Ua like ka 1 horsepower me - kW, watt, kg
Inā ʻoe e lawe i kekahi encyclopedia a nānā i loko o ia mea i ka horsepower, a laila e heluhelu mākou ʻo ia kahi ʻōnaehana o waho o ka mana i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ma Rusia. ʻOiai ma kekahi pūnaewele o nā mea kūʻai kaʻa, hōʻike ʻia ka mana mīkini i ka horsepower.
He aha kēia ʻāpana, he aha ka mea like?
Ma ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka horsepower engine, ke kiʻi nei ka hapa nui o mākou i kahi kiʻi maʻalahi: inā ʻoe e lawe i kahi pūʻulu o 80 mau lio a me kahi kaʻa me kahi ʻenekini 80 hp, a laila e like ko lākou ikaika a ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke huki i ke kaula.
Inā ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hana hou i kēlā ʻano kūlana i ke ola maoli, a laila e lanakila mau ka pua o nā lio, no ka mea i mea e hoʻomohala ai ka ʻenekini i kēlā mana, pono ia e wili i ka crankshaft i kekahi helu o nā kipi i kēlā me kēia minuke. ʻO nā lio, ʻo ka holo ʻana mai ko lākou wahi a kauo i ke kaʻa ma hope o lākou, a nahā ka pahu pahu.
Eia kekahi, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka horsepower kahi ʻāpana maʻamau o ka mana, ʻoiai ʻo kēlā me kēia lio he kanaka hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kekahi ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka horsepower i ka makahiki 1789. Ua makemake ʻo James Watt ka mea hoʻokumu kaulana e hōʻike i ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenekini mahu ma mua o nā lio e hoʻokō ai i ka hana. Lawe wale ʻo ia a helu i ka nui o ka ikehu a ka lio e hoʻohana ai i ka mīkini hoʻokiʻekiʻe maʻalahi loa - he huila me nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ia - e huki i nā pahu lanahu mai loko mai o ka lua a i ʻole e puhi i ka wai me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paila.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua hiki i hoʻokahi lio ke huki i ka ukana he 75 kilokani ma ka wikiwiki o 1 m/s. Inā mākou e unuhi i kēia mana i watts, ʻike ʻia ʻo 1 hp. he 735 watts. ʻO ka mana o nā kaʻa hou i ana ʻia i kilowatts, kēlā me kēia, 1 hp. = 0,74 kW.
No ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mea nona kaʻu e hoʻololi mai ka ikaika o ka lio a i ka ikaika o ka mahu, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Watt i kahi ala maʻalahi: e ana i ka nui o ka hana a nā lio e hana ai i ka lā, a laila e hoʻā i ka mīkini mahu a helu i ka nui o nā lio e hiki ke pani. Ua maopopo ua lilo ka enekini mahu i oi aku ka waiwai, no ka mea, ua hiki ke pani i kekahi mau lio. Uaʻike nā mea nona ka maina he mea maʻalahi ka mālamaʻana i kahi kaʻa ma mua o ka hale paʻa holoʻokoʻa me nā hopena a pau e hiki mai ana: mauʻu, oats, manure, a pēlā aku.
He mea kūpono hoʻi e ʻōlelo ʻia ua helu hewa ʻo Watt i ka ikaika o hoʻokahi lio. Hiki i nā holoholona ikaika loa ke hāpai i ke kaumaha o 75 kg i ka wikiwiki o 1 m / s, ʻoi aku, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana no ka manawa lōʻihi i ia mau kūlana. ʻOiai aia nā hōʻike no ka manawa pōkole hiki i hoʻokahi lio ke hoʻomohala i ka mana a hiki i 9 kW (9 / 0,74 kW = 12,16 hp).
Pehea e hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka mana ʻenekini?
I kēia lā, ʻo ke ala maʻalahi loa e ana i ka mana maoli o ka mīkini me kahi dyno. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaʻa ma luna o ke kū, hoʻoikaika paʻa ʻia, a laila hoʻolalelale ka mea hoʻokele i ka mīkini i ka wikiwiki loa a hōʻike ʻia ka mana maoli i ka hp ma ka hōʻike. ʻAe ʻia ka hewa - +/- 0,1 hp E like me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hōʻike ʻana, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono ka mana o ka nameplate i ka mea maoli, a hiki paha i kēia ke hōʻike i ke alo o nā ʻano hana like ʻole - mai ka wahie haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hiki i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā cylinders.
Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka horsepower he ʻōnaehana non-systemic, ua helu ʻokoʻa ʻia ma nā ʻāina like ʻole. Ma USA a me ʻEnelani, no ka laʻana, hoʻokahi hp. ʻO 745 watts, ʻaʻole 735 e like me Rusia.
E like me ia, akā ua maʻa nā mea a pau i kēia ʻāpana o ke ana, no ka mea he maʻalahi a maʻalahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo HP hoʻohana ʻia i ka helu ʻana i ke kumukūʻai o OSAGO a me CASCO.
ʻAe, inā heluhelu ʻoe i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kaʻa - ʻo ka mana engine he 150 hp. - ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i kāna mea e hiki ai. A ʻaʻole lawa ka moʻolelo e like me 110,33 kW e ʻōlelo. ʻOiai e hoʻololi ana i nā kilowatts i hp. maʻalahi loa: puʻunaue mākou i 110,33 kW me 0,74 kW, loaʻa iā mākou ka 150 hp i makemake ʻia.
Makemake au e hoʻomanaʻo iā ʻoe ʻo ka manaʻo o ka "engine power" iā ia iho ʻaʻole ia i hōʻike nui ʻia, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe: kiʻekiʻe torque, rpm, kaumaha kaʻa. Ua ʻike ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā mīkini diesel a loaʻa ka mana kiʻekiʻe ma 1500-2500 rpm, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā mīkini ʻaila, akā e hōʻike ana i nā hopena maikaʻi aʻe ma kahi lōʻihi.
Ke hoʻouka nei…
