ʻO nā hololio o ka Apocalypse - a i ʻole makaʻu?

Hōʻike ka ʻike i ka leo nui o ka alarmism e hōʻemi i ka naʻau o ke kanaka i nā mea hoʻoweliweli hou aʻe. He mea maʻamau paha kēia inā ʻaʻole no ka makaʻu ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke pane i kahi makaʻala pōʻino maoli (1).

I loko o ʻeono mau makahiki o ka holomua o ka puke "Punaʻi hāmau", mea kākau ʻO Rachel Carson, 1962 a ʻelima mai kona hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana Hōʻike ʻo Club of Rome, hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1972 ("Ka palena o ka ulu"), ua lilo nā wānana o ka pōʻino ma ke ʻano nui i mau kumuhana media maʻamau.

ʻO ka hapa haneli i hala ua lawe mai iā mākou, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, Nā ʻōlelo aʻo e kūʻē i: ka pahū ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, nā wi honua, nā maʻi maʻi, nā kaua wai, ka pau ʻana o ka aila, nā hemahema mineral, ka emi ʻana o nā helu hānau, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ozone, ka ua waika, nā hoʻoilo nuklea, nā millennium bugs, huhū. nā maʻi pipi, nā nalo -pepehi kanaka, nā maʻi ʻaʻai lolo ma muli o nā kelepona paʻa lima. a ʻo ka hope, nā pōʻino ʻino.

A hiki i kēia manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia mau makaʻu āpau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua alo mākou i nā pilikia, nā hoʻoweliweli i ke olakino lehulehu a me nā pōʻino nui. Akā ʻo Armageddons walaʻau, nā paepae hiki ʻole i ke kanaka ke hele, nā wahi koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke ola, ʻaʻole pono.

Ma ka Baibala Baibala Apocalypse he eha hololio (2). E ʻōlelo kākou he ʻehā kā lākou mana hou: nā mea kemika (DDT, CFCs - chlorofluorocarbons, ua waikawa, smog), maʻi (ka maʻi manu, ka maʻi puaʻa, SARS, Ebola, maʻi pipi pupule, ka maʻi maʻi ʻo Wuhan coronavirus), kanaka keu (overpopulation, famine) i nele i ka waiwai (ʻaila, metala).

2. "The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse" - he pena na Viktor Vasnetsov.

Hiki i kā mākou poʻe holo kaʻa ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻano mea ʻaʻohe o mākou mana a hiki ʻole iā mākou ke pale a i ʻole hiki iā mākou ke pale aku iā mākou iho. Inā, no ka laʻana, hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā kālā nui methane mai ka methane clathrates ma lalo o ka moana, ʻaʻohe mea hiki iā mākou ke hana no ia mea, a paʻakikī ke wānana i ka hopena o ia pōʻino.

E hahau i ka lepo ʻino lā me ka unahiʻole e like me ka mea i kapaia Carrington hanana o 1859, kekahi hiki somehow hoomakaukau, akā, i ka honua luku o ka telecommunications a me ka ikehu hana i ke koko o ko kakou civilization e lilo i global catastrophe.

E ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ke ao holoʻokoʻa lua pele nui like Yellowstone. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i kēia manawa, a ʻaʻole maopopo ka manaʻo no ka pale ʻana a me ka pale ʻana mai nā hopena. No laila paha e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole paha, e mālama paha mākou, ʻaʻole paha. He hoohalike keia me na mea i ike ole ia.

E make ana ka nahele? ʻOiaʻiʻo?

3. Ka uhi o ka makahiki 1981 ʻo Der Spiegel e pili ana i ka ua waikawa.

Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻia nā kemika a ke kanaka e hana ai a hoʻokuʻu i loko o ke kaiapuni, mai ka huahana pale mea kanu DDT, i ʻike ʻia he carcinogen i mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma o ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka ea, ka ua waika, a i nā chlorocarbons luku ozone. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o kēia mau mea haumia kahi ʻoihana media "apocalyptic".

Ua kākau ʻo Life magazine i Ianuali 1970:

"Loaʻa i nā ʻepekema nā ʻikepili hoʻokolohua a me nā ʻikepili e kākoʻo i nā wānana i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi, pono e hoʻokomo nā kamaʻāina o ke kūlanakauhale i nā masks e ola ai. haumia ea"ʻO ia a hiki i ka makahiki 1985"e hoemi i ka nui o ka la ka hapalua o ka honua.

