Moolelo o ka hydrogen wahie kaa

ʻO ka hopena o 2000s a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2010s i ʻike i ka boom i nā kaʻa hydrogen i hoʻokomo mālie ʻia i ka mākeke honua.

Inā ʻo ʻoe ke ʻano o ke kanaka i ʻike ʻole i nā mea pāʻani DVD a makemake ʻoe i kāu holomua ʻenehana e neʻe i ka wikiwiki o ka honu ma mua o ka hare, ʻo ka manaʻo o nā kaʻa hydrogen e makemake paha ʻoe i nā lā e loaʻa ai nā pennies. alakaʻi i nā alanui - farthings. 

He mea weliweli paha nā kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hydrogen mai ka wā e hiki mai ana, akā he ʻenehana kaʻa kaʻa ia i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o kou manaʻo maoli. 

Na wai i hana ke kaʻa hydrogen mua? 

ʻO ka mua hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine (ICE) ua ʻoi aku ka like me ka mea hoʻomāinoino ma mua o kahi mea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hilinaʻi, a ua hana ʻia e Swiss inventor François Isaac de Rivaz i ka makahiki 1807 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka baluna ea wela i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hydrogen. hydrogen a me ka oxygen. Ma keʻano loea, hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia kaʻa hydrogen mua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka kaʻa hydrogen hou a hiki i ka 150 mau makahiki ma hope. 

Moolelo o hydrogen wahie keena

I ka wā i maʻalili ai ke ola a hiki i ka mea maʻamau ke loaʻa i ʻekolu mau hana i ka manawa like (ʻo ia ka makahiki 1847), ua hoʻokumu ka chemist, loio, a me ka physicist ʻo William Grove i kahi pahu wahie hana. oxygen. i ka uila, ka mea i hāʻawi iā ia i ke kuleana e kaena e pili ana i ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka wahie.

Ua hoʻomaka ka mōʻaukala o nā wahie wahie i ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia ai ka hana a Groves e ka ʻenekini Pelekane ʻo Francis Thomas Bacon ma waena o 1939 a me 1959, i ka wā o ke kaʻa wahie hou mua he Allis-Chalmers tractor mahiʻai i hoʻokomo ʻia me kahi pahu wahie 15 kW i ka hopena o 1950. makahiki XNUMX. 

ʻO ka kaʻa alanui mua e hoʻohana ai i ka wahie ʻo Chevrolet Electrovan i kapa ʻia, i hōʻea mai i ka makahiki 1966 mai General Motors a ua kaena ʻo ia ma kahi o 200 km a me ka wikiwiki o 112 km/h. 

Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he kumu wahie no nā kaʻa kaʻa i nā makahiki 1980 a me 90, akā i ka makahiki 2001 ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahu hydrogen 700 bar (10000 psi) mua, kahi mea hoʻololi pāʻani no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻenehana i nā kaʻa a hoʻonui i ka lele. laula. 

ʻO ka hopena o 2000s a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2010s i ʻike i ka boom i nā kaʻa hydrogen i hoʻokomo mālie ʻia i ka mākeke honua. Ma 2008, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Honda i ka FCX Clarity i loaʻa no ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku ma Iapana a me Kaleponi Hema, ʻoiai ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia i kahi kaʻa kaʻa nui ma 2015.

Ma kahi o 20 mau kaʻa hydrogen-powered ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he prototypes a i ʻole demos, me ka F-Cell hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV, ʻaʻole "FCV" e like me ke kapa ʻana o kekahi poʻe) mai Mercedes-Benz, ka HydroGen4 mai General Motors. a me Hyundai ix35 FCEV.

ʻO nā kaʻa hydrogen: he aha ka mea e hiki mai ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana 

Hyundai Nexo

ʻO ka hihia no nā kaʻa hydrogen-powered ma ke ʻano he koho kaʻa kaʻa i loaʻa ka manawa i ka wā i hoʻokuʻu ai ʻo Hyundai i ka Nexo ma Korea ma 2018, kahi i kūʻai aku ai ma luna o 10,000 mau ʻāpana ma ke kumukūʻai e like me AU $ 84,000. 

Ke kūʻai ʻia nei ka Nexo ma US (ma ka mokuʻāina ʻōmaʻomaʻo o Kaleponi), UK a me Australia, kahi e loaʻa ai no ka hoʻolimalima kūikawā i ke aupuni a me nā ʻoihana nui mai Malaki 2021, e lilo ana ia i FCEV mua loa i loaʻa i ke kālepa ma ko makou mau kapakai. 

I kēia manawa, ʻo Nexo wale nō ka wahi e hoʻopiha ai i ka wahie ma New South Wales ʻo ia ke keʻena nui o Hyundai ma Sydney, ʻoiai aia kahi hale hoʻokele semi-state ma Canberra kahi i hoʻolimalima ai ke aupuni i kekahi mau hydrogen FCEV. 

Hiki i ka waihona kinoea hydrogen ma luna ke paʻa i 156.5 lita, ʻoiai hiki i ka Nexo ke hele i 666 km ma kahi kaʻa uila 120 kW/395 Nm.

ʻO ka hoʻopiha piha ʻana i ka Nexo - a me nā kaʻa hydrogen āpau - he mau minuke wale nō ia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kaʻa uila e lawe ana ma nā wahi āpau mai 30 mau minuke a 24 mau hola e hoʻopaʻa ai. 

ʻO Toyota Mirai

Ua ʻike ʻia ka hanauna mua ʻo Mirai FCEV ma Iapana i ka makahiki 2014, a ʻo ka lua o ka hanauna hou i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ua hana mua i ka pāpaho, e hoʻonohonoho ana i kahi moʻolelo honua no ka mileage o 1,360 km ma kahi pahu piha o 5.65 kg o ka hydrogen.

E like me Hyundai, ke manaʻolana nei ʻo Toyota e ʻōwili koke ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻopihapiha hydrogen o Australia i hiki iā ia ke kūʻai aku i kāna FCEV i nā mea kūʻai aku, a hiki i ka Mirais i hoʻolimalima ʻia ma Australia ke hiki i kēia manawa ke hoʻopiha wale i kahi wahi nona Toyota ma Alton, Victoria. 

ʻO ka nui o ka waihona hydrogen ma luna o ka moku he 141 lita, a he 650 km ka huakaʻi holo.

H2X Varrego

E hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Australian FCEV H2X Global i ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kāna ʻenekini Warrego ute hydrogen i ʻApelila 2022. 

ʻAʻole no ka poʻe nāwaliwali nā kumukūʻai mua o ka huakaʻi: $189,000 no ka Warrego 66, $235,000 no ka Warrego 90, a me $250,000 no ka Warrego XR.

He 6.2 kg (500 km) a i ʻole 9.3 kg (he 750 km) ke kaumaha o nā pahu hydrogen ma luna.

Eia kekahi…

Ke kūkulu ʻia nei ka Hyundai Staria FCEV, e like me nā FCEV mai Kia, Genesis, Ineos Automotive (Grenadier 4×4) a me Land Rover (iconic Defender).