Hiki i nā kristal wai e like me nā electrolytes i nā pā lithium-ion i hiki ke hana i nā pūnaewele metala lithium paʻa?

He haʻawina hoihoi na Carnegie Mellon University. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema e hoʻohana i nā kristal wai i loko o nā cell lithium-ion e hoʻonui i ko lākou ikehu, kūpaʻa, a me ka hiki ke hoʻouka. ʻAʻole i holomua ka hana, no laila e kali mākou ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki no ka hoʻopau ʻana - inā hiki.

Ua hoʻololi hou nā kristal wai i nā hōʻike, i kēia manawa hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i nā pila

Ka papa o nā mea

• Ua hoʻololi hou nā kristal wai i nā hōʻike, i kēia manawa hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i nā pila
  • ʻO nā kristal wai ma ke ʻano he hoʻopunipuni e loaʻa ai kahi electrolyte paʻa wai

I ka pōkole: ke ʻimi nei nā mea hana kelepona lithium-ion e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka ikehu o nā cell i ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana kelepona, me ka laʻana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ma nā mana hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka manaʻo e hoʻomāmā, palekana, a wikiwiki hoʻi i ka hoʻouka hou ʻana. Ua like iki me ka huinakolu wikiwiki-kumu-maikai.

ʻO kekahi o nā ala e hoʻonui nui ai i ka ikehu kūikawā o nā pūnaewele (e 1,5-3 mau manawa) ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā anodes metala lithium (Li-metal).... ʻAʻole kalapona a silika paha, e like me ka wā ma mua, akā ʻo ka lithium, kahi mea i kuleana pololei i ka hiki o ke kelepona. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo kēia hoʻonohonoho e hoʻomohala koke i nā dendrites lithium, nā protrusions metala e hoʻopili ai i ka manawa i nā electrodes ʻelua, e hōʻino iā lākou.

ʻO nā kristal wai ma ke ʻano he hoʻopunipuni e loaʻa ai kahi electrolyte paʻa wai

Ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā anodes i nā mea like ʻole e hana i kahi pūpū waho e hiki ai ke kahe o nā ion lithium akā ʻaʻole e ʻae i nā hale paʻa e ulu. ʻO kahi hopena kūpono i ka pilikia ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi electrolyte paʻa - kahi pā i hiki ʻole ai i nā dendrites ke komo.

Ua lawe nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui ʻo Carnegie Mellon i kahi ala ʻē aʻe: makemake lākou e noho me nā electrolytes wai i hōʻoia ʻia, akā ma muli o nā kristal wai. ʻO nā kristal wai nā hale i waena o ka wai a me nā kristal, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea paʻa me kahi ʻano i kauoha ʻia. He wai nā kristal wai, akā ua kauoha nui ʻia kā lākou mau mole (kumu).

Ma ka pae molekala, ʻo ke ʻano o ka electrolyte kristal wai he ʻano crystalline wale nō a no laila ke kāohi nei i ka ulu ʻana o nā dendrites. Eia naʻe, ke hana nei mākou i kahi wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi pae e hiki ai i nā ion ke kahe ma waena o nā electrodes. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ulu ʻana o Dendrite, pono e kahe nā ukana.

ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia kēia i loko o ke aʻo ʻana, akā aia kekahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe nā kristal wai: i ka manawa e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka uila iā lākou, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma kahi ʻano (e like me kāu e ʻike ai, no ka laʻana, ma ka nānā ʻana i kēia mau huaʻōlelo a me ka palena ma waena o ka ʻeleʻele. nā leka a me kahi mālamalama māmā). No laila, hiki mai paha i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ke kelepona, e hoʻonoho ʻia nā molekala kristal wai ma kahi kihi ʻē aʻe a "ʻoki" i nā waihona dendritic mai nā electrodes.

ʻIke ʻia, e like kēia me ka pani ʻana o nā flaps, e ʻōlelo, i loko o ka puka makani.

ʻO ka lalo o ke kūlana ʻo ia Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Carnegie Mellon University i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā electrolytes hou... Ua ʻike ʻia he haʻahaʻa ko lākou kūpaʻa ma mua o nā electrolytes wai maʻamau. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kelepona, a ʻaʻole kēia ke kuhikuhi e makemake ai mākou. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka pilikia ma hope o ka manawa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole mākou e manaʻo i ke ʻano o nā pūhui solid-state ma mua o ka hapa lua o ka makahiki he ʻumi:

> Hoʻohana ʻo LG Chem i nā sulfide i loko o nā pūnaewele mokuʻāina paʻa. ʻAʻole ma mua o 2028 ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka electrolyte paʻa

Kiʻi hoʻolauna: Hoʻokumu ʻia nā lithium dendrites ma ka electrode o kahi cell lithium-ion microscopic. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻeleʻele nui ma luna ka lua electrode. ʻO ka "bubble" mua o nā lithium atoms e pana i kekahi manawa, e hana ana i kahi "whisker" ʻo ia ke kumu o ka dendrite e puka mai ana (c) PNNL Unplugged / YouTube:

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