuni nui loa, ua kūpono kēia koi.
Eia kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻaila ʻenekini ILSAC GF-3 e hāʻawi i ka waiwai wahie koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pale o ka ʻenekini mai ka pōʻino ma lalo o nā haʻahaʻa koʻikoʻi. I kēlā manawa, i loko o ke kaiāulu o nā mea hana kaʻa Iapana, aia kahi manaʻo e hōʻemi i ka viscosity o nā aila kaʻa. A ua koi ʻia kēia mai nā lubricants haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻonui i nā waiwai pale i nā mahana hana.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia maʻamau i ka hana ʻana i nā aila kaʻa, a ʻaʻole i hōʻailona ʻia nā canisters me nā lubricants hou i ka mākeke kūloko o Iapana no kekahi mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ma waho o kēia ʻāina, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā kini ʻaila o ka papa ILSAC GF-3.
ILSAC GF-4
Ua hoʻopuka ʻia kēia maʻamau ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi no nā mea hana aila kaʻa ma 2004. I ka huli ʻana, kope ʻia mai ka maʻamau o ka American Petroleum Institute API SM. Ma ka mākeke kūloko o Iapana, ke haʻalele mālie nei ia i nā papa, e hāʻawi ana i kahi papa hou.
ʻO ka maʻamau ILSAC GF-4, ma kahi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā koi no ka launa ʻana o ke kaiapuni o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kinoea exhaust a me ka pono wahie, hoʻoponopono pū i nā palena viscosity. ʻO nā aila GF-4 a pau he haʻahaʻa viscosity. ʻO ka viscosity o ILSAC GF-4 greases mai 0W-20 a i 10W-30. ʻO ia, ʻaʻohe ʻaila ILSAC GF-4 maoli ma ka mākeke me kahi viscosity, no ka laʻana, 15W-40.
ʻO ka ILSAC GF-4 ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻana ma nā ʻāina lawe kaʻa Iapana. Nui nā mea hana o nā lubricants e hana ana i nā aila ʻenekini no nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko o nā kaʻa Iapana e hana i nā huahana maʻamau GF-4 i kahi ākea o nā viscosities.
ILSAC GF-5
I kēia lā, ʻo ka maʻamau ILSAC GF-5 ka mea holomua a ākea. Hoʻopuka hou i ka papa o kēia manawa i ʻae ʻia e ka American Petroleum Institute no API SM gasoline ICE. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo GF-5 ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi no nā mea hana aila kaʻa ma 2010.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā koi no ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hana kaiapuni, pono ka ʻaila ILSAC GF-5 e pale i ka ʻenekini me ka hilinaʻi i ka wā e holo ai ma ka bioethanol. Kaulana ʻia kēia wahie no ka "tacky" i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā petroleum maʻamau i loaʻa i ka ʻaila a pono e hoʻonui i ka pale no ka mīkini. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kūlana kaiapuni a me ka makemake o Iapana e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ua hoʻokomo i nā mea hana kaʻa i kahi pahu paʻa. Hāʻawi pū ʻo ILSAC GF-5 no ka hana ʻana i nā lubricants me kahi viscosity i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka manawa o ka ʻae ʻana o ka palapala: 0W-16.
I kēia manawa, ke hoʻomohala nei nā ʻenehana alanui Iapana a me ʻAmelika a me nā ʻenekini ʻaila i ka maʻamau ILSAC GF-6. ʻO ka wānana mua no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā aila kaʻa e like me ILSAC i hoʻonohonoho ʻia no Ianuali 2018. Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2019, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka maʻamau hou.
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā kumuwaiwai ʻōlelo Pelekania, ua hoʻolaha mua nā mea hana kaulana o nā aila kaʻa a me nā mea hoʻohui i ka puka ʻana mai o kahi hanauna hou o nā aila kaʻa me ka maʻamau ILSAC GF-6. Aia kekahi ʻike e hoʻokaʻawale ana ka hoʻohālikelike ILSAC hou i ka maʻamau GF-6 i ʻelua subclasses: GF-6 a me GF-6B. He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau subclasses ʻaʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia.
