Nui nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui

Ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe physicists i nā ʻāpana pohihihi e pono e hoʻoili i ka ʻike ma waena o nā hanauna o nā quarks a me nā lepton a nona ke kuleana no kā lākou pilina. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka huli ʻana, akā nui nā uku no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā leptoquarks.

I ka physics hou, ma ka pae kumu, ua maheleia ka mea i elua ano o na mea liilii. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, aia nā quarks, i hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia e hana i nā protons a me nā neutrons, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka nuclei o nā mana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia nā lepton, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea ʻē aʻe a pau i loaʻa ka nui - mai nā electrons maʻamau i nā muons exotic a me nā leo, e maule, aneane undetectable neutrinos.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, noho pū kēia mau ʻāpana. Hoʻopili nui nā Quark me nā mea ʻē aʻe quark, a me nā lepton me nā lepton ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, manaʻo ka poʻe physicists he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana ma mua o nā lālā o nā ʻohana i ʻōlelo ʻia. Nui aʻe.

Ua kapa ʻia kekahi o kēia mau papa hou i manaʻo ʻia leptovarki. ʻAʻohe mea i loaʻa i nā hōʻike pololei o ko lākou ola ʻana, akā ke ʻike nei nā mea noiʻi i kekahi mau hōʻailona hiki ke hiki. Inā hiki ke hōʻoia ʻia kēia, e hoʻopiha nā leptoquarks i ke āpau ma waena o nā leptons a me nā quark ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻano ʻāpana ʻelua. I Kepakemapa 2019, ma ka ʻepekema reprint server ar xiv, nā mea hoʻokolohua e hana ana ma ka Large Hadron Collider (LHC) i hoʻopuka i nā hopena o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e manaʻo ana e hōʻoia a hoʻoholo paha i ka noho ʻana o nā leptoquarks.

Ua haʻi ʻia kēia e ka LHC physicist Roman Kogler.

He aha kēia mau anomali? ʻO nā hoʻokolohua mua ma ka LHC, ma Fermilab, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i hāʻawi mai i nā hopena ʻē aʻe - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hanana hana ʻāpana ma mua o ka wānana physics. Hiki i nā Leptoquarks ke pohō i loko o nā pūnāwai o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma hope koke o ko lākou hoʻokumu ʻana e wehewehe i kēia mau hanana hou. Ua kāpae ka hana a ka poʻe physicists i ka noho ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano leptoquarks, e kuhikuhi ana ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana "waena" e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā lepton i kekahi mau pae ikehu. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he mau ākea ākea o ka ikehu e komo.

Nā ʻĀpana Kūwaena

ʻO Yi-Ming Zhong, he physicist ma ke Kulanui o Boston a me ka mea kākau kumu o kahi pepa theoretical ʻOkakopa 2017 e pili ana i ke kumuhana, i paʻi ʻia ma ka Journal of High Energy Physics e like me "The Leptoquark Hunter's Guide," i ʻōlelo ʻia ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā leptoquarks he hoihoi loa. , ua ʻae ʻia i kēia manawa haiki loa ka hihio o ka particle.

Hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe physicists i nā ʻāpana mea ʻaʻole wale i nā lepton a me nā quark, akā i nā ʻāpana a lākou i kapa ai he "hanauna." ʻO nā quark i luna a i lalo, a me ka electron a me electron neutrino, ʻo ia nā "hanauna mua" quarks a me nā lepton. Aia ka lua o ka hanauna i nā quark nani a ʻano ʻē, a me nā muons a me nā neutrino muon. A ʻo nā quark kiʻekiʻe a nani hoʻi, ʻo ka tau a me ka taon neutrino ke kolu o ka hanauna. ʻOi aku ka māmā a ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā ʻāpana o ka hanauna mua, ʻoiai ʻo ka lua a me ke kolu o ka hanauna e piʻi nui ana a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke ola.

Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻepekema i paʻi ʻia e nā ʻepekema ma ka LHC e mālama nā leptoquarks i nā lula o ka hanauna e hoʻokele ana i nā ʻāpana i ʻike ʻia. Hiki i nā leptoquark o nā hanauna ʻekolu ke hui pū me ka makahiki a me kahi quark nani. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka lua o ka hanauna me ka muon a me ka quark malihini. Etc.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ʻo Zhong, i ka hālāwai ninaninau me ka lawelawe ʻo "Live Science", i ʻōlelo ʻia e ʻimi ka ʻimi i ko lākou ola. "Nā leptoquark multigenerational", e hele ana mai ka hanauna mua a hiki i ke kolu o ka hanauna quark. Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia ua mākaukau nā ʻepekema e ʻimi i kēia hiki.

E nīnau paha kekahi no ke aha e ʻimi ai i nā leptoquarks a me ke ʻano o ia mea. Theoretically nui loa. kekahi no ka mea manaʻo hui nui ma ka physics, wanana lakou i ke ola ana o na mea liilii e hui pu me na lepton a me na quark, i kapaia he leptoquarks. No laila, ʻaʻole paha e ʻike ʻia kā lākou ʻike ʻana, akā ʻo kēia ke ala i ka Grail Hemolele o ka ʻepekema.