ʻO nā moku kiaʻi kōkua ʻo Médoc a me Pomerol

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ia e kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe Kelemania me kahi torpedo precision OF Médoc (i pena hewa ʻia ma ʻaneʻi me ka ʻaoʻao e kaha ana iā Pomerol). Na Adam Werka pena.

Ua haʻalele ʻo Farani i ke kaua i hoʻomaka ʻia ma Mei 10, 1940, he 43 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o Kelemania. I ka wā o ka Blitzkrieg, ka mea i hoʻokō nui i ka pūʻali koa Kelemania, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Benito Mussolini, ke alakaʻi o ka neʻe fascist ma Italia, e hui pū me ka hopena o kona ʻāina.

me Geremania, e kukala ana i ke kaua me na Allies. ʻO kēia "buldog maikaʻi," e like me kā Adolf Hitler i kapa ai iā Winston Churchill me ka huhū huhū, ua ʻike ʻo ia i mea e alo ai i ka ʻino Axis a loaʻa ka manawa i ka lanakila hope loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā Beretania ke lilo i kona lanakila ma ka moana. Ua noho hoʻokahi ka poʻe Pelekania e kūʻē i ka hana hoʻomāinoino Kelemania, ʻo ia wale nō nā hoa kuʻikahi i kēia manawa: ʻo Czechs, Norwegians a me Poles. Ua hoʻomaka ka mokupuni e hoʻonohonoho i nā pale ma ka ʻāina a hoʻoikaika i kona mau pūʻali koa moana ma ka English Channel a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kai ʻĀkau. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha, ua hoʻoholo koke ka ʻAmimarala Pelekāne e hoʻopaʻa lima a hoʻopiha i kēlā me kēia moku kūpono no ka lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he moku kaua a me nā pū a me nā pū anti-aircraft (i kapa ʻia ʻo ia nā pū anti-aircraft), "mākaukau" e kaua aku i nā pūʻali hoʻouka kaua. .

I ka manawa o ka haawi pio ana o Palani ma na awa o ka hema o Enelani - ma Plymouth a me kekahi hapa o Devonport, Southampton, Dartmouth a me Portsmouth - ua oi aku mamua o 200 mau moku Farani o na ano like ole, mai na moku kaua a na moku liilii a me na kukulu kokua liilii. Ua hōʻea lākou i kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka English Channel ma muli o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā awa Farani ʻākau ma waena o ka hopena o Mei a me 20 Iune. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mākaʻi, nā luna ʻole a me nā luina i kākoʻo i ke aupuni Vichy (ʻo 2/3 o ka ʻāina ma lalo o ka noho Kelemania) i alakaʻi ʻia e ka Hope Kuhina Nui ʻo Pierre Laval, ʻaʻole i manaʻo e komo i loko. hana hou aku me ka Royal Navy.

I ka lā 1 o Iulai, ua hoʻonoho ʻo General de Gaulle iā Vadmus i luna o nā pūʻali kaua moana o ka Farani Kūʻokoʻa. ʻO Émile Muselier, nāna i mālama i nā hoʻoponopono o ka navy ma lalo o ka hae tricolor a me ke Keʻa o Lorraine.

ʻIke ʻia i ka hopena o Iune, ua noʻonoʻo ka ʻōlelo Farani i ka manaʻo e hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻauwaʻa i ʻApelika ʻĀkau. No ka poʻe Pelekāne, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia kēlā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo, no ka mea, aia kekahi pilikia nui e lilo koke kekahi o kēia mau moku ma lalo o ka mana Kelemania. I ka holo ʻole ʻana o nā hoʻāʻo ʻana a pau, ma ka pō o Iulai 2-3, ua hopu ʻia nā moku Farani me nā pūʻali koa o nā luina a me nā moku aliʻi. Wahi a nā kumu Farani, mai loko mai o 15 mau koa moana, he 000 wale nō nā luna a me 20 mau luna a me nā luina i hōʻike i ko lākou kākoʻo iā Muselier. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā mau luina i kākoʻo i ke aupuni Vichy a laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia i Farani.

I ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e pale aku iā Kelemania mai ka hopu ʻana i ke koena o nā ʻauwaʻa Farani, ua kauoha ʻo Churchill i ka hopu ʻana a i ʻole, inā ʻaʻole i hopu ʻia, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā moku moana ma nā awa Farani a me Farani ʻApelika. Ua hāʻawi pio aku ka pūʻali koa Farani ma Alexandria i ka poʻe Pelekania, a ʻo ka hāʻule ʻole o nā pūʻali koa i koe o ka Royal Navy 3-8 Iulai 1940 i hoʻouka ʻia.

a ua luku hapa i na moku Farani ma Mers-el-Kebir kokoke i Orana; incl. ua piholo ka moku kaua Brittany a ua poino kekahi mau moku. Ma nā hana a pau e kūʻē i ka Royal Navy, 1297 mau luina Farani i make ma kēia kahua ʻo Algeria, ma kahi o 350 i ʻeha.

