He helu octane anei ka aila?
Nā mea
Fuel octane a me kona kuleana
ʻO ka helu octane kahi ana o ka hana o kahi wahie. Ua ana ʻia e pili ana i ka isooctane maʻemaʻe, i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi waiwai kūlana o 100. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka helu octane, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoemi e koi ʻia e hoʻopau i ka wahie.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo octane wale nō kahi pālākiō helu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻaila e like me kāna mau waiwai anti-knock, akā he paraffinic hydrocarbon maoli nō hoʻi. Kokoke kona kumu ia C8H18. ʻO ka octane maʻamau he wai kala ʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻaila paila ma kahi o 124,60H.
ʻO ka ʻaila maʻamau (koe ka mana o ka ʻāpana ethanol) kahi hui o kekahi mau hydrocarbons. No laila, ua helu ʻia ka helu octane e like me ka helu o nā ʻātoma octane i loko o kahi mole mole.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo anei kēia mau mea a pau i luna no ka ʻaila?
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa o kekahi mau manaʻo a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa
ʻOiai ke kumu maʻamau a me ka like ʻana o ka haku melemele, ʻokoʻa loa ka ʻaila ʻaila mai ka ʻaila mai kahi ʻano physicochemical. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa penei:
- ʻO ka ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka kokoke o ke kerosene i ka wahie diesel, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻike ʻia e ka helu cetane. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kerosene i nā ʻenekini pōʻai diesel, e hilinaʻi nei i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wahie kaomi. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia ke Kerosene i nā ʻenekini hoʻopau i loko, koe wale nā mokulele piston liʻiliʻi.
- ʻOkoʻa loa ke kiko uila o ka ʻaila ma muli o ka brand, no laila e ʻokoʻa nā kūlana no ka hoʻā ʻana i ka ʻenekini.
- Hāʻawi kekahi mau puke aʻo kahiko a me nā puke kuhikuhi i nā helu octane conditional no ka wahie diesel. ʻO ko lākou waiwai he 15…25. He mea li'ili'i kēia i ka ho'ohālikelike 'ia me ka 'aila, akā pono 'oe e no'ono'o i ka puhi 'ia o ka wahie diesel ma kekahi 'ano engine. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko Diesel, haʻahaʻa kūkeke kūkeke, a ma ka manawa like me ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe no kēlā me kēia leo.
- ʻO ka ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka ʻaila a me ka ʻaila, ʻo ia ka hui pū ʻana o ka hydrocarbon alkane linear a i ʻole lālā lālā, ʻaʻohe o ia mau mea paʻa pālua a ʻekolu paha. No kona ʻāpana, ʻo ka octane kekahi o nā hui alkane o nā hydrocarbons, a ʻo ia ka mea nui o ka ʻaila. No laila, ua hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka helu octane o ka aila ʻaila ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi hydrocarbon alkane mai kekahi.
Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka pono o ka aila ʻaila ma ke ʻano he wahie?
I kekahi hihia, ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano o ka helu octane: ʻaʻole i loaʻa no ka ʻaila. Nui nā hoʻokolohua i hana ʻia i loko o ka hale hana, ʻaʻole i nā kūlana ʻoihana, hāʻawi i kahi ʻokoʻa nui i nā hopena hope loa. Penei ka wehewehe ana. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka aila maʻemaʻe, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hapa waena ma waena o ka ʻaila a me ka ʻaila, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo naphtha a i ʻole naphtha. ʻAʻole kūpono ka naphtha maka no ka hui ʻana me ka ʻaila, no ka mea, hoʻemi ia i kona helu octane. ʻAʻole kūpono ʻo Naphtha no ka hui ʻana me ka aila no ka mea, ma waho aʻe o ka nānā ʻana i ka hana, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia i ke kiko uila. No laila, ʻo ka naphtha i ka nui o nā hihia i hoʻololi ʻia i ka mahu e hana ai i ka wahie kinoea a i ʻole ke kinoea synthesis. ʻO nā huahana o ka distillation i ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka ʻaila ʻaila he ʻano haʻihaʻi like ʻole, ʻaʻole i mau i loko o ka pūʻulu hoʻokahi o ka huahana aila.
I ka hopena, ʻike mākou ua hoʻohana ʻia ka kerosene TS-1 i wahie no nā mokulele mokulele. ʻO ka ʻenekini jet he huila kinoea kahi e hoʻomau ai ka puhi ʻana i loko o ke keʻena puhi. Hoʻokaʻawale kēia i nā ʻenekini mai nā ʻenekini diesel a i ʻole nā ʻenekini, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻāla ʻana i kahi manawa i koi ʻia i ka pōʻaiapuni thermodynamic. No ia ʻaila ʻaila, ʻoi aku ka pololei o ka helu ʻana i ka helu cetane, ʻaʻole ka helu octane.
No laila, no ka aila ʻaʻohe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike me ka helu octane o ka ʻaila.