Eia naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi hapa e nā lula like ʻole a ʻo kekahi hapa e nā ʻano hou like ʻole i hoʻemi nui i ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻa a me ka pollution chimney, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ea ma nā kūlanakauhale he nui i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, lead, ozone a me nā mea hoʻohuihui mea hoʻoheheʻe ua hāʻule nui a hoʻomau i ka hāʻule. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ʻaʻole ʻo nā wānana i hewa, akā ʻo ka pane pololei o ke kanaka iā lākou. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pili nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele a pau.

I nā makahiki 80, ua lilo lākou i kumu o kekahi nalu o nā wānana apocalyptic. ua waikawa. I kēia hihia, ʻo ka nui o nā ululāʻau a me nā loko i pilikia i ka hana kanaka.

I Nowemapa 1981, ua ʻike ʻia ka uhi o The Forest is Dying (3) ma ka nūpepa Kelemania ʻo Der Spiegel, e hōʻike ana ua make a make paha ka hapakolu o nā ululāʻau ma Kelemania, a Bernhard Ulrich, he mea noiʻi lepo ma ke Kulanui o Göttingen, ua ʻōlelo ʻo nā ululāʻau "ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopakele hou ʻia." Ua hoʻolaha ʻo ia i ka wānana o ka make ʻana o ka nahele mai nā haʻalulu waika ma ʻEulopa. Fred Pierce ma New Scientist, 1982. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mea like ma nā puke US.

Eia nō naʻe, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua mālama ʻia kahi noiʻi kākoʻo aupuni i 500 mau makahiki, e pili ana i kahi 1990 ʻepekema a me ke kumu kūʻai ma kahi o $XNUMX miliona. I ka makahiki XNUMX, ua hōʻike lākou "ʻaʻohe hōʻike o ka hōʻemi nui a ʻokoʻa paha o ka uhi nahele ma United States a me Kanada ma muli o ka ua waikawa."

Ma ka mālama Heinrich Spieker, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Institute for Forest Growth, alakaʻi i nā haʻawina like a hoʻoholo i ka ulu wikiwiki a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ululāʻau ma mua o ka wā ma mua, a i ka makahiki 80 ua hoʻomaikaʻi ko lākou kūlana.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Speaker.

Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo kekahi o nā mea nui o ka ua waikawa, ka nitric oxide, e wāwahi i ke ʻano i loko o ka nitrate, kahi mea kanu no nā kumulāʻau. Ua ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hoʻokaʻa ʻia ʻana o nā loko ma muli o ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana ma mua o ka ua waikawa. Ua ʻike kekahi haʻawina he haʻahaʻa loa ka pilina ma waena o ka wai ua a me ka pH o nā loko.

A laila hāʻule ka mea holo o ka Apocalypse mai kona lio.

4. Hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka lua ozone i nā makahiki i hala iho nei

Nā Lapi Makapō o Al Gore

Ma hope o ka hana ʻana o nā ʻepekema i nā moʻolelo i nā makahiki 90 no kekahi manawa ka hoonui ana i ka puka ozone Ua kani pū nā pū o ka hoʻopaʻi ma luna o Antarctica, i kēia manawa ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka radiation ultraviolet i pale ʻia e ka ozone.

Hoʻomaka ka poʻe e ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi melanoma i loko o ke kanaka a me ka nalowale ʻana o nā rana. ʻO Al Gore Ua kākau i ka makahiki 1992 e pili ana i ka salmon makapō a me nā lapeti, a ua hōʻike ka New York Times i nā hipa maʻi ma Patagonia. Ua kau ʻia ka hewa ma luna o nā chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā pahu hau a me nā deodorants.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hōʻike, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma hope, ʻaʻole pololei. E make ana nā rana i nā maʻi leʻaleʻa i lawe ʻia e ke kanaka. He maʻi maʻi ka hipa. ʻAʻole i loli maoli ka make ʻana o ka melanoma, a ʻo ka salmon makapō a me nā lapeti, ʻaʻohe mea i lohe hou iā lākou.

