He loea paʻakikī me nā mākau palupalu

I ke kenekulia 1, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "engineer" ma kekahi mau ʻāina e kuhikuhi i ka mea hana i nā mea kaua. Ua loli ka manaʻo o ka huaʻōlelo i nā kenekulia. I kēia lā, i ka makahiki XNUMXth, ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole ma mua o ka mōʻaukala (XNUMX).

Ma muli o nā hana ʻenekinia, ʻike mākou i ka nui o nā mea i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, mai nā pyramids o ʻAigupita kahiko a hiki i ka mea i hana ʻia o ka mīkini mahu, i ka huakaʻi o ke kanaka a i ka mahina.

a e pau ka hana ana o ka ahahui ke hoohana hou ia no kekahi kumu. ʻOi aku ke kikoʻī, penei mākou e wehewehe pinepine ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka ʻike kino, kemika, a me ka makemakika, i ka hoʻoponopono pilikia.

2. ʻO ka puke a Freeman Dyson "Breaking the Universe".

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻenehana ʻenehana nui ʻehā he ʻenekinia mīkini, ʻenekinia kīwila, ʻenekinia uila, a me ka ʻenekinia kemika. Ma mua, ʻenehana loea i hoʻokahi wale nō aʻo. A laila hoʻololi a hoʻololi mau. I kēia lā, ʻo ka ʻenekinia kuʻuna (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia he "enekinia polokalamu" a i ʻole "bioengineer") pono e ʻike i nā ʻōnaehana mīkini, uila, a me nā ʻōnaehana uila, a me ka hoʻomohala polokalamu a me ka ʻenehana palekana.

Hana nā ʻenekinia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole me ka automotive, pale, aerospace, ikehu me ka nuklea, aila a me ke kinoea, a me ka ikehu hou e like me ka makani a me ka lā, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka kemika, ka lewa, ka meaʻai, nā ʻoihana uila a me ke kila. nā huahana metala ʻē aʻe.

I loko o kāna puke Disrupting the Universe (2), i paʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 1981, ua kākau ʻo Freeman Dyson physicist: “ʻO ka ʻepekema maikaʻi he kanaka nona nā manaʻo kumu. ʻO ka ʻenekinia maikaʻi he kanaka nāna i hana i kahi hoʻolālā e hana me nā manaʻo kumu liʻiliʻi e like me ka hiki. ʻAʻole nā ​​ʻenekinia nā hōkū. Hoʻolālā lākou, loiloi, hoʻomohala, hoʻāʻo, hoʻololi, hoʻokomo, hōʻoia a mālama i kahi ākea o nā huahana a me nā ʻōnaehana. Manaʻo lākou a wehewehe i nā mea a me nā kaʻina hana, nānā i ka hana a me ke kūkulu ʻana, hana i ka nānā ʻana i ka hemahema, kūkākūkā a alakaʻi.

Mai ka mechanics a hiki i ka mālama kaiapuni

ʻO ke kahua o ka ʻenekinia i kēia manawa ua wāwahi ʻia i loko o nā ʻano loea. Eia nā mea nui loa:

ʻEnehana mīkini - ʻo ia, no ka laʻana, ka hoʻolālā, ka hana ʻana, ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mīkini, nā mea hana a me nā hui, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele a me nā mea hana no ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou kūlana a me ka hana. Hoʻopili ia, me nā kaʻa, nā mīkini, me ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka mahiʻai, nā hoʻonohonoho ʻenehana a me kahi ākea o nā mea hana a me nā mea hana.

Keʻena Engineering - uhi i ka hoʻolālā, hoʻāʻo, hana, kūkulu, hoʻāʻo, hoʻomalu a hōʻoia i nā mea uila a me nā uila, nā mīkini a me nā ʻōnaehana. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka nui, mai nā kaapuni microscopic a hiki i ka hana mana a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouna.

- hoʻolālā, kūkulu, mālama ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā papahana ʻoihana nui e like me nā alaloa, nā alahao, nā alahaka, nā tunnels, nā dams a me nā mokulele.

