He aha ka naphtha a ma hea e hoʻohana ʻia ai?
Ligroin (ʻaʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo naphtha) he mea hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia o ka ʻaila ʻaila. Loaʻa iā ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻoihana he nui - ma ke ʻano he solvent a me ka wahie. Aia ʻekolu ʻano ʻo Naphtha - ka lanahu, shale, a i ʻole ka ʻaila. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano ma lalo o nā kūlana like ʻole a hoʻohana ʻia e like me kona mau waiwai kemika.
Ka haku mele a me nā ʻano
Ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā mea hydrocarbon, ka haku mele naphtha ʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, ka "kahiko" ligroin, ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻaila, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui uila, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. "Opio" ligroin ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai kū'ē, a ʻo kona kumu he hydrocarbons aromatic.
ʻO nā waiwai kino nui o ka huahana, no laila, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e ka manawa o kona hoʻokumu mua ʻana. ʻO nā mea nui loa:
- E paila ana ka wela: 90… 140ºС – no ka petroleum naphthas, a me 60…80ºС - no nā naphthas aromatic (ʻo ka hope, ma ke ala, he mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoholo iā lākou, no ka mea, ʻo nā waiwai like nā mea maʻamau no ka petroleum ethers). Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa wahi paila Ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā naphthas he ʻuhane ʻaila.
- Māmā: 750…860 kg/m3.
- Kinematic viscosity: 1,05…1,2 mm2/ s.
- ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka gelation: - 60ºС.
ʻAʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻo Naphtha i ka wai a ʻaʻole hui pū me ia. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā naphthas me nā hydrocarbons o ka paraffinic a me ka olefinic series, a me nā waikawa naphthenic, a aia ka sulfur i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea inorganic.
Hoʻohana ʻia i hea?
He mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka naphtha no kēia mau kumu:
- He wahie no na enekini diesel.
- Mea hoʻoheheʻe.
- Kūwaena ma ka ʻoihana petrochemical.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Naphtha ma ke ʻano he wahie no ka mea hiki ke puhi ʻia ka huahana a ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka nui o ka ikehu wela ma ka hoʻā ʻana. ʻO ka waiwai calorific o ka naphtha hiki i 3,14 MJ / l. Ma muli o ka pau ʻana o ka naphtha ʻaʻohe soot, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka huahana i nā mea hoʻomehana home a me nā mākaʻikaʻi, nā kukui a me nā kukui. Ma ke ʻano he wahie, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka naphtha, no ka nui o kona ʻona; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hōʻailona o ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he additive.
Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana no ka hana ʻana i nā plastik maʻamau e like me ka polypropylene a me ka polyethylene i ka naphtha ma ke ʻano he kumu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kāna mau mea i ka hana ʻana i ka butane a me ka ʻaila. ʻO Naphtha i loko o kēia mau ʻenehana pili i nā kaʻina hana o ka haki ʻana i ka mahu.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka Naphtha ma ke ʻano he solvent i nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe like ʻole, kahi e pono ai kona wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ke ʻano he mea lahilahi no nā pena, nā varnish a me ka asphalt. ʻO nā mea i kaulana loa mai kēia pūʻulu he solvent a me ka naphthalene. Ma muli o kona ʻawaʻawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka naphtha no ka hana home, akā i nā ʻoihana (no ka laʻana, nā lole hoʻomaʻemaʻe maloʻo).
ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa o Naphtha
ʻO ka palekana i ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana i ka huahana aila i manaʻo ʻia e kaupalena ʻia e nā kūlana aʻe:
- ʻO ka huhū kiʻekiʻe ke ʻike ʻia i ka ʻili a me ka cornea o ka maka kanaka. Ke pili me ka naphtha, pehu ka ʻili me ka ʻeha. Manaʻo ʻia e holoi i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ka wai mahana i ka wā hiki.
- ʻO ka nausea a me ka pōʻino i ka māmā i ka wā e ʻai ai i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka mea. Pono kēia i ka haukapila wikiwiki, inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka hanu hanu, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make.
- ʻAno ʻala ikaika (ʻoi loa no nā naphthas ʻala "'ōpiopio"). Hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka hanu a me ka noʻonoʻo no ka hoʻolāʻihi ʻana i nā mahu. Aia kekahi ʻike e pili ana i ka carcinogenicity o ka mea.
No ka mea, he mea make ka kemika, pāpā loa ia e hoʻokahe i kona koena i loko o nā pahu i mālama ʻole ʻia (a ʻoi aku hoʻi, i loko o nā ipu hāmama). Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ka ligroin hiki ke hoʻopau i ke ahi.