Ua loaʻa kahi ʻaelike honua e hoʻopau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā CFC ma 1996. Eia naʻe, paʻakikī ke ʻike i nā hopena i manaʻo ʻia no ka mea ua pau ka ulu ʻana o ka lua ma mua o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka pāpā, a laila hoʻololi ʻia me ka nānā ʻole i ka mea i hoʻokomo ʻia.

Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka lua ozone ma luna o Antarctica i kēlā me kēia pūnāwai, ma kahi o ka helu like i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike i ke kumu. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻepekema ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka haki ʻana o nā kinikona pōʻino ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, aʻo kekahi poʻe e manaʻoʻiʻo ua kuhi hewa ʻia ke kumu o ka huikau.

ʻAʻole like ka maʻi maʻi ma mua

Eia pū kekahi maʻi maʻi ʻAʻole ʻo ia he kanaka hoʻoholo lio weliweli i kēia lā e like me ia i ka wā ma mua, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka Black Death (5) i hōʻoki i ka heluna kanaka o ʻEulopa ma kahi o ka hapalua i ke kenekulia 100 a ua hiki ke pepehi i XNUMX miliona mau kānaka. kanaka a puni ka honua. ʻOiai ua piha ko mākou mau noʻonoʻo i nā maʻi maʻi ʻino o nā kenekulia i hala aku nei, ʻo nā maʻi maʻi hou, ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, "me ka hoʻomaka ʻole" no ka maʻi maʻi kahiko a i ʻole kolera.

5. He kiʻi Pelekane mai ka makahiki 1340 e hōʻike ana i ke ahi o nā lole ma hope o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka Make ʻEleʻele.

ʻO AIDS, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ka maʻi ahulau o ke kenekulia XNUMX", a laila ʻo ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana o ka pāpāho, ʻaʻole ia he pōʻino no ke kanaka e like me ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia. 

I ka makahiki 80, hoʻomaka ka make ʻana o nā pipi Pelekāne maʻi pipi pupulema muli o ka ma'i ma'i i ka hanai mai ke koena o nā bipi 'ē a'e. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka poʻe e loaʻa i ka maʻi, ua lilo koke nā wānana no ka nui o ke ahulau.

Wahi a kekahi noiʻi, hiki i ka 136 mau kānaka i manaʻo ʻia e make. kanaka. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Pathologists "pono ​​​​ka poʻe Pelekania e hoʻomākaukau no nā kaukani, ʻumi tausani, haneli haneli o nā hihia o vCJD (hou ʻO ka maʻi Creutzfeldt-Jakob, a i ʻole ka hōʻike kanaka o ka maʻi pipi pupule). Eia naʻe, ʻo ka huina o ka make ma UK i kēia manawa ... hoʻokahi haneri a me kanahikukūmāono, ʻelima o ia mau mea i 2011, a i ka makahiki 2012 ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia.

I ka makahiki 2003 ka manawa SARS, he maʻi mai nā pōpoki home i alakaʻi ai i nā quarantines ma Beijing a me Toronto ma waena o ka wānana o kahi Armageddon honua. Ua hoʻomaha ʻo SARS i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, ua pepehi ʻia he 774 poʻe (ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nui o nā make i ka makahiki mua o Pepeluali 2020 - ma kahi o ʻelua mahina ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā hihia mua).

I ka makahiki 2005 ua puka mai maʻi manu. ʻO ka wānana mana o ka World Health Organization i kēlā manawa i manaʻo ʻia mai 2 a 7,4 miliona mau make. I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 2007, i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ka emi ʻana o ka maʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka poʻe i make ma kahi o 200 mau kānaka.

Ma 2009 ka mea i kapa ʻia maʻi puaʻa mekiko. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Luna Hoʻokele Nui o ka World Health Organization Margaret Chan: "Ua pilikia ka poʻe āpau i kahi maʻi maʻi." Ua lilo ka ma'i ahulau i mea ma'amau o ka ma'i ma'i.

ʻOi aku ka weliweli o ka Wuhan coronavirus (ke kākau nei mākou i kēia ma Pepeluali 2020), akā ʻaʻole ia he maʻi ahulau. ʻAʻohe o kēia mau maʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka maʻi maʻi, i hoʻokahi haneli i hala aku nei, me kekahi o kāna mau maʻi, ua make paha ma kahi o 100 miliona mau kānaka a puni ka honua i ʻelua makahiki. A pepehi nō ʻo ia. Wahi a ka hui ʻAmelika Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ma kahi o 300 a 600 tausani. kanaka ma ka honua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

No laila, ʻo nā maʻi lele i ʻike ʻia a mākou e mālama nei kokoke i ka "maʻamau" pepehi i nā kānaka he nui aʻe ma mua o nā maʻi maʻi "apocalyptic".