Aerospace engineering - ka hoʻolālā, ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mokulele a me nā mokulele, a me nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana e like me nā airframes, nā mea kanu mana, nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele a me nā alakaʻi, nā ʻōnaehana uila a me nā ʻōnaehana uila, kamaʻilio a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele.

ʻenekinia nukelea - hoʻolālā, hana, kūkulu, hana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā mea hana, nā ʻōnaehana a me nā kaʻina hana no ka hana, kaohi a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka radiation nuklea. Aia kēia mau ʻōnaehana i nā mea wikiwiki a me nā reactor nuklea no nā mea kanu mana a me nā moku, a me ka hana ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā radioisotopes.

mīkini hana kūkulu ʻo ia ka hoʻolālā, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hale lawe ukana e like me nā hale, nā alahaka a me nā ʻoihana ʻoihana.

 - ka hana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana, nā lako a me nā mea hana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hana lapaʻau.

ʻenekinia kemika ʻO ia ka hana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā mea hana, nā ʻōnaehana a me nā kaʻina hana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea maka a me ka hui ʻana, ka hoʻohui ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā kemika e hana i nā huahana waiwai.

ʻenehana kamepiula - ka hana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka lako kamepiula, nā ʻōnaehana kamepiula, nā pūnaewele a me nā polokalamu kamepiula.

ʻenekinia ʻenehana - ka hana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā mea hana, nā lako, nā ʻōnaehana a me nā kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i nā mea a me nā wahi hana ʻē aʻe.

ʻenekinia kaiapuni - ka hana o ka pale ʻana, hōʻemi a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kumu haumia e pili ana i ka ea, ka wai a me ka ʻāina. ʻIke a ana ʻo ia i nā pae haumia, ʻike i nā kumu o ka haumia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻoponopono i nā wahi i hoʻohaumia ʻia, a hoʻokō i nā hoʻoponopono kūloko a me ke aupuni.

Hiki pinepine i nā mea kūikawā o kēlā me kēia kanaka ke uhi nui. No kēia kumu, pono e loaʻa i nā ʻenekini ka ʻike maʻamau o nā ʻano ʻenehana i hoʻohui ʻia i kā lākou loea. No ka laʻana, pono e hoʻomaopopo ka ʻenekinia kīwila i nā manaʻo hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, pono ka ʻenekinia aerospace e hoʻopili i nā loina ʻenekinia mechanical, a pono e loaʻa i ka ʻenekinia nuklea ka ʻike hana o ka ʻenekini uila.

Pono nā ʻenekinia a pau, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻoihana kūikawā, i ka ʻike piha o ka makemakika, physics a me nā ʻenehana kamepiula e like me ka hoʻohālike kamepiula a me ka hoʻolālā. No laila, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā polokalamu noiʻi ʻenekinia i kēia lā he mau mea paʻa o ka ʻike i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu kamepiula a me nā lako.

ʻAʻole hana hoʻokahi ka ʻenekinia

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao kūpono, ka ʻike a, ma ke ʻano maʻamau, nā mākau ʻenehana, pono e loaʻa i nā ʻenekini hou nā ʻano o nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "soft". ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo kēia mau mākau e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiapuni hana a me ka hana ʻana me nā pūʻulu o nā kānaka, i mua o nā pilikia hou a me nā kūlana "non-technical" e kū nei.

No ka laʻana, hiki mai nā ʻano alakaʻi a me ka hiki ke hoʻokumu i nā pilina kūpono ke hoʻokele ka ʻenekinia i nā hui o nā limahana. ʻAʻole lawa nā ʻano hana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka ʻae ʻana me nā poʻe me ka ʻenehana loea. ʻO ka pinepine, pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio me nā poʻe ma waho o ka ʻoihana, e like me nā mea kūʻai aku, a i kekahi manawa me ka lehulehu, nā poʻe ʻaʻole ʻike ʻenehana. He mea nui e hiki iā ʻoe ke unuhi i kāu ʻike i nā huaʻōlelo i hiki i nā poʻe i loko a i waho o kāu keʻena ke hoʻomaopopo.

