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Ferrari 488 Spider 2017 loiloi

Hoʻāʻo a loiloi ʻo James Cleary i ka Ferrari 488 Spider hou me ka hana, ka ʻai wahie a me ka hoʻoholo.

Aneane hiki ole. E haʻi aku i kekahi he mea kākau moʻolelo kaʻa ʻoe a ʻo ka nīnau mua, "No laila he aha ke kaʻa maikaʻi loa āu i hoʻokele ai?" 

Me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka loiloi esoteric i ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "maikaʻi" i kēia pōʻaiapili, maopopo ka makemake o nā poʻe iā ʻoe e inoa i kāu punahele. ʻO ke kaʻa wikiwiki loa āu e makemake ai; ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i kahi ʻike maikaʻi loa.

A inā wau e komo i loko o ka lumi o nā aniani (kahi e ʻike mau ai ʻoe iā ʻoe iho) maopopo ka pane. ʻO nā kaukani o nā kaʻa aʻu i hauʻoli i ka hoʻokele, ʻo ka Ferrari 458 Italia ka mea maikaʻi loa i kēia manawa, kahi hui maʻemaʻe maikaʻi loa o ka ʻōlinolino ikaika, ka wikiwiki huhū, ke kani ʻuā a me ka nani hala ʻole.

No laila, ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻokele i ka mana hamama o ka Spider o kona hope, ʻo ka 488, he mea nui. Ma ka pololei, pono e lilo i mea maikaʻi loa. Akā ʻo ia?

Ferrari 488 2017: BTB
Ka helu palekana-
ʻenekini ʻano3.9L
ʻAi wahieʻO ka ʻaila hoʻokele waiwai ʻole
ʻO ka pono wahie11.4l / 100km
Hoʻopili2 noho
Kumukūʻai o$315,500

Aia kekahi mea hoihoi e pili ana i kona hoʻolālā? 10/10


Hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka makahiki 2015, ʻo ka 488 ka ʻehā o ka V8 waena waena o Ferrari e pili ana i ka hale kiʻi kiʻi alumini i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka 360 ​​Modena i ka makahiki 1999 a, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ma mua i kākau ʻia e Pininfarina, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka Design Center Ferrari ma lalo o ke alakaʻi Flavio Manzoni.

ʻO kēia manawa a puni, ʻo ka manaʻo nui ma ka hana aerodynamic, me nā pono hanu hou a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka 488-lita V3.9 twin-turbo 8 engine (i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka 458-liter naturally aspirated 4.5 engine); no laila ka ʻike ʻike ʻike ʻia o ke kaʻa, ʻo ka nui o ka ea intake ma nā ʻaoʻao.

ʻO ke ana ʻana he 4568mm mai ka ihu a i ka huelo a he 1952mm ma waena, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka 488 Spider (+41mm) a ʻoi aku ka laulā (+15mm) ma mua o kāna hoa 458. Eia naʻe, ua like ke kiʻekiʻe, ma 1211mm wale nō, a ʻo ka huila huila o 2650 mm. ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia.

He haku hoʻokō ʻo Ferrari i ka hūnā akamai ʻana i nā stunts aerodynamic kupaianaha, a ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka 488 Spider.

I loko, maʻalahi ka hoʻolālā a nānā i ke kanaka me ka huila ma ko lākou mau lima.

ʻO nā mea o luna o kāna F1-inspired dual front spoiler e kuhikuhi pono ana i ka ea i nā radiators ʻelua, aʻo ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa nui e alakaʻi maʻalahi i ka kahe ma lalo o ke kaʻa, kahi i hoʻokani pono ʻia ai nā "vortex generators" a me kahi diffuser hope loa (me ka hoʻololi kamepiula-controlled. flaps) hoʻonui i ka downforce me ka ʻole o ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o ka huki.

Hoʻopuka ka mea hoʻoheheʻe hope i ka ea mai ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ea ma ke kumu o ka puka makani hope, ʻo kāna geometry kikoʻī e ʻae ai i kahi ʻaoʻao nui o ka ʻaoʻao (concave) e hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i luna a hoʻonui i ka downforce me ka ʻole o ka ʻēheu nui aʻe.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao e ka ʻūhā ākea waena, me ka ea mai luna e kuhikuhi ʻia i nā puka waho ma luna o ka huelo, e hoʻokuke ana i ke ala haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma hope pono o ke kaʻa a hoʻi i hope e hōʻemi hou i ka huki. ʻO ka ea e komo ana i ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa e kuhikuhi ʻia i nā intercoolers turbo hoʻoluʻu ea e hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika. Maikaʻi maikaʻi nā mea a pau a incognito maikaʻi.

ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka ʻenekini i waenakonu o ke kaʻa a hoʻokomo i ʻelua mau noho ʻaʻole wale ka uku dynamically, hāʻawi pū ia i ke kahua kūpono no ke koena ʻike, a ua hana ʻo Ferrari i kahi hana maikaʻi loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna "junior supercar" me kahi hōʻailona o ka laina. hoʻoilina a me ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kona hiki.

Hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻāʻī ʻana ma luna o kona mau ʻili ʻāwili a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia, a ʻo ke kū ʻana o ka Spider e hoʻōho i ka ikaika a me ke kumu.

I loko, ʻoiai hiki i ka mea holo kaʻa ke hauʻoli i ka holo, maʻalahi ka hoʻolālā a mahalo i ka mea e paʻa ana i ka huila. 

I kēlā hopena, ʻo ka huila hoʻokele liʻiliʻi he nui nā mana a me nā hōʻike, me kahi pihi hoʻomaka ʻulaʻula loa, "Manettino" drive mode dial, nā pihi hōʻailona, ​​​​nā kukui, nā wipers, a me "alanui bumpy". ma hope aku), a me nā kukui ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo wikiwiki loa ma ka piko o ka rim.

ʻO ka huila hoʻokele, ka pahu, nā puka a me ka ʻoluʻolu (koho) ua waiwai i ke kalapona, me nā pihi Auto, Reverse a Launch Control i kēia manawa i loko o kahi hale arched kupaianaha ma waena o nā noho.

Hoʻomalu ʻia ka pahu mea kani paʻa e ka tachometer kikowaena me kahi kikohoʻe wikiwiki i loko. Aia nā pale no ka heluhelu ʻana i ka ʻike ma luna o ka papa e pili ana i ka leo, hoʻokele, hoʻonohonoho kaʻa a me nā hana ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO nā noho he grippy, māmā, hana lima lima, a ʻo ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa i loko o ka cockpit he hui kupaianaha o ka hana ʻoluʻolu a me ka kali ʻana no kahi hanana kūikawā.

Pehea ka pono o ka lumi o loko? 8/10


No laila pehea ʻoe e hoʻokokoke ai i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa i loko o kahi kaʻa i maopopo ʻole i pili i ka manaʻo?

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻōlelo ʻana aia kahi noʻonoʻo haʻahaʻa e pili ana i ka waiho ʻana o loko me kahi pahu lima liʻiliʻi, nā ʻeke puka liʻiliʻi a me nā kīʻaha piccolo-nui i ka console. Aia ma kahi o ka bulkhead ma hope o nā noho he mesh a me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi no nā mea liʻiliʻi. 

Akā ʻo ka hoʻōla he pahu ʻāpana ʻāpana nui i ke kakaka, e hāʻawi ana i 230 lita o ka wahi ukana maʻalahi.

ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i kūpono i ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana ʻo ka hardtop hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia, ka mea e wehe maʻalahi/pili i loko o 14 kekona wale nō a holo i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 40 km/h.

Hōʻike ia i ka waiwai maikaʻi no ke kālā? He aha kāna mau hana? 9/10


E hoʻopau kākou i ka helu nui. Ua kūʻai ʻia ka Ferrari 488 Spider ma $526,888 ma mua o nā lilo huakaʻi.

Aia kēia helu koʻikoʻi i ka E-Diff3 electronically controlled differential, F1-Trac traction control, ASR and CST, ABS, anti-theft system, carbon-ceramic brakes, Magnaride dampers, dual-zone climate control, nā noho ʻili nani, bi-xenon nā kukui uila me nā kukui LED, nā kukui a me nā hōʻailona, ​​ka hoʻomaka kī ʻole, Harman multimedia (me kahi ʻōnaehana leo 12W JBL me 1280 mau mea leo leo), nā huila 20-inihi, ka puʻupuʻu a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mahana a… he uhi kaʻa.

Akā he wahi hoʻomaka wale nō kēia. Pono kēlā me kēia mea nona Ferrari mahalo iā ia iho e kau i kahi hōʻailona pilikino ma kā lākou mea pāʻani hou, a e hauʻoli ka lio holo.