ʻAʻole nui loa nā kānaka a ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi loa nā kumuwaiwai

ʻO nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka nui o ka lehulehu a me ka hopena o ka wī a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai aia ma ka papa kuhikuhi o nā hihiʻo pouli o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa nā mea i nā makahiki i hala aku nei e kūʻē i nā wānana ʻeleʻele. Ua emi ka nui o ka make a ua emi na wahi o ka poe pololi o ka honua.

Ua emi ka nui o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, no ka mea, ke pau ka make ana o na keiki, pau ka nui o na keiki. I ka hapalua o ke kenekulia i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana ʻai o ka honua no kēlā me kēia kanaka ʻoiai ua pālua ka heluna o ka honua.

Ua holomua ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana a ua hāʻule nā ​​kumukūʻai meaʻai i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka millennium hou, a ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā ululāʻau ma ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa Komohana a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Pono e ʻae ʻia, ʻo ke kulekele o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kekahi o ka ʻai o ka honua i wahie kaʻa ua hoʻohuli hapa i kēia emi ʻana a hoʻonui hou i nā kumukūʻai.

ʻAʻole paha e pālua ka heluna o ka honua, ʻoiai ua hoʻonui ʻia i ka makahiki 2050. Ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei ke kūlana me nā hua, nā mea kanu, nā pesticides, ka lawe ʻana a me ka irrigation, manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka honua ke hānai i ka 9 billion mau kānaka i ka makahiki 7, a ʻo kēia me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāina ma mua o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i ka XNUMX billion mau kānaka.

Nā hoʻoweliweli ka pau ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai wahie (e nānā pū me 🙂 he kumuhana wela e like me ka overpopulation i kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei. I ko lākou manaʻo, ʻaʻole e lōʻihi ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe, a pau ke kinoea a piʻi aʻe i ke kumukūʻai ma kahi helu weliweli. I ka makahiki 2011, ka International Energy Ua helu 'ia ka 'Oihana e mau ana ka mālama kinoea honua no nā makahiki 250. Ke ulu nei nā waihona aila kaulana, 'a'ole e hā'ule ana, 'a'ole wale no ka 'ike 'ana i nā mahina'ai hou, akā, no ka ho'omohala 'ana i ka 'enehana no ka lawe 'ana i ke kinoea, a me ka aila mai. shale.

ʻAʻole wale ka ikehu, akā pū kekahi waiwai metala ua pau koke lakou. I ka makahiki 1970, ua wānana ʻo Harrison Brown, he lālā o ka National Academy of Sciences, ma ka Scientific American e pau ke alakaʻi, zinc, tin, gula, a me ke kālā i ka makahiki 1990. ʻO nā mea kākau o ka Club of Rome bestseller 1992-makahiki i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei ʻo The Limits to Growth i wānana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki XNUMX i ka pau ʻana o nā kumu waiwai nui, a ʻo ke kenekulia aʻe e lawe mai i ka hāʻule o ka moʻomeheu.

He pōʻino anei ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻololi aniau?

Ke hoʻololi nei i ke aniau He mea paʻakikī ke hui pū me kā mākou poʻe holo lio no ka mea ʻo ia ka hopena o nā hana a me nā hana kanaka like ʻole. No laila, inā lākou, a aia kekahi mau kānalua e pili ana i kēia, a laila ʻo ia ka apocalypse ponoʻī, ʻaʻole kāna kumu.

Akā, pono anei mākou e hopohopo e pili ana i ka hoʻomehana honua?

He bipolar ka nīnau no nā poʻe loea. ʻO kekahi o nā manaʻo nui o nā wānana i hāʻule ʻole o nā apocalypses kaiapuni o ka wā i hala, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ke ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻohe mea i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole i hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia nā mea hiki ʻole a me nā hanana kūikawā mai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana.

I ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i ke aniau, lohe pinepine mākou i ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo he hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia kahi pōʻino me nā hopena holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka poʻe i manaʻoʻiʻo he hoʻopunipuni kēia hopohopo. ʻAʻole hiki i nā moderates ke hele i mua, ʻaʻole ma ka ʻōlelo ʻana e "kokoke ana ka hau hau Greenland" akā ma ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā lākou ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka helu o kēia manawa ma lalo o 1% o kēlā me kēia kenekulia.

Hoʻopaʻapaʻa pū lākou ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ua (a me ka carbon dioxide concentrations) hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai, ua kū mua nā kaiaola i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wela, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau e ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka pōʻino o ke kaiapuni ma mua o ka hoʻoholo wikiwiki e neʻe aku. mai nā wahie mōʻalihaku.

Ua ʻike mua mākou i kekahi mau hōʻike e hiki i ke kanaka ke pale i nā pōʻino hoʻomehana honua. laʻana maikaʻi malariai ka wā i wānana nui ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia e ka loli aniau. Eia naʻe, i ke kenekulia 25, ua nalowale ka maʻi mai ka hapa nui o ka honua, me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me Rūsia, ʻoiai ka hoʻomehana honua. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki mua o kēia kenekulia, ua emi ka nui o ka make mai ia mea ma kahi kamahaʻo XNUMX%. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mahana wela no nā makika vector, i ka manawa like, nā lāʻau antimalarial hou, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai i kaupalena ʻia ka nui o ka maʻi.

ʻO ka overreacting i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau hiki ke hōʻeha i ke kūlana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā biofuels ma ke ʻano he ʻokoʻa i ka aila a me ka lanahu ua alakaʻi i ka luku ʻana i nā ululāʻau tropical (6) e ulu i nā mea kanu kūpono no ka hana wahie a, ma muli o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ke kalapona, ka piʻi like ʻana o nā kumukūʻai meaʻai a pela ka hooweliweli o ka pololi honua.

6. Ka ʻike ʻana i nā ahi ma ka wao nahele Amazon.

He pōʻino ka lewa, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia pehea, pehea a ma hea

ʻO ka mea holo maoli o ka Apocalypse a me Armageddon he meteorite pahaʻo ia, ma muli o kona nui, hiki ke hoʻopau i ko mākou honua holoʻokoʻa (7).

ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano o kēia hoʻoweliweli, akā ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻia mākou iā ia i Pepeluali 2013 e kahi asteroid i hāʻule i Chelyabinsk, Russia. ʻOi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani kānaka i ʻeha. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻohe mea i make. A ʻo ka mea hewa i hoʻololi ʻia he ʻāpana pōhaku 20-mika wale nō i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka lewa o ka Honua - no ka liʻiliʻi a me ka lele ʻana mai ka ʻaoʻao o ka Lā.

7. Pōʻino meteorite

Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo nā mea a hiki i 30 m ka nui e puhi mau i ka lewa. ʻO ka poʻe mai ka 30 m a hiki i ka 1 km ka pilikia o ka luku ʻia ma ka pae kūloko. Hiki i ke ʻano o nā mea nui ma kahi kokoke i ka Honua ke loaʻa nā hopena i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kino lani weliweli nui loa o kēia ʻano i ʻike ʻia e NASA ma ka lewa, ʻo Tutatis, hiki i 6 km.

Ua manaʻo ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka liʻiliʻi he mau kakini nui hou mai ka hui o ka mea i kapa ʻia. pili i ka Honua (). Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā asteroids, asteroids a me nā comets, kahi kokoke i ka orbit o ka Honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia he mau mea kēia nona ka hapa o ka orbit ma lalo o 1,3 AU mai ka Lā.

Wahi a ka NEO Coordination Center, nona ka European Space Agency, i kēia manawa i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i 15 tausani NEO mea. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou he asteroids, akā aia kēia hui ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli kometa. ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua tausani i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea me ka nui o ka hui ʻana me ka Honua ma mua o ka ʻole. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea NEO i ka lewa ma ke ʻano he papahana honua.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole kēia wale ka papahana e nānā i ka palekana o kā mākou honua.

I loko o ke kahua o ka Polokalamu Asteroid Hazard Loiloi (CRANE - Asteroid Threat Assessment Project) Loaʻa ʻo NASA i ka pahuhopu nā kamepiula nui, e hoʻohana ana iā lākou e hoʻohālikelike i ka hui ʻana o nā mea weliweli me ka Honua. ʻO ka hoʻohālike kūpono e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke wānana i ka nui o ka hiki ke pōʻino.

