C1 Ariete hou

Loaʻa iā Ariete ka mana ahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke like me Abrams a i ʻole Leopard 2s me kahi pū 44-caliber, ʻaʻole maopopo i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ʻano o nā pu a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu ahi.

Ua komo ka C1 Ariete MBT i ka lawelawe me ka Esercito Italiano (Italian Armed Forces) i ka makahiki 1995, he hapaha o ke kenekulia aku nei. E hoʻohana nā koa Italia iā lākou no kekahi mau makahiki ʻē aʻe, no laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi papahana hoʻonaʻauao holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻokō ʻia e ka CIO consortium (Consorzio FIAT-Iveco - Oto Melara), ʻo ia hoʻi. mea hana kaʻa .

ʻAʻohe pono e hūnā ua ʻelemakule ʻo Ariete. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i ka pane ʻana i ka pono o nā pūʻali koa ʻāina o Italia no kahi pahu kaua nui hou, hoʻolālā kūʻokoʻa a hana ʻia o ka hanauna 3rd, ma lalo o nā koi i hana ʻia i ka waena o 80. I ka makahiki 70, ka pūʻali koa Italia. ua hoʻomaka e noʻonoʻo i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kaʻa haole (i lawe ʻia mai M47 a me M60, a me Lepardy 1/A1/A2 i lawe ʻia a laikini ʻia) me kahi koi kiʻekiʻe a ma ka manawa like i ka ikaika o kā lākou ʻoihana automotive, ʻaʻole pono ka hanana. Ma muli o ka ʻike i loaʻa i ka hana laikini o ka Leopard 1A2 i ka makahiki 1977, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Oto Breda a me FIAT i ka hana ma ka pahu OF-40 ("O" no Oto Breda, "F" no "FIAT", "40" no ke kaumaha i manaʻo ʻia. , i manaʻo ʻia he 40 mau tona, ʻoiai ua ʻoi aku ia). ʻO ka prototype, i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka Leopard 1 (a ʻaʻole like i ka hana), ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ma 1980 a kūʻai koke ʻia e ka United Arab Emirates. I ka makahiki 1981-1985 ua loaʻa iā lākou he 18 mau pahu i loko o ke kahua Mod. 1, like no ka mod. 2 (me nā mea nānā hou a me nā mea hoʻokele) a me ʻekolu mau kaʻa kākoʻo ʻenehana. He kūleʻa liʻiliʻi ia, 40-mm Palmaria howitzers ponoʻī, i hoʻomohala ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chassis OF-155, ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo 235 mau ʻāpana iā Libya a me Nigeria (kūʻai ʻo ʻArgentina i nā hale kiaʻi 20 hou, i kau ʻia ma ka chassis tank TAM). ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka OF-40 nā mea kūʻai hou aku, a ua hoʻopau hope ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻolālā i ka makahiki 1997 me kahi prototype Mod i hōʻano hou ʻia. 2A. Eia nō naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kahi moku hou loa - ma kekahi mau ʻano - tank ma Italia, a i ka makahiki 1982, ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā koi no ka pahu pahu Esercito Italiano.

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka tank Italia ma ke ʻano o ka neʻe. ʻO ka ʻenekini, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali ma mua o kekahi mau hoʻolālā hoʻokūkū, hoʻopau ʻia e ke kaumaha māmā.

