He aha ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila?

Nā kūlana i hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka nui o ka ʻaila

ʻAʻohe pilina pololei ma waena o ka maikaʻi o ka ʻaila (e pili pū ana kēia i ka nui o ka wahie diesel a i ʻole ka nui o ka kerosene), no ka mea, pono e hana ʻia nā ana āpau ma kahi mahana. Hoʻonohonoho ka GOST R 32513-2013 i kēia manawa i ka mahana ma 15ºС, aʻo ka maʻamau mua - GOST 305-82 - i manaʻo ʻia he 20ºС kēia mahana. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻaila, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui e nīnau i ke ʻano o ka maʻamau i hoʻoholo ʻia e like me. ʻO nā hopena, e like me nā hydrocarbons a pau, e ʻokoʻa loa. Ua like ka gravity kūikawā o ka ʻaila me ka waiwai o kona density, ke ana ʻia ka hope ma kg / l.

ʻO ka nui o ka ʻaila ma kg/m³ lawelawe pinepine ma ke ano he kuia ma ka pilina ma waena o ka mea hana a me ka wholesale consumer o ka wahie. ʻO ka pilikia me ka emi ʻana o ka density, e emi ana ka nui o ka ʻaila i loko o ka pūʻulu, ʻoiai e mau ana kona leo ma ka pae like. Hiki i ka ʻokoʻa ke hiki i nā haneli a me nā tausani o nā lita, akā i ke kūʻai ʻana i ka ʻaila ma nā hale kūʻai, ʻaʻole ia he mea koʻikoʻi.

Ma ka paʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i ke ʻano o ka aila i hana ʻia ai ka ʻaila. No nā aila kaumaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka sulfur, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ʻaila hinu e ka hui ʻana o ka aila kumu, hoʻohana wale ʻia ka ʻenehana distillation kūpono.

Pehea e ana ʻia ai ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila?

ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻaila he hui wai o nā hydrocarbons i loaʻa ma muli o ka distillation fractional o ka aila. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau hydrocarbons i loko o nā pūhui ʻala, nona nā apo o nā ʻātoma kalapona, a me nā pūhui aliphatic, aia wale nō nā kaulahao kalapona pololei. No laila, ʻo ka ʻaila he papa o nā pūhui, ʻaʻole ia he huikau kikoʻī, no laila hiki ke ʻano like ʻole kona ʻano.

ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e hoʻoholo ai i ka density ma ka home penei:

1. Koho ʻia kēlā me kēia pahu puka puka a kaupaona ʻia.
2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hopena.
3. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka pahu me 100 ml o ka ʻaila a kaupaona pū ʻia.
4. Wehe ʻia ke kaumaha o ka pahu hakahaka mai ke kaumaha o ka pahu piha.
5. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hopena e ka nui o ka ʻaila i loko o ka pahu. ʻO kēia ka nui o ka wahie.

Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hydrometer, hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i ke ana ma kahi ala ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hydrometer kahi mea hana e hoʻokō i ke kumu Archimedes no ke ana ʻana i ka ʻumekaumaha kikoʻī. Ua ʻōlelo kēia kumumanaʻo, ʻo kahi mea e lana ana i loko o ka wai e hoʻoneʻe i ka nui o ka wai e like me ke kaumaha o ka mea. E like me nā hōʻailona o ka pālākiō hydrometer, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻāpana e pono ai.

Penei ke ana ana.

1. E hoʻopiha i kahi pahu aniani a kau pono i ka hydrometer i loko o ka ʻaila.
2. E hoʻohuli i ka hydrometer e kipaku aku i nā ʻōhū ea a ʻae i ka mea kani e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻili o ka ʻaila. He mea nui ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻōhū ea no ka mea e hoʻonui lākou i ka buoyancy o ka hydrometer.
3. E hoʻonoho i ka hydrometer i hiki i ka ʻili o ka ʻaila i ka ʻili o ka maka.
4. E kākau i lalo i ka waiwai o ka unahi e pili ana i ka pae ili o ka ʻaila. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mahana i hana ʻia ai ke ana.

ʻO ka maʻamau ka nui o ka petrola ma ka laulā o 700 ... 780 kg / m³, ma muli o kona haku mele 'ana. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka mānoanoa o nā pūhui ʻala ma mua o nā pūhui aliphatic, no laila e hōʻike ana ka waiwai i ana ʻia i ka ʻāpana pili o kēia mau pūhui i ka ʻaila.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā pycnometers e hoʻoholo ai i ka nui o ka ʻaila (e ʻike iā GOST 3900-85), no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa kēia mau mea hana no nā wai liʻiliʻi a haʻahaʻa i ka paʻa o kā lākou heluhelu.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila AI-92

Hoʻokumu ka maʻamau i ka nui o AI-92 unleaded gasoline i loko o 760 ± 10 kg / m³. Pono e hana ʻia nā ana ma kahi mahana o 15^ºH.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila AI-95

ʻO ka waiwai maʻamau o ka density o AI-95 gasoline, i ana ʻia ma kahi mahana o 15^ºC, like me 750±5 kg/m³.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ʻaila AI-100

ʻO ka hōʻailona o kēia ʻaila - Lukoil Ecto 100 - hoʻonohonoho i ka hōʻailona density maʻamau, kg / m³, i loko o 725…750 (ma 15 pū kekahi^ºC).

ʻAila. ʻO kāna mau waiwai kāu kālā! Mahele ʻekahi - ʻAiʻa!