He aha ka van
Nā mea
I ka 1896, ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau paionia o ka ʻoihana kaʻa i kahi mokuna koʻikoʻi i ka moʻolelo o ka lawe ʻana i ke ala. I kēia makahiki, ua lawe ʻia ka wana kaʻa mua o ka honua mai Daimler, Motoren-Gesellschaft, i kahi mea kūʻai aku ma Ladana.
Hōʻike kēia kaʻa i kahi ʻenekini ʻelua-ʻenekini Phoenix i hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki o 7 mile i kēlā me kēia hola a he 1500 kg ka uku. Nui nā nīnau e pili ana inā he kalaka paha ke kaʻa a i ʻole kahi kaʻa, akā i nā kūlana o kēia lā ʻo kēia ka hiki ke hāpai i kahi van.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hana ʻo Karl Benz i kahi kaʻa e like me ke van i kūkulu ʻia ma luna o ke kaʻa o ke kaʻa kaʻa o kāna hoʻolālā ponoʻī. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e lawe i nā waiwai i kahi hale kūʻai nui ma Palisa.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia wale nō i nā makahiki 1950 a me 60 mau makahiki i hoʻomaka nā mea hana nui e hoʻolālā, hoʻomohala a hana i nā hiʻohiʻona van a mākou e ʻike nei i kēia lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e hana nei.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo Volkswagen ʻAno 2 (T1), i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i 1950, ʻo ia ka hanauna mua o nā VW Transporter vans. Ke hana mau nei kēia kaʻa kaʻa i kēia lā a ua hōʻea i kēia manawa i kāna hana T6.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka Ford mua i hoʻokomo i ka hōʻailona kaulana "Transit" he kaʻa i kūkulu ʻia ma ka hale hana ʻo Cologne i ka makahiki 1953. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha nui ʻia kēia kaʻa a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka inoa "Mark 1" i ka British Ford Transit van i hana ʻia ma waena o 1965 a me 1978.
ʻO ka van ka ʻano kaʻa maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai a i ʻole nā kānaka. He ʻaneʻane cubic kona ʻano, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā kaʻa akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kaʻa. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā pale ukana ma hope o nā noho mua o nā kaʻa he nui i mea e pale ai i ka pōʻino ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kaʻa a i ʻole ke kaʻe ʻana o ka ukana. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā puka me nā pale ukana e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻokele ke hele i loko o ka wahi ukana o ke kaʻa. Ua kūʻē ka huaʻōlelo van no nā kaʻa i ka huaʻōlelo caravan. Wahi a ka wehewehe mua o ke kaʻa, he kaʻa uhi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka lawe ʻana i nā ukana.
ʻAʻole kēia mau kaʻa i ka wā kahiko. Eia nō naʻe, makemake nui ka poʻe e kūʻai i nā kaʻa no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i ka nui o nā wahi, hoʻoluʻolu i ka huakaʻi a he ala palekana palekana. He kaʻa nui kēia no nā ʻohana nui. Ma muli o nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku, nui nā kaʻa i loaʻa ma ka mākeke: ka van piha piha, ka mea hele, ka minibus a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mau kaʻa kaʻa kaulana e ʻike ʻia ma nā alanui i kēia manawa ʻo Nissan Quest LE, Toyota Sienna XLE, Subaru 360 van.
Van: nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona
Inā ʻaʻole mākaukau loa ke kanaka i nā kaʻa, akā makemake e hoʻomaopopo i kahi van kokoke iā ia a i ʻole kahi kaʻa maʻamau, ua lawa ia e hoʻomaopopo ai i ke ʻano o ka hoʻolālā a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano kaʻa.
ʻO ke kaʻa
Inā he kaʻa maʻamau kāu kaʻa ʻohana, kaʻa kaʻa, a i ʻole hatchback, a laila he kaʻa kaʻa.
Ua hoʻopaʻa a paʻa paha nā kaʻa i nā noho puna, nā puka aniani a me nā puka ohua, a me ka paina kīpuka e piʻi aʻe mai lalo a luna.
Van
Kuhi ʻia kahi kaʻa he van inā he hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha o kēia mau hana.
1. Ma mua o ʻewalu mau wahi
2. ʻelua-ʻāpana pailaka (kahi kaʻawale no nā mea hoʻokele a me nā mea kaʻa mai ka hope o ke kaʻa)
3. ʻO ka ʻāpana pickup i ka hope, hoʻolālā pono ʻia no ke kaʻa o nā huahana (me ka ʻole o kahi kaupaku)
4. Inā ʻaʻohe puka o ka mīkini ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao hope
5. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki i ka halihali kaʻa ma mua o 1000 kg
6. Inā he mea kalepa a kūloko kāna kumu kumu
Hōʻuluʻulu
Ke kaulana a kaulana nei ʻo Vans i kēia ao. Eia kekahi, koi lākou i waena o ka poʻe e noho mamao mai ke kūlanakauhale e kūʻai i kahi nui o nā waiwai no kā lākou pono ponoʻī, a mai nā mea kālepa paha e kōkua i ka lawe ʻana i nā waiwai. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Van i kekahi mau ʻano maʻamau:
Nā kaʻa lawe lawe
ʻO ia mau kaʻa i kūkulu ʻia i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o nā kaʻa kaʻa o ke ʻano "kaʻa wagon". Kūlike lākou i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia o kahi pahu kūikawā ma luna o ia mīkini, aia ma hope o ke kaʻa kalaiwa.