C1 Ariete - moʻolelo, hoʻomohala a me nā pilikia

I ka hoʻomaka, ua kānalua kekahi o ka pūʻali koa Italia i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kā lākou tank ponoʻī, e hilinaʻi nui ana i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi Leopard 2 hou ma Kelemania. ʻO ka mea nui loa o ia mau mea: ka mea kaua nui ma ke ʻano o 1984-mm smoothbore pū; SKO hou; ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pale kaua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua kūikawā (ma kahi o ka pale kila i hoʻohana mua ʻia); ke kaumaha ma lalo o 120 tons; nā hiʻohiʻona traction maikaʻi; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ergonomics a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mīkini, ka mea i loaʻa i ka inoa OF-50 i kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi ʻia iā Oto Melara a me Iveco-FIAT, ka mea i hoʻokumu i kahi consortium no ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā huila hou (ma hope o Centauro) a me nā kaʻa kaua i hahai. (Dardo) no kā lākou hana ponoʻī. pūʻali koa ponoʻī. Ua kūkulu ʻia ʻelima a ʻeono paha prototypes ma waena o 45 a me 1986, like loa me ke kaʻa hana e hiki mai ana. Ua manaʻo mua ʻia ke kaʻa e komo i ka lawelawe ma 1988 a i ʻole 1990, akā ua hoʻopaneʻe ʻia nā hoʻāʻo a ua uhi ʻia kēia e nā pilikia kālā o ka Ministry of Defense Italian ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Cold. ʻO ka C1991 Ariete e hiki mai ana ("C" no "Carro armato", ʻo ia hoʻi "tank", ʻo ariete ʻo ia hoʻi "ka hipa kāne a me ka hipa kāne") i hoʻolālā mua ʻia e hana ʻia ma nā nui o 1 - lawa e pani ai ma luna o 700 M1700s a me M47s, a, ma ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o nā pahu kaʻa Leopard 60 i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1300. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻoki ʻana mai ka hopena o ke Kaua anu. ʻO kahi hapa o nā kaʻa kaʻa e hoʻololi i nā kaʻa kākoʻo huila B1 Centauro, i kūkulu ʻia e like me ka C1 Ariete a me ka Dardo tracked infantry fighting vehicle. ʻO ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 1, ua kauoha ʻo Esercito Italiano no 1995 mau pahu hana. Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā lawe ʻana i ka makahiki 200. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau kaʻa e nā regiment ʻehā, 2002 a i ʻole 41 mau pahu i kēlā me kēia (ma muli o ke kumu). ʻO kēia: 44° Reggimento carri ma Persano, 4° Reggimento carri ma Lecce, 31° Reggimento carri ma Tauriano a me 32° Reggimento carri ma Coredenone. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā lākou nā mea hana maʻamau i kēia manawa, a ua hoʻolālā ʻia e wehe ʻia. Ma ka waena o kēia ʻumi makahiki, pono he 132 mau kaʻa i ka laina. Aia paha kēia helu i nā Arietes, i noho ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Scuola di Cavalleria ma Lecce, a me nā kikowaena hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā limahana loea. Mālama ʻia ke koena.

Ua kūkulu ʻia ka pahu 54-ton Italia e like me ka hoʻolālā maʻamau, me kahi keʻena hoʻokele mua me kahi noho o ke kaʻa i hoʻololi ʻia i ka ʻākau, kahi keʻena hakakā ma ke kikowaena, uhi ʻia e ka turret (aia ka luna ma ka ʻākau o ka pū, noho ka mea pu i mua ona, a noho ka mea hooili ma ka hema o ke kulana pu) , a mahope o ke keena hoomalu. Ariete ka lōʻihi o 967 knm (hull lōʻihi 759 knm), ka laula o 361 knm a me ke kiʻekiʻe i ke kaupaku o ka hale kiaʻi 250 knm (286 knm a hiki i ka luna o ka luna o ka panoramic mea kani), he honua clearance o 44 knm. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kaʻa me kahi pū 120 mm Oto Breda smoothbore me ka lōʻihi o ka pahu he 44 caliber me 42 pōʻai o nā mea kaua (me 15 ma ka papahele o ka pahu turret) a me ʻelua mau pū mīkini 7,62 mm Beretta MG 42/59 (ua hui pū ʻia kekahi. i ka pūkuniahi, ua kau ʻia ka ʻē aʻe ma luna o kahi noho ma luna o ka turret) me kahi waihona o 2500 mau pōʻai. ʻO ka laulā o nā kihi kiʻekiʻe o ka mea kaua nui mai −9° a i 20°. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi biaxial electro-hydraulic stabilization system a me nā turret drive. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomalu ahi OG14L3 TURMS (Tank Universal Reconfigurable Modular System), i hoʻomohala ʻia e Galileo Avionica (i kēia manawa he ʻāpana o ka hopohopo Leonardo), pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i kēia manawa i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana, incl. mahalo i ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka mea nānā panoramic o ke alakaʻi me kahi laina o ka ʻike biaxially stabilized a me kahi kanal ʻike poʻo passive a i ʻole ka ʻike pū me kahi kahawai pō wela.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke kamaʻilio o waho e ʻelua SINCGARS (Single Channel Ground a me Airborne Radio System), i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka laikini e Selex (ʻo Leonardo i kēia manawa).

ʻO ka lae o ka hull a me ka turret (a e like me kekahi mau kumu, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao, ʻoiai he kānalua nui kēia) ua pale ʻia e ka pale pale, ʻo ke koena o ka mokulele o ke kaʻa e pale ʻia e ka pale kila homogeneous.

Loaʻa ka hoʻoili ʻana i kahi mīkini Iveco MTCA 12V me 937 kW / 1274 hp. a me ka hoʻouna 'akomi ZF LSG 3000, i hui pū ʻia i kahi mana. Aia i loko o ka hale ka'a he mau huila ka'a hope, 'ehiku mau huila alanui i ho'oku'u 'ia ma nā kaola torsion, a 'ehā huila e kāko'o ana i ka lālā o luna o ka enuhe (Diehl / DST 840). Ua uhi ʻia ke kaʻa ma lalo e kahi pāpaʻi composite māmā.

