Wa wela ma mua o ka F-35

Wahi a nā ʻōlelo, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana S-400 i Turkey ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻAmelika i ka pau ʻana o ka hui pū ʻana me Ankara ma ka papahana F-35 Lightning II. Kiʻi na Clinton White.

Ma Iulai 16, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Pelekikena Donald Trump e hoʻopau ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hui pūʻali koa a me ka hoʻokele waiwai me Turkey ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka papahana mokulele kaua multirole F-35 Lightning II a Lockheed Martin. ʻO kēia ʻōlelo ka hopena o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana pale ea S-400, i kūʻai ʻia ma Rūsia a, ʻoiai ke koi ʻana mai Wakinekona, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Ankara mai ka ʻaelike i luna. He nui nā hopena o kēia hoʻoholo no kēia papahana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka muliwai Vistula.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo a ka pelekikena o ʻAmelika he hopena pololei ia o nā hanana o Iulai 12, i ka wā i hōʻea ai nā mokulele mokulele Lūkini i ke kahua mokulele ʻo Murted kokoke i ke kapikala Turkish, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea mua o ka ʻōnaehana S-400 (no nā kikoʻī hou aku, e ʻike iā WiT 8/2019. ). ). Ua hōʻike ka nui o nā mea haʻi'ōlelo i kēia manawa lōʻihi ma waena o nā hanana i hiki ke hopena i nā kuʻikahi i loko o ka US federal administration ma luna o nā koho e "hoʻopaʻi" i nā Turks i loaʻa ma o ka CAATSA (Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kānāwai i ʻAukake 2017 . Ma waho aʻe o ka F-35 embargo, hiki i nā ʻAmelika ke kaupalena i ke kākoʻo e pili ana i nā ʻano mea kaua ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e ka Turkish Armed Forces a i ʻole i hoʻolako ʻia i kēia manawa (no ka laʻana, hopohopo i kēia, ua hoʻonui ʻo Turkey i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa no ka F-16C. / D i nā pule i hala iho nei, a ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hāʻawi ʻo Boeing a me ke Keʻena ʻOihana i nā helikopter CH-47F Chinook piha). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ma nā ʻōlelo a nā poʻe kālai'āina ʻo Potomac, ma kahi o nā huaʻōlelo "embargo" a i ʻole "exclusion" wale nō ke lohe ʻia ʻo "suspension". E like me ka mea i haʻi mua ʻia, ua haʻalele nā ​​limahana Turkish e pili ana i ka papahana F-35 i ka United States ma ka hopena o Iulai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki i ʻAmelika ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole e hōʻike ʻia nā mea huna o ka papahana i mālama ʻia e Turkey, i ka poʻe Lūkini a i ʻole ka Kina. ʻO nā F-35A ʻehā i ʻākoakoa a hāʻawi ʻia i ka mea hoʻohana aia ma ke kahua ʻo Luke ma Arizona, kahi e noho ai lākou a kali i ko lākou hopena. Wahi a nā hoʻolālā mua, ʻo ka mea mua o lākou i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea i ke kahua ʻo Malatya i Nowemapa o kēia makahiki.

I kēia lā, ua ʻākoakoa ʻo Lockheed Martin a ua kau aku i ʻehā mau F-35A i Turkey, i hoʻouna ʻia i Luke Base ma Arizona, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā limahana Turkish. Wahi a nā hoʻolālā, ʻo ka F-35A mua e hōʻea i Turkey i Nowemapa o kēia makahiki, ma ka huina o Ankara i hoʻolaha i kona mākaukau e kūʻai i nā kope 100, hiki i kēia helu ke komo pū i ka mana F-35B. Kiʻi na Clinton White.

ʻO ka mea mahalo, ʻaʻole kēia ka manawa mua i loaʻa i nā Turks nā pilikia e kūʻai aku i nā mokulele kaua US. I nā makahiki 80, pono ʻo Ankara e hōʻoia iā Wakinekona ʻaʻole e komo nā "mea huna" o ka F-16C / D i ka Soviet Union a me kāna mau hoa. No ka makaʻu i ka leak o ka ʻike, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka poʻe ʻAmelika i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā kaʻa i Turkey a me Helene - e like me ke kulekele o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike ma waena o nā hoa kaua NATO ʻelua. Ua ʻimi lōʻihi ʻo ʻAmelika i kahi kulekele kūʻai aku i nā ʻano mea kaua like i nā ʻāina ʻelua.