Inā makemake ʻoe i ka waihoʻoluʻu kino e kūlike me nā maka o kāu pony polo punahele, ʻaʻohe pilikia, hana ka polokalamu Ferrari Tailor-Made i nā mea āpau. Akā ʻo ka papa inoa o nā koho maʻamau (inā kūpono ia) hāʻawi i nā koho ʻoi aku ka nui e hana i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻohiwahiwa ʻehā huila i ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa.

Loaʻa i kā mākou kaʻa hoʻāʻo ʻeono mau mea hou mai ka Mazda3 hou. Aia ma lalo o $130, ʻoi aku ma mua o $25 no ke kalapona kalapona, $22 no ka hopena iridescent Blue Corsa kūikawā ʻelua ʻāpana pena, ʻoi aku ma mua o $10 no nā huila i pena ʻia i ka chrome, a me $6790 no nā kālā ʻAmelika no Apple. CarPlay (maʻamau ma ka Hyundai Accent).

Akā, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana ka loiloi hope ma aneʻi. ʻOiai e ʻike paha kekahi i $3000 no lio holo ʻO nā pale ma nā pale mua he ʻano pipiʻi, no ka mea haʻaheo nona ka Ferrari he mau hōʻailona hanohano. Ma kahi kaʻa kaʻa o ka hui yacht, e hōʻike ana i kāu loaʻa hou loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke kākau i kahi kaena ʻoluʻolu: "Ua pololei. ʻElua ʻāpana. No nā moena wale nō!

He aha nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka mīkini a me ka hoʻoili? 10/10


Hoʻohana ʻia ka 488 Spider e kahi ʻenekini V3.9 māhoe-turbocharged 8-lita me ka metala a pau me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka manawa valve a me ka lubrication sump maloʻo. ʻO ka mana i koi ʻia ʻo 492kW ma 80000rpm a me 760Nm ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa 3000rpm. ʻO ka hoʻoili ʻana he ʻehiku-wikiwiki "F1" ʻelua-clutch e hoʻokele wale i nā huila hope.




Ehia ka nui o ka wahie e pau ai? 8/10


Wahi a Ferrari, e pau ana ka 488 GTS i ka 11.4 l/100 km ma ka pōʻaiapili hui (ADR 81/02 - urban, extra-urban) oiai e hoopuka ana i 260 g/km o CO2. ʻAʻole maikaʻi no kēlā ʻenekini monumental. Pono ʻoe i 78 lita o ka ʻaila ʻaila unleaded premium e hoʻopiha i ka pahu.

Pehea ke ano o ke kalaiwa? 10/10


Ua loaʻa iā mākou ka manawa kakaikahi e holo ai i ka 488 Spider ma nā alanui a me nā alahele, a hāʻawi mai ʻo Ferrari Australasia iā mākou i nā kī o kahi kaʻa kuaʻāina mai Sydney a hiki i Bathurst, a laila hoʻomaha mākou i kekahi manawa ma nā alanui a puni ke kūlanakauhale, a laila. ua hana i ka moʻo o nā pōʻai wela palena ʻole. ke kaapuni mauna Panorama ma mua o nā hola 12 o kēia makahiki (i lanakila ʻo Scuderia me ka 488 GT3).

Ma ke ala kaʻa ma 110 km/h me ka hāmama o ka hale, ʻo ka 488 Spider ke ʻano maʻamau a me ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻōlelo ʻo Ferrari ʻaʻole pilikia ke kamaʻilio maʻamau i ka wikiwiki ma luna o 200 km / h. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe (ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia) ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka puka makani ʻaoʻao a me ka puka makani hope liʻiliʻi i luna e mālama i ka haunaele i ka liʻiliʻi. Me ka luna i luna, ʻo ka 488 Spider ka mālie a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e like me ka GTB paʻa-luna.

ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka uwē o ka fortissimo 458 Italia atmo V8 ʻo ia kekahi o nā symphonies mechanical nui loa ma ka honua.

ʻOiai me ka Manettino multi-mode engine ma ke ʻano "Sport" maʻamau a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka lua-clutch ʻehiku-wikiwiki "F1" ma ke ʻano ʻakomi, ʻo ia wale nō ka wili liʻiliʻi o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae ʻākau e hoʻopau i nā mea hoʻohana alanui me ka noʻonoʻo. ma ke ala. ka holomua o ka 488th.

Ma nā alanui mālie, hāmama, a wiliwili ma waho o Bathurst, ua hoʻohuli paha mākou i ka hoʻololi i Race, hoʻololi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka manual, a hoʻopololei i ka 488 Spider. Ma kekahi o na kihi poepoe o ka mauna Panorama, hiki ia makou ke hoao i ka manao o Einstein e pili ana i ka lole o ka lewa a me ka manawa. I ka pōkole, ua hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka manaʻo maikaʻi no nā mana ikaika o ke kaʻa, a he mea nui lākou.

