Biodiesel. ʻO kahi hana kūpono i ka wā e hiki mai ana

He aha ka biodiesel?

ʻO ka biodiesel kahi wahie ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka kaiapuni, hiki ke hana ʻia mai ka home, nā kumu hou e like me ka soybean, rapeseed a i ʻole ka aila mea kanu, a me nā momona holoholona. ʻAʻole i loko o ka biodiesel ka aila, akā hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me kekahi momo wahie diesel. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hui ʻana o 20% biodiesel a me 80% wahie diesel ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻano hoʻonohonoho diesel āpau. ʻAʻole pono kēia mau huila haʻahaʻa i nā hoʻololi ʻenekini (koe naʻe nā kānana wahie, nā pahu wahie a me nā sila ma kekahi mau ʻenekini diesel kahiko), akā ʻo ka hui ʻana i loaʻa ka pākēneka kiʻekiʻe o nā biofuels (me ka biodiesel maʻemaʻe) e koi mua i ka hoʻololi liʻiliʻi.

He maʻalahi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka biodiesel, biodegradable, pili kaiapuni, a ʻaʻohe sulfur a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻala.

ʻO ka maʻamau ʻEulopa EN 14214 ka manaʻo o ka honua maoli no ke ʻano wahie i nīnau ʻia. Wahi a ia, ʻo ke ʻano o ka biodiesel e komo pū ana:

1. ʻO ka meaʻai (kālā, soybean, rapeseed, sunflower) a i ʻole ka aila holoholona. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻaila pāma a me ka pīni, no ka mea, ʻaʻole kūpono ka biodiesel i loaʻa mai iā lākou e like me ka wahie diesel hoʻoilo.
2. Triglycerides.
3. Monoalkyl esters a i ʻole methyl esters o nā ʻakika momona.
4. ʻO nā waiʻona (ethanol a i ʻole isopropanol; i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ma muli o kona ʻona, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka methanol).
5. ʻAʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ke ʻano o nā preservatives - tertiary butylhydroquinone, dimethylpolysiloxane a i ʻole citric acid, i loaʻa mau i nā momona holoholona. ʻAʻole pili lākou i ka maikaʻi o ka biodiesel.

ʻO ke kelehana hanahana

Hiki ke hana ʻia ka biodiesel mai nā aila mea kanu hou a i hoʻohana ʻia paha a me nā momona holoholona. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻenehana hana biodiesel. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻaila a me nā momona e wehe i ka wai a me nā mea haumia. Ma hope o ka hui ʻana o nā ʻaila a me nā momona me ka waiʻona a me ka catalyst. E wāwahi ʻia nā ʻaila hinu a lilo i methyl esters a me glycerol, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi i kekahi a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.

ʻO ka hana paʻakikī loa i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā biofuels, ʻo ia ka haki ʻana o nā molekala momona momona i hoʻopili ʻia e kahi mole glycerol. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻohana ʻia kahi catalyst (alkali), nāna e wāwahi i nā molekala glycerol a hui pū i kēlā me kēia o nā kaulahao momona momona me kahi mole waiʻona. ʻO ka hopena ka hana ʻana i nā monoalkyl a i ʻole ethyl esters, a i ʻole esters o nā ʻakika momona. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana - hoihoi - glycerol e iho i lalo a wehe ʻia.

Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka hana ʻana i ka wahie biodiesel hiki ke hoʻohana i nā meaʻai hydrocarbon i loaʻa nā momona, ʻoiai nā lubricants i hana ʻia me nā mea kanu a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kūlohelohe. Hoʻopuka ka hapa ʻē aʻe i ka biodiesel mai nā aila mea kanu wale nō. ʻO ka ʻaila Soybean ka mea nui ma kēia pūʻulu: aia ka overproduction o ia mea ma ka honua, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana i ka emi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o kēia wahie. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka biodiesel no ka lita - mai 50 a 100 rubles.

Pehea e hana ai i ka biodiesel ma ka home?

ʻO ka koho maʻalahi ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi aila meaʻai me ka diesel maʻamau, thinner a i ʻole gasoline. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hui like ʻole, mai ka 10% ka aila meaʻai a me ka 90% o nā huahana petroleum a hiki i ka diametrically opposite proportions. Pono e wela ka aila meaʻai ma mua o ka hui ʻana, a laila e emi ka viscosity, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hui ʻana.

Ma ka paʻi paʻi a ma nā pūnaewele kūikawā, hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a nā "mea hana" e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea e like me ka turpentine, naphthalene, xylene a i ʻole unleaded gasoline. ʻAʻole ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hopena o kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā ʻano puhi ahi a i ʻole ko lākou hopena lōʻihi ma ka ʻenekini.

ʻO kahi koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka biodiesel ma o nā hopena kemika e pono ai, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea nui - ʻona, alkali, glycerin - hiki ke kūʻai maʻalahi i nā hale kūʻai.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i ka biodiesel ma ka home penei:

1. E hoʻomākaukau i kahi pahu aniani me ka nui o 2 lita o ka plastic resistant chemically me kahi poʻi paʻa.
2. Lila o ka aila mea kanu hou, wela a hiki i 55⁰C, e ninini i loko o kahi pahu a hui pū me 200 ml o ka waiʻona me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi blender. Pono e hui ʻia i loko o 20 mau minuke.
3. E ninini pono i ka catalyst - potassium hydroxide (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi) a i ʻole ka sodium, i ka nui o 5 g. (no KOH) a i ole 3,5 g (no NaOH) no 1 lita. Pono ʻoe e hoʻohui i ka waiʻona a me ka catalyst me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā funnel like ʻole.
4. E pani paʻa i ka ipu a ʻōwili iā ia ma kahi mokulele ākea 5-6 mau manawa e wikiwiki i ke kaʻina hana. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka alkali mai 15 mau minuke (no KOH) a i 8 mau hola (no NaOH).
5. Ma hope o ka hopena o ka hopena, pono ʻoe e kali i kahi 12-20 mau hola a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka sediment ma lalo o ka pahu. Pono e wehe pono ia.

Moʻa i loko o ka aila hou biodiesel he māmā melemele kala. ʻAʻole pili ka nui o ka turbidity i ka maikaʻi o ka wahie.

ʻO Biodiesel