ʻO ka methane wai a i ʻole gaseous, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a no ke aha

ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke kinoea a me ka methane wai ke lilo nei i mea kūpono i ka honua kaʻa. ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihanakahi i loaʻa ai nā ʻano mana mana ʻelua, ʻoiai inā mālama ʻia ka wai no nā kaʻa kaumaha, i kekahi mau hihia, no ka laʻana ma Iveco Stralis, hiki ke hāʻawi i hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi, a i ʻole nā ​​hopena ʻelua. Akā he aha ko lākou mau ʻano?

KKE maoli

Methane i loko o ke kinoea, hōʻike ʻia e nā hua mua CNG (kinoea kūlohelohe compressed), ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia no ka ʻoihana kaʻa: ha pomaikai nui e like me ka waiwai hoʻomehana maikaʻi loa, nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā wahie ʻē aʻe e emi koina, 'a'ole koi 'ia ka lawe 'ana i ka hale ho'okele kinoea, hiki i laila ma o ka paipu.

ʻO ka methane wai a i ʻole LNG

Liquid Methane, pōkole SPG (kinoea maoli liquefied), he methane kahi kaʻina hana kūikawā liquefaction hiki ke hana i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia i nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa (-161 °). Hoʻonui kēia hoʻololi maʻalahi ka lawe ʻana ma kahi lōʻihi, e noʻonoʻo wale me Nā 600 pāʻani Hoʻokahi wale nō lita o ka LPG i hana ʻia mai ke kinoea methane, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike nui o ka ikehu ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi.

Hiki ke wai methane hāpai ma nā wahi hiki ʻole i nā paipu, ma ke kai, akā ma ka ʻāina kekahi, a laila hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia i kahi kūlana kinoea (regasification) mahele ma nā pūnaewele lawelawe.

Hoʻohana kaʻa

Ua lōʻihi ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ke kinoea methane nā wahie ʻē aʻe: ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma mua o ke kinoea liquefied petroleum (ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa mai ka petroleum a no laila he liʻiliʻi ka pōmaikaʻi o ke kaiapuni), akā ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻae ʻia ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana. kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā mea hoʻokuʻu haʻahaʻa, ma mua ma nā kaʻa pilikino a laila ma luna o nā kaʻa ʻoihana māmā, waena a kaumaha, a e pōmaikaʻi hoʻi i nā kaʻa kiʻekiʻe. leo nā ʻenekini.

I kēia mau lā, akā, ka hapa nui o nā sui kaumahaLoaʻa i ka methane wai ka nui a me ka nui o nā wahi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i kona ʻano ʻoi aku ka nui, e ʻae i ka autonomy o nā kaʻa e aneane pālua i ka methane gaseous, me nā kiʻekiʻe mai 1.100 a 1.600 km, e hoʻolilo iā ia iho i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka diesel no nā kaʻa i manaʻo ʻia. no ka mamao loa.

Maʻemaʻe, maʻemaʻe maoli

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka mīkini diesel nitrogen dioxide He haʻahaʻa ka methane (NO2) ma mua o 90% ʻoiai ua like nā ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana paʻa me ka ʻole, ka mea hoʻomāmā i ka i ʻōnaehana hoʻopau a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kinoea, hoʻopau i ka pono hoʻopau a hoemi i ka pono no ka malama ana. No ka mea CO2, ma ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa "mai ka pūnāwai a hiki i ka rudder", ʻo ia hoʻi, mai ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻopau hope ʻana, e emi iho ana 10-15% inā hoʻohana ʻia ka methane mai nā waihona "fossil" a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia e 95% no ka biomethane.

ʻO nā pono āpau a me nā pōʻino

Ma waena o nā pono o ke kinoea ma nā ʻano ʻelua: ke kumukuai i ka pauma, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole: hoʻokahi kg o ka methane wai a i ʻole ke kinoea methane e hāʻawi i kahi mamao e like me ka lita o ka wahie diesel (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 4 km ma nā kaʻa o ka papa 12-18 t), akā ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o me ka VAT ole 50 keneta emi mai... Eia naʻe, i kēia manawa wale nō hoʻopakele ma ka wahie, no ka mea, ke kinoea kumu hoʻohālike e mau ana, e like me 50% a i 90% ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mīkini diesel o ka mana like.

Pūnaewele i ka hana ʻana

ʻO ka pilikia nui e noho mau i ka pūnaewele mahele, i hoʻomohala ʻia no ke kinoea a ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he capillary, ma Italia, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka hapa nui o nā hale hana. kekahi mau ʻāina e like me Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Veneto, Lombardy.

ʻO Liquid, ka mea i ʻike hou ʻia i ka ʻoihana kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kaulana i kēia manawa. hoʻilihune ʻole ʻia e pili ana i ke kahe ʻana, ʻoiai inā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua ulu nui ia: e noʻonoʻo, ua wehe ʻia ka mea kanu mua 2014 a i kēia lā ke hana nei lākou 63 a he kanaha hou aku ke kukuluia nei.