He hopena hoʻohiwahiwa i kahi koa kaulana

He hopena hoʻohiwahiwa i kahi koa kaulana

Ma ke kakahiaka o ka la 18 o Feberuari 1944, ua loaa i na Kelemania ko lakou lanakila nui hope loa ma ke kaua ana ma ke Kaiwaenahonua me ka Royal Navy i ka wa i hoopoho ai ka submarine U 35 ia HMS Penelope 410 nautical mile mai Naples me ka hoouka kaua torpedo. He pohō ʻole kēia no ka Royal Navy, ʻoiai ʻo ka moku holo moku i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he pūʻulu hanohano i loaʻa i ka kaulana ma mua o kona komo ʻana i nā hoʻolaha lehulehu, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ua lanakila mua ka poʻe o Penelope i nā hana hoʻoweliweli a me nā kaua me ka ʻenemi. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka moku Pelekāne e nā luina Polani no ka mea, ua komo pū kekahi mau mea luku a me nā submarine WWII i kekahi mau hana kaua a i ʻole i ka pale pololei ʻana iā Malta.

Hanau moku

Ua hoʻomaka ka moʻolelo o kēia moku Pelekane koʻikoʻi ma ka hale moku ʻo Harland & Wolff ma Belfast (Ilelani ʻĀkau), i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai ke kile no kāna hana ʻana ma Mei 30, 1934. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hull o Penelope ma ʻOkakopa 15, 1935, a ua komo ʻo ia i ka lawelawe ma Nowemapa 13. , 1936. ʻO ka hana me nā ʻauwaʻa ʻauwaʻa Royal Navy, loaʻa iā ia ka helu 97.

ʻO ka moku holo māmā HMS Penelope ke kolu o ka moku kaua Arethusa i kūkulu ʻia. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi helu ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia mau ʻāpana (ma ka liʻiliʻi he 5), akā ua haʻalele ʻia kēia no ka ʻoi aku o ka ikaika a me ka nui o nā moku holo moku ʻo Southampton, i kūkulu ʻia ma hope e like me ka "pane" Pelekane i ka poʻe i kūkulu ʻia i nā mea kaua nui. (me nā pū 15 ma luna o ʻeono iniha wale nō) nā moku holo moku Mogami. ʻO ka hopena, he 4 wale nō mau moku holo moku Pelekāne liʻiliʻi a lanakila (i kapa ʻia ʻo Arethusa, Galatea, Penelope a me Aurora).

ʻO nā moku holo māmā ʻo Arethusa-class i kūkulu ʻia ma 1932 (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā moku holo māmā Leander-class i kūkulu ʻia me ka neʻe ʻana o kahi 7000 tons a me nā mea kaua kaumaha ma ke ʻano o 8 152-mm pū) e hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i kahi helu nā hana nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou e pani i ke Kaua Honua I W a me D-class light cruisers. He 4000-5000 ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea hope. ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma mua o nā Royal Cruisers nui. ʻO nā'auwaʻa, i nā hana a nā hui'auwaʻa nui, pono e hakakā i nā mea lukuʻenemi, a ma ka manawa hoʻokahi e alakaʻi i kāna mau pūʻulu luku i ka wā o ka hakakā kaua. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou no nā mikiona ʻike e like me nā moku holo moana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a no laila ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e ʻike ʻia e nā moku ʻenemi.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana hou ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua manaʻolana ka poʻe Pelekania i ka wā e kū mai ai ke kaua me ka Third Reich i kēia mua aku, e hoʻohana hou ana nā Kelemania i nā moku holo moku i uhi ʻia i ke kaua ma ka moana. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā moku ʻo Arethusa i kūpono loa e kūʻē i nā moku holo moku kōkua ʻenemi, nā kukini pale a me nā moku hoʻolako. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea kaua nui o kēia mau pūʻali Pelekania, 6 152 mm mau pū, me he mea lā ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ko nā moku holo moku Kelemania (a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia lākou me ka helu like o nā pū ʻeono iniha), nā pū kaumaha loa ma ka ʻahu. mau moku, a ma kekahi aoao, he 4 pu kuniahi wale no e hiki ai ke ki, a he mea hiki ia ia ke haawi aku i na Beritania i ka lanakila ma ka hiki ke hakaka me lakou. Akā, pono e hoʻomanaʻo nā luna o nā moku holo moku Pelekāne e hoʻoponopono i kēlā kaua i kēlā me kēia manawa a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me ke kōkua o kā lākou mokulele moana, e hoʻoponopono i ke ahi mai ka lewa. ʻO nā hana o nā moku holo moku Pelekāne ma ka ʻAkelanika ma kēia ʻano hiki ke hōʻike iā lākou i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, ʻoiai ua mau ka pōʻino i nā hana i hoʻolālā ʻia ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, kahi i manaʻo pinepine ʻia ai lākou no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana Royal Navy. nā hui.