Loaʻa ka waiwai nui i ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea Mea Nānā Infrared Field Lawa (WISE) - Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo NASA's Infrared Space Telescope ma Dekemaba 14, 2009. Ua paʻi ʻia ma mua o 2,7 miliona mau kiʻi. I ʻOkakopa 2010, ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hana nui o ka misionari, ua pau ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka telescope.

Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hana ʻelua o nā mea ʻike ʻehā a hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomau i ka misionari i kapa ʻia Neowise. Ma 2016 wale nō, ʻo NASA, me ke kōkua o ka NEOWISE observatory, ua ʻike ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau mea pōhaku hou ma kahi kokoke. Ua helu ʻia he ʻumi o lākou i mea pōʻino. Ua kuhikuhi ka ʻōlelo i paʻi ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana cometary a hiki i kēia manawa.

Ke ulu nei nā ʻenehana nānā a me nā mea hana, ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli. I kēia mau lā, no ka laʻana, ʻo nā ʻelele o ka Institute of Astronomy of the Czech Academy of Sciences i ʻōlelo ʻo nā asteroids me ka hiki ke hoʻoweliweli e hoʻoweliweli i nā ʻāina holoʻokoʻa ke peʻe i loko o ka pūʻulu o Taurids, e hele mau ana i ka orbit o ka Honua. Wahi a nā Czechs, hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo iā lākou ma 2022, 2025, 2032 a i ʻole 2039.

E like me ka manaʻo o ka pale maikaʻi loa ʻo ia ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā asteroids, ʻo ia paha ka media nui loa a me ka hoʻoweliweli cinematic, loaʻa iā mākou kahi ʻano hana ʻino, ʻoiai ʻo ka theoretical. I ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo, akā kūkākūkā koʻikoʻi, ua kapa ʻia ka misionari a NASA e "hoʻohuli" i kahi asteroid DART ().

ʻO ka satellite e like me ka nui o ka pahu hau e hui pū me kahi mea ʻino ʻole. Makemake nā kānaka ʻepekema e ʻike inā lawa kēia e hoʻololi iki i ke alahele o ka mea komo. ʻO kēia hoʻokolohua kinetic i kekahi manawa i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hana mua i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pale pale o ka Honua.

8. ʻIke ʻia o ka misionari DART

Ua kapa ʻia ke kino a ka ʻoihana ʻAmelika e paʻi me kēia pana ʻO Didimos B a keʻa i ka lewa i ka tandem me ʻO Didimosem A. Wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke ana ʻana i nā hopena o kahi hoʻolālā i hoʻolālā ʻia ma kahi ʻōnaehana binary.

Manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokūkū ka hāmeʻa me ka asteroid i ka wikiwiki o ka 5 km / s, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻeiwa mau manawa ka wikiwiki o ka pōkā raifela. E nānā a ana ʻia ka hopena e nā mea hana pololei ma ka Honua. E hōʻike ana nā ana i nā ʻepekema i ka nui o ka ikehu kinetic e pono ai ke kaʻa e hoʻololi pono i ke ala o kēia ʻano mea lewa.

I ka mahina o Nowemapa i hala, ua mālama ke aupuni ʻAmelika i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma waena o nā keʻena e pane i ka hopena o ka Honua me kahi asteroid nui. Ua mālama ʻia ka hoʻokolohua me ke komo ʻana o NASA. ʻO ke ʻano i hoʻoponopono ʻia me nā hana i hana ʻia e pili ana i kahi hui ʻana me kahi mea mai ka 100 a 250 m, i hoʻoholo ʻia (ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ka papahana wale nō) ma Kepakemapa 20, 2020.

I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻopau ka asteroid i kāna huakaʻi lewa, e hāʻule ana i ka ʻāpana o Kaleponi hema a i ʻole kokoke i kona kahakai i ka Moana Pākīpika. Ua nānā ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia o nā poʻe mai Los Angeles a me nā wahi a puni - a ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i 13 miliona mau kānaka. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻāʻo wale ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona no ka wānana ʻana i nā hopena o kahi pōʻino i wehewehe ʻia i loko o ke aʻo ʻana, akā he hoʻolālā pū kekahi no ka pale ʻana i nā kumu like ʻole o nā lono a me nā ʻike wahaheʻe e hiki ke lilo i kumu koʻikoʻi e hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ka lehulehu.