Ma muli o nā koi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke kamaʻilio pinepine ʻana kekahi o nā mākau palupalu i ʻimi nui ʻia. ʻAʻole loa e hana wale nā ​​ʻenekinia. Hana pū lākou me nā limahana he nui, nā hoa ʻenekinia a me nā poʻe ma waho o kā lākou ʻoihana, e hoʻopau i kā lākou mau papahana. A ʻo kēia mau mākau "māmā" pū kekahi e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Emotional Intelligence", hōʻike a me ke aʻo ʻana, ka hiki ke wehewehe i nā pilikia paʻakikī, ka hiki ke hoʻoikaika, ka hiki ke kūkākūkā, ka hoʻomanawanui pilikia, ka hoʻokele pilikia, ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā. a me ka ʻike o nā ʻenehana hoʻokele papahana. .

He hoʻonohonoho kēia o nā mākau "māmā" i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe "ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī" o ka ʻike, akā ʻoi aku hoʻi ma mua o ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana o ka ʻenekinia. Loaʻa i ka mea hope kahi ākea ākea, mai nā ʻōlelo hoʻonohonoho, ka ʻike helu helu, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili, ka hiki ke hoʻolālā i nā hiʻohiʻona, nā hale, nā ʻōnaehana, a me ka mana kaʻina.

E like me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e pono ai nā mākau hoʻokele papahana, noi kekahi poʻe ʻenekinia i kahi palapala hoʻokele papahana, no ka laʻana, e like me ke ʻano PMI kaulana.

I kēia mau lā, pili ka ʻenekinia i ka hoʻoponopono pilikia a me ka multitasking.a ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala hou e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻike i loaʻa - he kaʻina hana hana maoli. Hiki i ka ʻenekinia ke hoʻokomo i kahi mea hana.

Ua lōʻihi nā lā o nā hana kūikawā.

Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Daniel Cooley (3), ka hope pelekikena a me ka luna hoʻolālā nui o Silicon Labs, i loko o kahi hoʻolaha hoʻolaha e pono e "makaʻala" kahi ʻenekini e komo ana i ke kolu o ke kenekulia XNUMX i kekahi mau mea i ulu wikiwiki i nā makahiki i hala.

ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i ka mīkini a me kona hopena i nā ʻano ʻenehana like ʻole (4). ʻO ka helu ʻelua a Cooley i kuhikuhi ai, ʻo ia nā hana palekana ʻike, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻenekinia hou ke lawe maʻalahi. ʻO nā pilikia ʻē aʻe e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka pōʻaiapili a me nā loulou i nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻenehana. Pono e poina ka ʻenekinia e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi a noʻonoʻo i kāna ʻoihana kūikawā he kaʻawale mai nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hōʻike a ka American National Academy of Engineering (NAE), i kapa ʻia ʻo "Engineer of the Year 2020" e wehewehe ana i ka honua o ka ʻenekinia mechanical i kahi ʻano hoʻololi wikiwiki kahi e wikiwiki ai ka holomua ʻenehana. Heluhelu mākou i loko o ia mea, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka manaʻo o nā wahi e like me ka nanotechnology, biotechnology a me ka computing hana kiʻekiʻe e kōkua i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ia hoʻi e piʻi aʻe ke kuleana o nā ʻenekinia me ka ʻike ma kēia mau wahi. I ka lilo ʻana o ka honua i ka pilina a me ka pūnaewele o nā hilinaʻi he nui, pono nā ʻenekinia e lawe i kahi ala multidisciplinary. Loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻoihana ʻenekinia nā kuleana hou aʻe. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻenekinia kīwila ke kuleana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kaiapuni paʻa i ka wā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o ke ola. Ua pau nā lā o nā ʻoihana kūikawā, a e hohonu wale kēia ʻano - ʻike ʻia kēia mai ka hōʻike.