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka 458, piʻi ka mana i ka palaualelo 17% (492 vs. 418kW), aʻo ka turbo torque ke piʻi nei i kahi staggering 41% (760 vs. 540Nm) a ʻo ke kaumaha curb ke emi iho 10kg (1525 vs. 1535kg).

ʻO ka hopena he 0-100 km/h i 3.0 kekona (-0.4 kekona), 0-400 m i 10.5 (-0.9 kekona) a me ka māmā kiʻekiʻe o 325 km/h (+5 km/h).

Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike he kī nui ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wahie a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka huli ʻana o Ferrari i ka turbo, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia e ka hoʻopiʻi hui ʻia o 11.4L/100km (hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 11.8 no ka 458).

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu piha ʻana i kēia kaʻa ua like ia me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka fuse ma luna o kahi rocket Atlas: ʻo ka ʻūhā pau ʻole o ka pahu e kaomi i kou kua i ka noho, a ʻo kēlā me kēia kaomi ʻana o ka hoe hoʻoneʻe kalapona i kau ʻia i luna e hōʻoia i ka holo mālie a kokoke koke. . hoʻololi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ferrari ʻo ka 488 ʻehiku-wikiwiki hoʻololi i ka 30% wikiwiki a me ka downshifts 40% wikiwiki ma mua o ka 458.

ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka māhoe turbo o ka torque peaks ma 3000 rpm wale nō, a aia ʻoe ma laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papaʻaina ma mua o ka piko, me ka loaʻa ʻana o 700 Nm ma kahi o 7000 rpm.

Piʻi ka mana kiʻekiʻe ma ka 8000 rpm (kokoke loa i ke kaupaku 8 rpm o V8200), a ʻo ka hoʻouna ʻana i kēlā ʻano ikaika a me ka laina. No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pane throttle, loaʻa i nā turbines paʻa nā kumu pōpō hali (e kūʻē i nā bearings maʻamau maʻamau) a me nā huila compressor i hana ʻia mai TiAl, kahi huila titanium-aluminum haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka turbo lag i ka huaʻōlelo 488.

Pehea ke kani? Ma ke ala i ka 9000 rpm, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka uwē o ka fortissimo 458 Italia atmo V8 kekahi o nā symphonies mechanical nui loa ma ka honua.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hoʻohana nā ʻenekini hoʻopau o Maranello i nā makahiki i ka hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻana i ke kani kani o ka 488, e hoʻolālā ana i nā paipu o ka lōʻihi like i loko o ka manifold e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka harmonics ma mua o ke kahe ʻana o ke kinoea i ka turbine, e hoʻokokoke kokoke loa i ka uwē kiʻekiʻe o kahi aspirated kūlohelohe. Ferrari V8. 

ʻO ka mea a mākou e ʻōlelo ai he mea kupanaha ke kani o ka 488, hopu koke ia i ka nānā ʻana ma ka hoʻopili ʻana ... akā ʻaʻole ia he 458.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko ka 488 Spider ka mana ikaika e hoʻohuli i ka manawa i mua i nā pūʻali G lateral kekahi o nā leʻaleʻa nui loa o ke ola.

Ke kākoʻo nei i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i mua a me ka multi-link hope, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka lehulehu o nā hāmeʻa ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, me ka mea hoʻopunipuni E-Diff3, F1-Trac (mana paʻa), kiʻekiʻe-hana Ferrari pre-filled ABS, FrS SCM- E (magnetorheological dampers), a me SSC (anti-slip). ).

E hoʻohui i kēlā aerodynamics ikaika e hoʻohuli mālie i ke kaʻa i ʻehā huila ʻehā, me nā huila Pirelli P Zero kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka traction kupaianaha (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena mua), ke kaulike kūpono a me ka wikiwiki o ke kihi.

Ua hōʻoia ko mākou Mount Panorama Bulletin e noho kaulike ka 488 Spider ma nā kihi a me nā kihi i ka wikiwiki hoʻohenehene.

