ʻAila. He aha kēia wahie?

Ka waiwai kino a me ke kemika o ka aila kinoea

I ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila home, pono e hoʻokō ka ʻaila kinoea i nā koi ʻenehana o GOST R 52755-2007, ʻaʻole ia he kūʻokoʻa, akā he wahie composite, i loaʻa ma ka hui ʻana i nā condensates a i ʻole ka aila. Hoʻohana ʻia kēlā ʻaila ʻaila e hoʻohana wale i nā mea hoʻohui.

Hoʻopuka ʻo GOST i nā ʻāpana aila gas penei:

1. ʻO ka mānoanoa ma ka wela o waho 15^°C, t/m³ - 750… 1000.
2. Kinematic viscosity ma 50^°C, mm2/s, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe - 200.
3. Ka wela wela, ^°Me - 270...500.
4. ʻO ka ʻike o nā pūhui sulfur i ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia,% - a hiki i 20.
5. Helu waika, ma ke ano o KOH - a hiki i ka 4.
6. ʻO ka heleʻana o nā meaʻino mechanical,% - a hiki i ka 10;
7. Aia ka wai,% - a hiki i 5.

ʻAʻohe mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia maʻamau e pili ana i ka aila kinoea, a ʻo kahi kikowaena data koʻikoʻi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻoholo, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka aila kinoea i kahi papa o nā hydrocarbons, akā ua māhele ʻia i nā pūʻulu. ʻElua ʻano nui o ka aila kinoea - ka aila kinoea hau (a i ʻole ka māmā) a me ka aila ʻea kinoea (a i ʻole ke kaumaha).

Nā waiwai kino o ka ʻaila kinoea lewa

Loaʻa kēia ʻano hydrocarbon ma ka lewa (a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe iki aʻe, a hiki i ka 15 kPa), ke loaʻa nā hakina me kahi mahana o 270 a 360.^°H.

He kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka wai ʻaila ʻaila māmā, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ma nā haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he mānoanoa. Hoemi nui keia i ka pono o keia ano aila kinoea ma ke ano he wahie no na kaa, no laila, aole kuai kekahi poe kalepa aila i ka aila kinoea mama, aka, o kona condensate, he mea hoopau ia o ka hana petrochemical mau.

Hiki ke ho'oka'awale 'ia ka aila kinoea e kona kala - he melemele ma'ema'e a he melemele-'ōma'oma'o paha. ʻO ka maopopo ʻole o nā hiʻohiʻona aila kinoea, i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka paukū mua, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano paʻa ʻole o kēia ʻano wahie, i hoʻonui ʻia e ka nui o ka nitrogen a me ka sulfur, ka mea e hoʻohaumia ai i nā mīkini.

Nā waiwai kino o ka aila kinoea

E paila ana ka aila kinoea kaumaha ma na wela kiekie, ma ka laula o 350…560^°C, a ma lalo o ka momi i loko o ka moku catalyst. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona viscosity, no laila, piʻi ka helu uila e like me ia (a hiki i 120 ... 150^°C) a me ka mānoanoa mānoanoa, ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, emi iho, a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o -22 ... -30^°C. He melemele iki ke kala o ia aila kinoea, a aneane akaka i kekahi manawa.

ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻano mea kūʻai aku o waho o ka aila koʻikoʻi e pili kokoke ana i nā waiwai o ka wahie diesel e pili ana, ʻaʻole lākou paʻa, a hilinaʻi nui i nā kūlana o waho. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia e nā ʻano hana i hoʻokō ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka aila kinoea. No laila, ʻo ia ka hapa waena o nā kaʻina hana kemika o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano hana mau.

Ka hoohana ana i ka aila kinoea

Ma ke ʻano he ʻano wahie kūʻokoʻa no nā kaʻa, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka aila kinoea. Eia naʻe, loaʻa iā ia ka noi ma nā wahi o ka ʻoihana waiwai:

• ʻO nā lako kapuahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomehana ʻana i nā hale noho a me nā hale ʻoihana.
• ʻO nā moku muliwai a me nā moku i lako me nā ʻenekini diesel mana haʻahaʻa.
• ʻO nā mea hana Diesel.
• ʻO nā mīkini mahiʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​alanui, mai nā mea ʻoki mauʻu a me nā mea maloʻo palaoa a i nā mea ʻeli a me nā ʻōpala.

ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻōlelo ʻia ka aila ʻaila ma ke ʻano he wahie hoʻihoʻi no nā haukapila, nā kikowaena data a me nā hui ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā huahana petroleum wai. ʻAʻole i wehewehe nui ʻia kēia ma ka waiwai o ka aila kinoea ma ke ʻano he wahie, akā ma muli o kona ʻano liʻiliʻi.

ʻAla kinoea a me ka wahie diesel: ʻokoʻa

E hoʻomaka kākou me ka ʻike ʻole ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ke ʻano o ka aila kinoea e like me ka wahie diesel no nā kaʻa: hoʻohaumia nui ia i nā ʻāpana neʻe o ka ʻenekini, no laila e hāʻule ai ke kūpaʻa o nā koina torque, a me ka ʻai ʻana o ia ". wahie" piʻi nui. Akā no nā kaʻa mana liʻiliʻi (i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe a me nā mea halihali, hui pū, nā tractors, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ʻaʻohe mea koʻikoʻi o ka instability o nā ʻano physicochemical o ka aila kinoea, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini o ia mau mea. manawa.

ʻO ka manaʻo o "diselula ʻulaʻula", ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo ia wale nō ka hoʻohui ʻana o kahi dye kūikawā i ka aila kinoea. Kōkua kēia i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea hoʻolaha wahie hewa ʻole, no ka mea, ʻo ia ʻano hoʻololi kala, ʻike ʻia ma ke kahua kinoea, e komo ana i nā uku nui.

ʻO ka hui kemika o ka aila a me ka wahie diesel ua aneane like, no laila he mea kūpono ke kuhikuhi ʻana mai kēia manaʻo, ʻo ka aila kinoea he wahie diesel ʻulaʻula. ʻO ia ka mea e hōʻeha nui ai i kāu kaʻa.

ʻO nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea ʻaila hydrotreaters