Ma mua, i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 2016, mahalo i ka hui pū ʻana o NASA me nā keʻena ʻē aʻe a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika e pili ana i nā pilikia palekana, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi hōʻike ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, heluhelu mākou:

"ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi hopena NEO e hoʻoweliweli i ka moʻomeheu kanaka i nā kenekulia ʻelua e hiki mai ana, e mau ana ka pilikia o nā pōʻino liʻiliʻi."

No nā mea hoʻoweliweli he nui, ʻo ka ʻike mua ke kī i ka pale ʻana, pale a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hopena pōʻino. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana pale e hele pū me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻike.

I kēia manawa, he helu o nā mea kūikawā nā mea nānā honuaakā naʻe, pono nō hoʻi ka ʻimi ʻana ma ka lewa. ʻAe lākou ʻike maka infraredʻaʻole hiki ke hana maʻamau mai ka lewa.

ʻO nā Asteroids, e like me nā hōkūhele, e hoʻopaʻa i ka wela mai ka lā a laila e hoʻomālamalama iā ia i loko o ka infrared. Hiki i kēia radiation ke hoʻohālikelike i ke kua o ka hakahaka. No laila, hoʻolālā nā astronomers ʻEulopa mai ESA, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaka ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka misionari ʻO kēlā me kēia hola he telescope, i loko o 6,5 mau makahiki o ka hana, hiki ke ʻike i ka 99% o nā mea i hiki ke hoʻopōʻino nui i ka wā e hui ai lākou me ka Honua. Pono ka mea hana a puni ka Lā, kokoke i ko mākou hōkū, kokoke i ka orbit o Venus. Aia "hoʻi" i ka Lā, e hoʻopaʻa inoa i kēlā mau asteroids ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke ʻike mai ka Honua ma muli o ka ikaika o ka lā - e like me ka Chelyabinsk meteorite.

Ua hoʻolaha hou ʻo NASA e makemake ʻo ia e ʻike a ʻike i nā asteroids āpau e hoʻoweliweli i ko mākou honua. Wahi a ka hope poʻo mua o NASA, Lori Garver, ua hana ka 'oihana US no kekahi manawa e ike i na kino o keia ano kokoke i ka Honua.

– – wahi ana. –

He mea koʻikoʻi hoʻi ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua inā mākou e pale i ka luku ʻana i nā ʻenehana loea ma muli o kahi hopena. hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka lā coronal mass ejection (CME). I kēia mau lā, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli ākea nui.

Ke nānā mau ʻia nei ka Lā e kekahi mau mea hoʻokele lewa, e like me ka NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) a me ka Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) o ka hui ʻEulopa ESA, a me nā probes o ka ʻōnaehana STEREO. I kēlā me kēia lā e hōʻiliʻili lākou ma mua o 3 terabytes o ka ʻikepili. Hoʻopili ka poʻe loea iā lākou, e hōʻike ana i nā mea hoʻoweliweli i nā mokulele, nā satelite a me nā mokulele. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau "wā wanana lā" i ka manawa maoli.

Hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana hana no ka mea hiki i kahi CME nui, kahi e hoʻoweliweli ai i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Pono ka hōʻailona mua e hoʻopau i nā mea hana a pau a kali i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻino a hiki i ka hala ʻana o ke kaomi ʻino loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā poho, no ka mea, ʻaʻole e ola kekahi mau ʻōnaehana uila, me nā polokalamu kamepiula, me ka ʻole o ka mana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka pani ʻana i ka manawa kūpono o nā mea hana e mālama ai i ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi.

ʻO nā hoʻoweliweli Cosmic - nā asteroids, comets a me nā jet o ka radiation luku - ʻaʻohe kānalua loaʻa ka mana apocalyptic. He mea paʻakikī hoʻi ke hōʻole ʻaʻole he mea maoli kēia mau ʻano, no ka mea, ua hana ʻia i ka wā ma mua, ʻaʻole i ka manawa pinepine. He mea hoihoi naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou kekahi o nā kumuhana punahele a ka poʻe hoʻomaka. Koe nae paha ka poe haiolelo make ma na hoomana like ole.