ʻO ke komo ʻana o Turkey i ka papahana F-35 Lightning II mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia kenekulia, i ka wā i lilo ai ʻo Ankara i ka hiku o ka hui honua ma ka hui Tier 195. Ua hoʻolilo ʻo Turkey i $2007 miliona ma ka papahana. I Ianuali 116, ua hoʻolaha mua kona mau mana i ko lākou manaʻo e kūʻai i nā kaʻa 35 i ka F-100A ʻano like ʻole, ma hope ua kaupalena ʻia lākou i 35. No ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka pūʻali koa Turkish, ʻaʻole hiki ke kāpae ʻia ke kauoha. e māhele ʻia ma waena o nā mana F-35A a me F. -2021B. Kuhi ʻia nā mea hope no ka helikopter pae ʻāina ʻo Anadolu, ʻo ia ka mea e komo i ka lawelawe ma 10. I kēia lā, ua kauoha ʻo Ankara i ʻeono F-11A i ʻelua mau pūʻulu mua (35th a me XNUMXth).

Ma 2007, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hui ʻoihana me nā ʻoihana ʻAmelika e ʻimi i ka hana ʻana o nā mea F-35 ma Turkey. Aia ka papahana i kēia manawa, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, Turkish Aerospace Industries, Kale Pratt & Whitney, Kale Aerospace, Alp Aviation a me Ayesaş, e hāʻawi ana ma mua o 900 mau mea hoʻolālā no kēlā me kēia F-35. ʻO kā lākou papa inoa: ʻo ka ʻāpana waena o ka fuselage (ʻo nā metala a me nā ʻāpana composite), ka uhi o loko o ka ea intakes, nā pylons no nā mea kaua ea-i ka honua, nā mea o ka mīkini F135, nā mea hoʻokele, nā ʻōnaehana braking, nā mea o ka. ʻōnaehana hōʻike ʻikepili i loko o ka cockpit a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu i nā mea kaua. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka hapalua o lākou e hana wale ʻia ma Turkey. Mai ʻaneʻi, ua kauoha ke Keʻena ʻOihana iā Lockheed Martin e ʻimi koke i nā mea hoʻolako ʻē aʻe ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ke kālā pale ma kahi o $600 miliona. Hoʻopau ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana no ka F-35 ma Turkey no Malaki 2020. Wahi a ka Pentagon, ʻo ka hoʻololi o nā mea hoʻolako e hoʻopili liʻiliʻi i ka papahana holoʻokoʻa, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa. Ua kūkulu ʻia kekahi o nā kikowaena lawelawe ʻenekini F135 ma Turkey. Wahi a ka ʻōlelo a ka Ministry of Defense, ke hoʻomaka nei nā kūkākūkā me kekahi o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa no ka hoʻoili ʻana. Ma 2020-2021, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaka i ʻelua mau kikowaena o kēia ʻano ma Netherlands a me Norewai. Eia kekahi, ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mana Block 4, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hui Turkish e komo i ka papahana no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mokulele me nā ʻano mea kaua i hana ʻia ma Turkey.

Aneane ma hope koke iho o ka hoʻoholo ʻana a ka pelekikena ʻAmelika, ua ʻike ʻia nā manaʻo he nui ma Polani, e hōʻike ana e hiki ke lawe ʻia nā wahi i mālama ʻia no nā kaʻa Tureke ma ka laina hui hope ma Fort Worth e ke Keʻena ʻo National Defense, e hoʻolaha ana i ke kūʻai ʻana o 32 F. -35 ʻO ka Air Force. Me he mea lā ʻo ka manawa nui ka hihia, ʻoiai ua hoʻolaha ʻo Netherlands i kahi kauoha no nā kope ʻewalu a ʻeiwa paha, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia ka lua o ka tranche e Iapana (no nā kumu kālā, e hele mai ka mokulele mai ka laina Fort Worth) a i ʻole ka Repubalika. o Korea.

I kēia manawa ke waiho nei ka nīnau he aha ka pane a Turkey. Hiki i kekahi o nā koho ke kūʻai aku i ka Su-57, a me ke komo ʻana o nā hui Lūkini i ka papahana no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mokulele TAI TF-X 5th generation.