ʻO ka hahai ʻana i nā kaʻa ma luna o ka pahu i kahi laina pololei e like me ke ahi nā kukui ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka huila. Hoʻokahe ka Spider i kāna mau neʻe a pau ma luna o ka papa ma o kahi noho māmā, a ʻo ka holo wikiwiki loa i The Chase ma ka hope o ka Conrod Straight he honua ʻē aʻe. E hoʻonoho i ke kaʻa ma ka puka komo, e hehi mau i ka pedal kinoea, e lubricate i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō o ka laka hoʻokele, a lele wale ʻo ia e like me ka hovercraft kiʻekiʻe, ma ka wikiwiki o 250 km/h a ʻoi aku paha.

Eia hou, ma waho o Bathurst e hōʻoia ana i ka manaʻo maoli o ka electro-hydraulic rack a me ka hoʻokele pinion he nani, ʻoiai ua ʻike mākou i ke kolamu a me ka huila e haʻalulu ana i ko mākou mau lima ma nā alanui kuapo.

ʻO kahi hoʻonā wikiwiki i ka pilikia ke kaomi ʻana i ke pihi "bumpy road" ma ka huila. ʻIke mua ʻia ma ka 430 Scuderia (ma hope o Ferrari F1 hero Michael Schumacher i koi ʻia no kona hoʻomohala ʻana), hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻōnaehana i nā dampers mai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻo Manettino, e hāʻawi ana i ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ka ʻole o ka ʻai ʻana i ka mīkini a i ʻole ka pane hoʻouna. ʻAlohilohi.

Hāʻawi ʻia ka mana hoʻomaha e ka ʻōnaehana Brembo Extreme Design, i hōʻaiʻē ʻia mai ka LaFerrari hypercar, ʻo ia hoʻi nā rotors carbon-ceramic maʻamau (398mm mua, 360mm hope) i hoʻopili ʻia e nā calipers nui - ʻeono-piston mua a ʻehā-piston hope (ʻeleʻele kā mākou mau kaʻa. , no $2700, mahalo). Ma hope o kekahi mau kaʻa ʻana mai ka māmā hele a hiki i ka māmā hele wāwae, ua kūpaʻa lākou, holomua a maikaʻi loa.

Palapala hōʻoia a me ka helu palekana

Palapala Hoʻopaʻa Kumu

3 makahiki / palena palena ʻole


palapala hoʻokō

He aha nā lako palekana i hoʻokomo ʻia? He aha ka helu palekana? 8/10


Ma ke ʻano o ka palekana ikaika, ʻo nā mea kōkua kōkua kaʻa like ʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka ulia, a i ka hihia ʻoi loa, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻeke air ʻelua a me ka ʻaoʻao.

ʻAʻole i loiloi ʻia ka 488 Spider no ka palekana e ANCAP.

ʻEhia ke kumukūʻai o ka loaʻa ʻana? He aha ke ʻano hōʻoia i hāʻawi ʻia? 9/10


Ua uhi ʻia ka Ferrari 488 Spider e kahi palapala hōʻoia mileage ʻekolu makahiki, a ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana i kekahi Ferrari hou ma o kāna pūnaewele o nā mea kūʻai aku i ʻae ʻia ma Australia me ka mālama manuahi ma lalo o ka polokalamu Ferrari Genuine Maintenance no nā makahiki ʻehiku mua o ke ola o ke kaʻa.

ʻO 20,000 km a i ʻole 12 mahina (ʻo ka hope me ka palena ʻole o ka mileage).

Hāʻawi ʻia ka mālama maoli ʻana i ka kaʻa pākahi a hoʻonui ʻia i kekahi mea nona hope no ka manawa ʻehiku makahiki. Uhi ia i ka hana, nā ʻāpana kumu, ka aila ʻenekini a me ka wai hoʻomaha.

ʻO ka hoʻoholo

ʻO Ferrari 488 Spider he kaʻa nani. He supercar maoli kēia, wikiwiki i ka laina pololei a ma nā kihi. He mea kupanaha ia, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kikoʻī i ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ka ʻenehana loea, a me ka maikaʻi holoʻokoʻa oozes mai kēlā me kēia pore.

ʻO kēia ke kaʻa maikaʻi loa aʻu i hoʻokele ai? Kokoke, ʻaʻole naʻe. ʻAʻole ʻae paha kekahi, akā inā paha, manaʻo wau ʻo Ferrari 458 Italia, i loko o kona hanohano kiʻekiʻe i makemake maoli ʻia, ʻo ia nō ka kaʻa leʻaleʻa o nā mea āpau.

He kaʻa moeʻuhane paha kēia kaʻa ʻItalia i wehe ʻia? E haʻi mai iā mākou i kou manaʻo ma nā manaʻo ma lalo nei.

Pākuʻi i ka manaʻo hoʻopuka