E pani i ke kaupaku luna ʻāpana 10

ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻolālā a me ke kūʻai ʻana ma 1936-39. ʻo ia, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā pū anti-aircraft caliber 90 mm. Nā lako e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pale pono i nā ʻōnaehana pale ea ma nā kūlanakauhale nui a me nā kikowaena ʻoihana.

I loko o kahi moʻolelo o nā ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma "Wojsko i Technika Historia" i ka makahiki 2018 ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa nui "E pani i ke kaupaku luna ...", kokoke i nā kumuhana āpau e pili pono ana i ka Polani medium a me ka nui caliber anti-aircraft artillery, a me pehea e pili ai. Ua kūkākūkā ʻia nā mea kōkua ahi. Ua loaʻa i nā pūʻali koa Polish, i kākoʻo ʻia e kahi papahana hou ambisious, ua loaʻa i kahi ʻano o nā piʻi a me nā haʻahaʻa i loaʻa i ka hopena pololei i ko lākou ʻano i ka wā maluhia a me kā lākou hakakā ʻana i ka hakakā kaua. Ma ka ʻatikala e hoʻopau ana i ka pōʻaiapuni i luna, hōʻike ka mea kākau i nā mea hope loa o ka ʻōnaehana pale ea hou o ka Second Polish Republic, i hana ʻia mai ka wā ʻōpala, a hōʻuluʻulu i nā hana āpau i hana ʻia ma 1935-1939.

Ma kahi hālāwai o ka National Welfare Service i ka lā 17 o Dekemaba, 1936, ua kūkākūkā hou ʻia ka pilikia o ka pale ea o ka ʻāina kūloko (OPL OK), i kūkākūkā mua ʻia ma Pepeluali 7 a me Iulai 31 o ia makahiki. I ka wā o ke kūkākūkā ʻana, ua hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia ke kumuhana o ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli mai ka lewa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi nā māhele infantry. Wahi a nā helu i ʻae ʻia e ka KSUS, ua manaʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia DP he 4 platoons o 40-mm 2 mau pū i kēlā me kēia. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, no ka ikaika o ke ahi ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe a ma kahi mamao ma waho o ka palena kūpono o nā pū 40 mm, pono e loaʻa i kahi mahele kahi pākaukau ʻokoʻa o 75 mm mau pū. Ua pololei ka postulate, no ka mea, ma kēia ʻano i manaʻo ʻia e kūʻē i nā mokulele bomber wale nō, akā, ʻo ka ʻike pū ʻana hoʻi, ka mea i hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pilikia no nā ʻāpana hana.

Ma mua o ka hana ʻana o Starachowice 75mm anti-aircraft pū ma 75mm wz. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo 97/25 i ke kumu o ka ʻōnaehana pale ea Polani.

Wahi a ka pūʻali koa Polani, ua hana nā kaʻa reconnaissance ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 2000 m a aia i loko o ka laulā o nā pū 40-mm (ʻo ka pae manaʻo o kēia pū he 3 km). ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ka nānā ʻana mai ke kiʻekiʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia ma kahi mamao o 4-6 km mai nā kūlana ʻenemi. ʻO kēia mamao ma mua o wz. 36. No ka hana maikaʻi, pono i ka luna o ka pākaukau o nā pū kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna mākaʻikaʻi ponoʻī a me ka helu hōʻike i wahi no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻikepili no ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūʻali koa ʻenemi i kēia manawa, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hana i hāʻawi ʻia i ia ia e uhi i ka hapa nui. ʻO ka mea nui ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻenehana i hele aku ma mua o ke kāʻei kuʻuna o ke kiʻi ʻana pololei a ʻae ʻia ke kī ʻana ma ka pepeiao (nā mea kani). No laila, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka manaʻo e hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa e ka poʻe aʻo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ma kēia pae o ka ʻoihana pale ea i ka pō (ka nele o nā mākaʻikaʻi kūpono, nā mea hoʻomanaʻo, etc.).

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka uhi paʻa o ka lewa ma luna o ka DP i hana wale ʻia ma ka pae hope ʻekolu o ka papahana hoʻonui. ʻO ka mea mua i kālele ʻia i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā ʻāpana tactical nui me nā mea hana 40-mm, a ʻo ka lua ka pae o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka helu o nā pū i nā pā a hiki i ka 6 a i ʻole 8 mau ʻāpana. ʻO ke kolu o ka pae ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana pale ea me ka caliber o 75 mm a ʻoi aku paha i ka pūʻali koa, i ka SZ reserve a ma ka pae hope o ka DP. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kolu o ka pae, ua hōʻike ʻia e kekahi hierarchy o nā hana:

• • ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka pale ʻana i ka ea o Warsaw a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka pale ʻana i ka ea o nā mea nui ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo nei;
  • ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā papa hana nui o ka pae hana me nā mea kaua anti-aircraft a me ka hana ʻana i kahi mālama SZ;
  • hoʻomākaukau i ke koena o ka ʻāina no ka pale ʻana i ka ea;
  • ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā ʻāpana taktikal nui me nā mea kaua anti-aircraft hou 75-mm.

Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i ka hopena o 1936, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻolālā mobilization "Z", aia kahi loulou i ka māhele 33rd rifle, no laila ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e like me kēia: 264 40-mm pū no ka DP, 78 40 13-mm pu no BC, 132 75-mm pu no DP. ʻAʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana kaʻa (RM) i ka helu ʻana, ʻoiai ua wehe ʻia ka piʻi.

Nā helu BC a hiki i ka 15.

ʻAʻole i emi iki ke kūlana i ka pae o ka mea i kapa ʻia. hui hana nui, i.e. he pūʻali hana kaʻawale a i ʻole pūʻali koa, ʻo ka helu o ia mau mea i ka hihia o H a i ʻole R i hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ma 7. ʻO kēlā me kēia o lākou e loaʻa i 1-3 mau mahele huikau o lākou iho, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka helu ma mua o 12. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kēlā me kēia o lākou penei: 3 mau pahu 75-mm pū - 4 pū, 1 hui hulina 150 cm - 12 mau kikowaena, 1 pākahi o nā pū 40-mm - 6 pū (3 platoons). Ka huina o 144 75 mm pu, 144 150 knm searchlights, 72 40 mm pu a me 144 kaumaha mīkini pu. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea hou i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka OK NW a me VL, ua māhele ʻia kēlā me kēia i nā ʻaoʻao hikina a me ke komohana, e hōʻike ana i ʻekolu mau wahi nui o nā hana mokulele ʻenemi (Table 1). ʻO ka luna hoʻomalu, i ka hihia o N a i ʻole R, pono e loaʻa i nā pūʻali koa anti-aircraft 5 koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka hana nui ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i nā kikowaena hoʻoponopono aia ma nā ʻaoʻao weliweli. ʻO kēlā me kēia laina hoʻopaʻa NW he 3 mau pahu o nā pū 90-105 mm (12 pū), 1 hui o nā kukui hulina 150 knm a me 1 pākahi o nā pū 40 mm (6 pū).

Huina: 60 90-105mm pu kuniahi, 60 150cm mau kukui hulina, 30 40mm a me 60 mau pu mikini kaumaha. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka ʻāina i loko, kahi i hiki loa i nā mokulele ʻenemi, i komo pū me 10 i kapa ʻia. nā ʻāpana a me 5 mau kikowaena kūlanakauhale koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hope i loko o ka hoʻolālā ma muli o ka lilo o nā kikowaena kamaʻilio a me nā kikowaena koʻikoʻi o ka mokuʻāina, i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā hoʻoweliweli mai ka lewa. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā pono o ka home, ua manaʻo ʻia e hana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā pūʻulu māmā i ke ʻano o kahi squadron o 75-mm semi-stationary a i ʻole nā ​​​​pū puʻupuʻu - 3 mau pahu, 1 hui hulina - 12 mau pou, 1 pākaukau o 40- mm pu a me 6 mea kaua; nā pūʻulu lōʻihi o ka haku mele like ʻana, akā pono nā pū anti-aircraft 90-105-mm e pani i nā pū 75-mm.

ʻO ka huina, ʻo ka mea hope loa o ka umbrella anti-aircraft o ka Commonwealth Second e loaʻa i nā pūkuniahi 336 75-mm, nā pūkuniahi 48 ​​90-105-mm, 300/384 150-cm mau kukui a me 384 mau pū mīkini kaumaha. ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka manaʻo holoʻokoʻa no ka "New Organization of Anti-Aircraft Artillery" ʻo ia ka huki ʻana i 1356 mau pū anti-aircraft WP, 504/588 anti-aircraft searchlights a me 654 mau pū mīkini kaumaha no ka pale ʻana i ke kiʻi ʻana o nā pahu ma kahi. kiekie. kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 800 m. e hoʻololi i kahi ʻāpana o ka NKM 20 mm pū mīkini kaumaha. ʻO nā waiwai i loaʻa i loko o ka ʻatikala he mea kupanaha loa ia, ʻoiai nā makahiki o ka pae mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hui maluhia hou, i koho ʻia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa no ka manawa 1937-1938, pono e lilo i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lako 40 mm e hiki mai ana a me ka wikiwiki. hoʻonaʻauao o nā limahana.