Hoʻokumu ka pahu i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 65 km / h ma ke ala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, lanakila i nā pilikia wai a hiki i 1,25 m hohonu (a hiki i 3 m ma hope o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana) a he 550 km ka lōʻihi.

I ka wā o ka lawelawe, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo "Ariete", me nā kūlana hakakā. i ka manawa o ka mikiona stabilization ma Iraq ma 2003-2006 (Operation Antica Babylonia). Ua loaʻa i kekahi mau kaʻa, he 30 paha, he pūʻolo PSO (Peace Support Operation) i kēlā manawa, nona nā mea kaua hou, nā ʻaoʻao hull (malia paha he mau panela NERA nā mea i hoʻokomo ʻia) a me ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka turret (he mau ʻāpana kila me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe loa) a kona mau papa (nā modules e like me nā mea i kau ʻia ma ka hull). Eia kekahi, ua loaʻa i kēia mau pahu ka lua mīkini pū ma luna o ka hale o ka hale kiaʻi, a ua hoʻolako ʻia nā kūlana kiʻi ʻelua me nā uhi. ʻO ke kaumaha o ia kaʻa pale kaua e hoʻonui i nā tons 62. Ua kūkulu pū ʻia nā pūʻolo VAR a me MPK (mine-resistant). Ma waho o Iraq, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka Esercito Italiano i ka Ariete i ke kaua.

He nui nā hemahema o ka pahu. ʻO ka mea mua, he pale kaua maikaʻi ʻole kēia - ʻo nā ʻaoʻao o nā hale kiaʻi e pale ʻia e kahi ʻāpana kila me ka mānoanoa o kahi o 80-100 mm, a me nā mea kaua kūikawā, e like me ka ʻikepili kūhelu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna mau hoʻonā (a me ka pono) nā pahu kaʻa he ʻumi makahiki, e like me ka Leopard 2A4 a i ʻole M1A1 . No laila, ʻaʻole pilikia ke komo ʻana o ia mau mea kaua i kēia lā no nā missiles anti-tank kinetic o ʻelua mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a he mea pōʻino paha nā hopena o kahi pā - ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pu mai ka poʻe holo moku, ʻoi aku ka lako kūpono. ʻO ka hopena o nā mea kaua ponoʻī e kaupalena ʻia e ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻokele ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana stabilization, kahi e hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ai i ka pololei i ke kī ʻana i nā wikiwiki ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 km / h i ka wā e holo ana ma waho o ke alanui. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia mau hemahema i ka C90 Ariete Mod. 2 (me kahi ʻenekini ʻoi aku ka ikaika, hydropneumatic suspension, mea kaua i hoʻoikaika ʻia, kahi SKO hou, kahi pūkuniahi hou me ka loader maʻalahi), akā ʻaʻole i kūkulu ʻia ke kaʻa. Ua kūkulu pū ʻia kekahi kaʻa hōʻike, e hui pū ana i ka chassis o kahi pahu Ariete me ka turret o kahi kaʻa kaua huila Centauro II (HITFACT-II). ʻO kēia manaʻo hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō i kekahi hoihoi, no laila, i ka kali ʻana i ka MBT e hiki mai ana, ua waiho ʻia ka poʻe Italia me ka hana hou o nā kaʻa i ka laina.

Hoʻokuʻi hou

Mai ka liʻiliʻi loa o 2016, ua hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻike e hiki ke hoʻoholo ke Kuhina Kūʻai o Italia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka MLU (Mid-Life Upgrade, literally mid-life upgrade) C1 Ariete tanks. ʻO ka hana noʻonoʻo a me nā kūkākūkā me ka CIO consortium ua hoʻopau hope ʻia i ʻAukake i ka makahiki i hala, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi ʻaelike me ka Ministry of Defense of the Italian Republic no ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻekolu prototypes o ka tank modernized. Pono lākou e hāʻawi ʻia e 2021, a ma hope o ka pau ʻana o kā lākou hoʻāʻo ʻana, e hoʻomaka ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o nā mīkini 125 (e like me kekahi mau hōʻike, "ma kahi o 150"). Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia ka lawe ʻana ma 2027. ʻAʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia ka nui o ka ʻaelike, akā ua manaʻo ka media Italia i ke kumukūʻai o ka hana ma 2018 ma 20 miliona euros no ʻekolu prototypes a ma kahi o 2,5 miliona euros no kēlā me kēia tank "serial". , e hāʻawi ana i ka huina kālā ma lalo o 400 miliona euros. Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻoholo ʻana ma ke ʻano o ka hana i hoʻolālā ʻia (e ʻike i lalo), ua ʻano haʻahaʻa kēia mau manaʻo.