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o nā ʻauwaʻa Farani nui ma nā awa ʻEnelani, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i liʻiliʻi ke kumukūʻai o ke kaua ma muli o ka nele o nā luina a ʻaʻole waiwai nui. ʻO ka hoʻololi wale nō ka hoʻoili ʻana i kekahi hapa o nā pūʻali koa i nā ʻauwaʻa hui. Ua loaʻa ia manaʻo, me Netherlands, Norewai a me Polani. I ka hihia o ka hope, ua manaʻo ʻia e lawe i UK i ka mokuahi o kēia manawa o ka squadron Farani - ka moku kaua "Paris". ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopau ʻia kēia hihia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka hanohano o ka WWI, i ka hopena, ua mahalo ka Naval Command (KMV) i kēlā, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke ʻano propaganda.

ʻO nā kumukūʻai hana e hiki mai ana o kahi moku kaua kahiko i hoʻomau i ka lawelawe mai ka makahiki 1914 e hoʻohewa i nā moku liʻiliʻi Polani i nā kumukūʻai nui. Eia kekahi, ma ka māmā haʻahaʻa loa (21 knots), hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kahi submarine. ʻAʻole lawa nā luna a me nā luna ʻole (i ke kauwela o 1940, PMW ma Great Britain he 11 mau luna a me 1397 mau luna a me nā luina) hiki ke hoʻopiha i kahi kila - no nā kūlana Polani - colossus me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o ma luna o 25 tons, i lawelawe ma kahi o 000 kanaka.

Ua noi aku ʻo Adimarala Hope Jerzy Svirsky, ke poʻo o KMW ma Lākana, ma hope o ka lilo ʻana o ka mea luku ʻo ORP Grom i ka lā 4 o Mei, 1940 ma Rombakkenfjord kokoke i Narvik, ua noi ʻo ia i moku hou i ka Adimarala Pelekane. Ua kākau ʻo Adimarala Sir Dudley Pound, ka Haku Kai mua a me ka Luna Nui o ka Navy Royal mai 1939-1943, ma ka pane ʻana i nā nīnau mai ke poʻo o ka KMW, ua kākau ʻo ia ma kahi leka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lā 14 Iulai 1940:

E ka Adimarala,

Ua maopopo iaʻu ka nui o kou makemake e hana i ka mea luku hou me kou poʻe, akā e like me kou ʻike, ke hana nei mākou i ka mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻokomo i nā mea luku e like me ka hiki.

E like me kāu i ʻike pololei ai, makaʻu wau i kēia manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi mea luku i ka lawelawe no kahi hui hou.

No laila, ke hopohopo nei au ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoili iā ʻoe [mea luku - M.B.] "Galant" no nā kumu i luna. No [ka mea luku Farani - M. B.] Le Triomphante, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i mākaukau e hele i ka moana a i kēia manawa ke manaʻo ʻia nei ʻo ia ka moku hae no ka ʻAmirala hope e alakaʻi ana i nā mea luku. Eia naʻe, ke manaʻo nei au e hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia nā kānaka iā ʻoe e ka moku Farani Hurricane a me nā moku Farani Pomerol a me Medoc, a me nā moku holo moku Ch 11 a me Ch 15. Inā ʻo ia ka hihia iā ʻoe , he mea ia e hooikaika nui ai i ko kakou mau koa ma ka moana kai i keia au mua, he mea nui ia no kakou. Ke noʻonoʻo nei mākou i ka hiki ke hoʻoili i ka moku kaua Farani ʻo Paris iā ʻoe, inā ʻaʻohe contraindications, aʻu i ʻike ʻole ai.

ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu inā ʻike ʻoe ma ka hihia o nā moku Farani i mālama ʻia e kekahi ohua Pelekane, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e holo kēia mau moku ma lalo o nā hae Pelekane a me Farani, a inā mākou e hoʻokele i kahi moku Farani me kahi poʻe Polani, ʻelua. Pono e hoʻolele ʻia nā hae Polani a me Palani. .

Mahalo nui wau inā ʻoe e hōʻike mai iaʻu inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele i nā moku i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna me kou mau ʻauwaʻa ponoʻī a inā ʻoe e ʻae e lele ka hae aupuni e like me luna.