Nā kaʻa hoʻoheheʻe hao āpau
I kēia hoʻolālā, ʻaʻole kahi o ka mea kalaiwa a me ka keʻena ukana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. Hiki ke hāʻawi maʻalahi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa ukana i kēia papa.
Nā Waʻa Pahu
I kēia hihia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi o ka ukana mai ke kaʻa kalaiwa. ʻAe kēia e hoʻokomo i nā ʻano ʻano pahu i ka mīkini ma nā mōʻī i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia. ʻO ke kumu, loaʻa kēia ʻano van ma waena o nā kaʻa kalepa.
Hiki ke loli ka hana o ka van ma muli o ka hana ʻana o ke kino. E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā hoʻolālā van, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea aʻe:
Kukui uila
ʻO ka hoʻolālā o kēia ʻano van he kaha metala ikaika loa. Hoʻopili nā mea sheathing iā ia i ka huli. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i pale, galvanized kila, plywood o nā ʻano like ʻole, foam panels, etc.
Kahu ʻole
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēlā ʻano vans ma nā panewai sanweka, me ʻelua mau paia waho a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, i loko o nā papa o loko a me waho. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea āpau i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka sealing a me ka conductivity hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka van. E hoʻākoakoa i kēlā ʻano kūkulu, ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi kino.
Nāʻano
He aha nā ʻano o nā kaʻa i loaʻa?
E nānā i kekahi o nā ʻano kaulana a me nā kikoʻī o nā wana, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka nui a me ke ʻano.
Nā wana liʻiliʻi
ʻO ka nui ka mea koʻikoʻi no kahi van, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noʻonoʻo ma mua o ke ʻano o ka van. ʻO nā wana liʻiliʻi e like me ka Citroen Berlingo he wahi huila pōkole a ʻoi aku ka maneuverability, akā akāka e hāʻawi i ka uku liʻiliʻi.
Nā waʻa kaulua
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ke āpau ma waena o nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā kaʻa nui, hāʻawi nā wana midsize i kahi nui o kahi e waiho ai a me kahi huakaʻi ʻoluʻolu ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ia mai kahi kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau. ʻO nā wana Camper a me nā wana waena e like me ka Ford Transit Custom i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau wana waena.
Nā kaʻa nui
Ke hāʻawi nei i ka uku nui loa, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā kaʻa nui a hāʻawi i nā kalaiwa e hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi ākea ma waena o nā koʻi. ʻO nā wana nui e like me nā waʻa ʻo Luton / pahu, ʻo Mercedes-Benz Sprinter nā wana nui loa.
Lawe / 4 × 4
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia nā pickup ma ke ʻano he keʻena ukana hamama i hope o ke kaʻe, e like me Mitsubishi L200. ʻIke pū ʻia hoʻi me he kalaka lā, hele pinepine kēia ʻano van i loko o ʻelua a ʻehā mau kaʻa huila paha a makemake ʻia e ka poʻe i maʻa mau i ke kūʻai hele hoʻokahi.
Nā wana Combi
Hiki ke lawe ʻoluʻolu i ka poʻe a me / a i ʻole nā ukana, nui nā combo a i ʻole nā kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻokomo i nā noho pelu e hoʻonui hou i ka wahi ukana. ʻO nā laʻana o nā wana hui pū me ka Renault Trafic.
Minibus
Maikaʻi loa no nā ʻohana nui, nā minibus a me nā kaʻa multipurpose a hiki i ʻehiku mau noho kaʻahele, ʻelua o lākou e hiki ke pelu pā i ka papahele. Pono kēia ʻano van e hōʻoluʻolu a ākea hoʻi, e like me ka Volkswagen Caravelle e hana ai.
Lilo / pahu van
Aia i loko o kēia ʻano kaʻa kaʻa kahi kino paʻa - kahi ʻāpana ukana kiʻekiʻe - me kahi kaʻa kaʻawale a ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka van panel. ʻO kahi laʻana o ka Luton van ʻo ia ka Peugeot Boxer. He mea punahele kēia ʻano kaʻa me nā ʻelele a me nā mea hoʻokele lawe, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano huinahā e maʻalahi ai ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pūʻolo nui a i ʻole nā ukana nui. ʻO kēia mau kaʻa kaʻa maʻamau wale nō ke loaʻa mai nā puka hope a loaʻa pinepine nā mea hāpai i mea e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka honua.
Wahi kalaka / pahu hāʻule
ʻO ka ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kaʻa hoʻolei a i ʻole nā vans dropside he subtype o kahi kaʻa pickup, akā me kahi paepae e piʻi ana ma mua e "tip" i nā mea ma hope. ʻAe kekahi mau kaʻa hoʻolei iā ʻoe e hili ma kēlā ʻaoʻao kēia ʻaoʻao, a ma hope hoʻi, e like me ka Ford Transit Dropside.
Nā nīnau a me nā pane:
He aha ke ʻano o nā kaʻa ukana ma laila? Aia nā kaʻa me ka awning, refrigerators, isothermal, "butterflies" (e piʻi aʻe nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻouka / wehe ʻana i ka van).
He aha nā ʻano kaʻa i laila? ʻO ke ʻano o ka van e pili ana i kāna kumu. Aia ka berena, isothermal, "sandwiches", nā mea i hana ʻia, nā pahu hau, ka pale, nā kaʻa (nā kaʻa i hoʻololi ʻia), nā metala āpau, nā pahu (ma ke kaʻa kaʻa).
He aha ka halihali ukana? ʻO kēia nā kaʻa he ʻokoʻa kaʻa kaʻa, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻa ma mua o 6 mika. Aia pū kēia māhele i nā kaʻa ma luna o 14 mika.