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka cruiser Penelope he 5270 tons maʻamau, ka nui o 6715 tons, ka nui 154,33 x 15,56 x 5,1 m. ʻO ka neʻe ʻana he 20-150 tons ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hoʻolālā ʻia e nā papahana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā pale ea o nā moku a hoʻololi i nā pū anti-aircraft ʻehā i hoʻolālā mua ʻia. caliber 200 mm no ka pālua. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia i ka hana hou ʻana o nā moku o kēia ʻano ma ke Kai Mediterranean i ka wā o ke kaua, ʻoiai i ka wā paʻakikī loa o ke kaua (ʻo ia hoʻi i ka makahiki 102-1941) aia nā hoʻouka kaua ikaika me nā mokulele Kelemania a me Italia. . ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana papa Arethusa i loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi mokulele moana, a ʻo ka catapult i hoʻokomo ʻia he 1942 m ka lōʻihi a ʻelua mau mika ka pōkole ma mua o nā Leanders nui. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo Penelope (a me nā māhoe ʻekolu ʻē aʻe) he hoʻokahi wale nō pu me nā pū 14mm ʻelua ma ka hope, a ʻo kā lākou "kaikunāne nui" he ʻelua. Mai kahi lōʻihi (a ma kahi kihi ʻoi loa a hiki i ke kakaka), ua like ka silhouette o ka moku holo moana ʻelua me nā hui papa Leander/Perth, ʻoiai ʻo ka hull o Penelope he 152 m ka pōkole ma mua o lākou.

ʻO ka mea kaua nui o ka moku holo moku he ʻeono mau pū Mk XXIII 6-mm (i loko o ʻekolu mau māhoe Mk XXI turrets). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lele ʻana o nā pū o kēia mau pū he 152-23 m, ʻo ka kihi kiʻekiʻe o ka barela he 300°, ʻo ke kaumaha o ka pūpū he 60 kg, a ʻo ka nui o nā pu he 50,8 pōʻai no ka pū. I loko o hoʻokahi minuke, hiki i ka moku ke kī i 200-6 salvos mai kēia mau pū.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolako ʻia ka pūʻulu me 8 mau pū anti-aircraft 102-mm Mk XVI (ma 4 mau hoʻonohonoho Mk XIX). I ka wā mua, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kaua anti-aircraft e 8 mau pū anti-aircraft. 12,7 mm Vickers (2xIV). Ua loaʻa iā lākou ka moku holo moku a hiki i ka makahiki 1941, i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai lākou me nā pū anti-aircraft hou. E kūkākūkā ʻia ka 20mm Oerlikon ma hope.

ʻElua mau hale hoʻomalu ahi kaʻawale o ka moku; no ka pu nui a me ke ku e i ka mokulele.

Ua hoʻolako ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana me 6 mm PR Mk IV torpedo tubes no nā torpedo Mk IX (533xIII).

ʻO ka kaʻa hoʻokele wale nō ʻo Penelope i hoʻolako ʻia ʻo ia ka Fairey Seafox seaplane (ma ka catapult 14-mika i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei). Ua haʻalele ʻia ka mokulele moana i ka makahiki 1940.

e hooikaika i ka moku AA.